• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.29-32
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• 1996

기존의 안과 진단 및 치료 기기의 안구 고정장치는 진단 및 치료에 있어서 피검사자와 검사자에 사이에 충분한 협조가 되지 않을 경우 진단의 비효율성과 치료의 안정성등의 문제가 발생하고있다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 보완하기 위하여 SLO의 전면 세극등을 소형의 반사경으로 대치하고 표시등을 후면의 먼거리에 수직으로 배열시켜서 피검사자에게 적당한 높이의 고정등을 선택하게하여 수직방향의 안구 위치를 고정시키고 SLO(Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope)의 좌우 회전기능으로 표적의 수평방향을 근절시킨 후에 검사자의 조작으로 원격조정되는 서보장치를 이용하여 다시 반사경을 전방향으로 미세하게 회전되게하여 정확한 위치로 안구를 이동시키게 하는 원격조정 표적 추적장치를 개발하였다. 이에 따라 피검사자는 거울에 비친 먼거리의 허상을 보게 되어 세극등을 이용한 근접주사방식의 단점인 안구의 축동, 폭주등으로 인한 환자의 눈의 피로를 최소화하면서 피검사자의 안구를 검사자가 원하는 위치로 고정시킬 수 있게 함으로써 임상실험에서 안과 진단의 정확성과 관리도를 높이고 치료의 효율성과 안전성을 증가시킬 수 있는 원격조정 추적장치로써의 성능을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.507-533
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• 2009

This paper examines the time course and processing patterns of filler-gap dependencies in Korean relative clauses, using an eyetracking method. Participants listened to a short story while viewing four pictures of entities mentioned in the story. Each story is followed by an auditorily presented question involving a relative clause (subject relative or dative relative). Participants' eye movements in response to the question were recorded. Results showed that the proportion of looks to the picture corresponding to a filler noun significantly increased at the relative verb affixed with a relativizer, and was largest at the filler where the fixation duration on the filler picture significantly increased. These results suggest that online resolution of the filler-gap dependency only starts at the relative verb marked with a relativiser and is finally completed at the filler position. Accordingly, they partly support the filler-driven parsing strategy for Korean, as for head-initial languages. In addition, the different patterns of eye movements between subject relatives and dative relatives indicate the role of case markers in parsing Korean sentences.

• Journal of Communication Design
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• v.38
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• pp.80-90
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to determine the differences in eye-tracking, which is one of the emotional reactions of the autonomic nervous system, against various experimental stimuli that vary in terms of the movement attributes of graphic image. This experiment conducted an analysis of variance of the movement factors(n) in each movement attribute(speed, horizontality movement, verticality movement, diagonal movement). Dependent variables were the fixation starting time, the fixation dwell time, the whole fixation time from stimulus appearance, and the eye-tracking length. The result of eye-tracking against movement speed showed nonsignificant differences for each movement attribute. In the horizontality movement, the → movement was higher than the ← movement. In the verticality movement, the ↑ movement was higher than the ↓ movement. In the diagonal movement, there was not significant differences for each movement attributes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.1671-1678
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• 2006

A real time system realization for binocular eyeball tracking mouse on the computer monitor being far from 30-40cm is presented in the paper. The processing for searching eyeball and tracking the cursor are that a facial image is acquired by the small CCD camera, convert it into binary image, search for the eye two using the five region mask method in the eye surroundings and the side four points diagonal positioning method is searched the each iris. The tracking cursor is matched by measuring the iris central moving position. The cursor controlling is achieved by comparing two related distances between the iris maximum moving and the cursor moving to calculate the moving distance from gazing position and screen. The experimental results show that the binocular eyeball mouse system is simple and fast to be real time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

This paper describes the experiments of gaze tracking utilizing a low-cost electrooculogram measuring device. The goal of the experiments is to verify whether the low-cost device can be used for a complicated human-computer interaction tool, such as the eye-writing. Two experiments are conducted for this goal: a simple gaze tracking of four directional eye-movements, and eye-writing-which is to draw letters or shapes in a virtual space. Eye-written alphabets were obtained by two PSL-iEOGs and an Arduino Uno; they were classified by dynamic positional warping after preprocessed by a wavelet function. The results show that the expected recognition accuracy of the four-directional recognition is close to 90% when noises are controlled, and the similar median accuracy (90.00%) was achieved for the eye-writing when the number of writing patterns are limited to five. In future works, additional algorithms for stabilizing the signal need to be developed.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.705-715
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• 2016

The purpose of this research is to analyze elementary students' attention characteristics through attention test and eye tracking on real science classes. The SMI's ETG(eye tracker glasses) mobile eye tracker was used to analyze the attention process of elementary students'. The sampling rate of the ETG is 30Hz. The participants of attention test were elementary 155 6th-grade elementary students and the participants for the eye-tracker were six 6th-grade male students. The eye movements were analyzed using the 'BeGaze Mobile Video Analysis Package' program. The results of this research are as follows. First, the attention test results of elementary students showed high correlation between selective attention and sustained attention (.85) and low correlation between selective attention and self-regulation (.32). Second, the attention types of elementary students were divided into four; attention, inattention, easygoing and hasty. Third, elementary students' attention were divided into top-down, bottom-up, default mode network through analysis of elementary students′ eye-movements during real science classes. Also their attention shift occurred frequently due to various reasons in real class situation. There were three reasons that made elementary students fail to handle knowledge-dependent top-down attention; 1) the cognitive failure of target caused by failing to focus attention, 2) the absence of prior knowledge on target object, 3) the analogical failure of prior knowledge. Finally, elementary students' attention process were schematized based on the analysis of students' eye movements and attention test. This research is expected to be utilized as basic data for developing effective teaching strategies, teaching-learning models and instructional materials.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2471-2473
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• 2003

인간의 안구는 색과 모양을 식별하는 데에 관여하는 원추 세포와 물체의 명암을 구분하는 간상 세포로 구성되어지는 시세포를 가진다. 망막 위에 분포되어 있는 시세포들은 시축을 중심으로 각기 다른 밀도로 분포 되어 있다. 특히 광축과 만나는 중심 지역은 Fovea라고 하는 직경 1mm 정도의 작은 우물을 이루고 있는데 원추 세포들이 고해상도로 분포되어 있고 시신경과 일대일로 연결되어 있어 시각 처리의 중심이 된다. 특히, 글자나 물체를 인식하기 위해 인간은 대상물을 응시하여 대상물의 영상이 Fovca영역에 맺히도록 추적 운동을 계속한다. 본 논문에서는 인간의 눈과 유사한 망막 모델의 하나인 Log-polar Image를 이용한 물체 인식을 위해 물체를 Log-polar Image Plane의 중심에 위치시키기 위한 모멘텀(Momentum)기반 정합 알고리즘(Alignment Algorithm)을 제시한다. 이는 눈동자 운동이 가능한 능동형 시각 장치의 Tracking 및 Pursuit 동작 중에 밭생하는 추적 오차를 보상함으로써 운동 중에도 효과적인 물체 인식이 가능하게 한다. 또한, 물체를 Log-polar Image Plane의 중심에 위치시킴으로써 물체의 위치 이동, 회전이동 그리고 크기 변화에 무관하게 물체를 인식한 수 있음을 제시한다.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.7
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2017

In this paper, we developed bio-signal based eye tracking system using electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) which measured simultaneously from same electrodes. In this system, eye gazing position can be estimated using EOG signal and we can use EMG signal at the same time for additional command control interface. For EOG signal processing, PLA algorithms are applied to reduce processing complexity but still it can guarantee less than 0.2 seconds of reaction delay time. Also, we developed dual machine learning structure and it showed robust and enhanced tracking performances. Compare to conventional EOG based eye tracking system, developed system requires relatively light hardware system specification with only two skin contact electrodes on both sides of temples and it has advantages on application to mobile equipments or wearable devices. Developed system can provide a different UX for consumers and especially it would be helpful to disabled persons with application to orthotics for those of quadriplegia or communication tools for those of intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 2014

This study investigates the worlds most favorite SNS, the Facebook, with the theory of Empathy, that there will be an effect to users due to their characteristics. We approach the data scientifically with using an Eye tracker, by analyzing the vision and attention of users of Facebook with stimuli of whether it's an image or text filled contents in newsfeed of Facebook. With the result of an eye tracker, we cross analyzed with General Empathy Scale to compare that users limit of feeling of empathy gave effect on contents of Facebook. Discussion and implications are discussed in terms of empathy.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.315-347
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the semantic preview effect in the parafoveal processing of words that are presented in advance in the parafoveal area ahead of the fixation point, benefiting word processing in the fovea. Using the boundary technique in eye-tracking experiments, 25 Chinese-Korean bilinguals, whose native language is Chinese, were presented with 96 sentences that contained a mix of Chinese and Korean, where Korean words were associated with Chinese characters semantically. The study aimed to determine whether a semantic preview effect could be extracted in reading. The experimental sentences were divided into four conditions: the same Korean native word condition (e.g., "나라" meaning "country"), the same Korean word with semantic equivalent in Chinese condition (e.g., "국가" meaning "country"), the same Chinese condition with semantic equivalent in Korean (e.g., "国家" meaning "country"), and the unrelated Chinese condition to the target word (e.g., "围裙" meaning "apron"). The results showed a preview effect in both the Korean word and Chinese word conditions, with a larger preview effect observed in the Chinese word condition compared to the Korean word condition.