• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.281-282
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• 2003

Olfactometer를 이용한 악취평가방법은 1986년 미국에서 표준방법(ASTM)으로 인정된 후 유럽 공동체(prEN 13725), 독일(VDI), 네덜란드(NVN2820) 등 여러나라에서 표준방법으로 다양하게 활용되고 있다. Olfactometer의 개발은 초기에 가축사육시설 부근의 냄새 유발에 따른 냄새의 정량화와 냄새 제어를 목적으로 발전하였으나, 근래에는 공업화와 산업화에 따른 산단지역에서의 냄새 배출원평가와 관리 및 부지경계에서의 냄새 농도평가의 필요성에 따라 많은 개발과 발전을 이루어왔다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

The purpose of this research is malodor reduction of food waste leachate by some microorganism. In oder to observe the efficiency of malodor reduction by different microorganisms, 300ml of food waste leachate was fermented by the addition of 10% precultured seed microorganism such as marine algae of Spirulina plantensis, Chlorella vulgaris, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae and bacteria Bacillus cereus for 10 days. During the fermentation the change in pH, salinity and sensory evaluations were tested. As the results, the pH values of samples in the beginning were 3.5~4.0. After fermentation they are increased to the level 4.9~7.4. The salinity values of the samples fermented by Spirulina plantensis and Chlorella vulgaris were lowered rapidly. By the sensory evaluation, the efficiency of malodor reduction by Chlorella vulgaris of the marine microalgae showed almost inodorous degree of ordor 1.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

This study was carried out to isolate and identify the yeasts from the the composts, which were effective to reduce odor of the pig feces, and to investigate their physiological properties. In yeasts, one of 30 isolates was obtained on 10% pig feces extract medium. Judging from the morphological and biochemical characteristics, the CY-10 isolated from the compost were identified as Candida rugosa. This isolated strain showed the deodorizing activity by reducing the concentration of $NH_3$ and R-$NH_2$ than that of the control. The CY-10 had completely utilizing butyric acid and iso-butyric acid including 10% pig slurry of the volatile fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces. Compared to control, this yeast was found effective for decrease in $NH_4$-N, Soluble-N and BOD, 20%, 12.6%, and 9.82% respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.493-504
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• 2021

The target site, Goejeongcheon flows through downtown of Saha-gu, Busan and it connects to the Nakdong-gang estuary. But non-point pollutants and sewage sludge are partially flowing into the stream and deposited. As a result, dissolved oxygen concentrations of the stream were observed close to the anaerobic condition. Multistage Vortex Aerator was applied for restoring this urban stream. It dissolves oxygen by repeatedly causing collisions between water and oxygen by vortex flow. The changes in water quality and odor were monitored for 2 months while circulating 1 m³/min of water with 22 ppm dissolved oxygen. As a result of the operation, the dissolved oxygen was improved from slightly Bad (4)~Bad (5) to Good (1b)~Normal (3) grade, and the total phosphorus concentration was decreased by 76 % on average. In the case of complex odor, a maximum reduction of 84.5 % was observed on the day the entire river was anaerobic. Through this study, we evaluated the feasibility of applying pure oxygen and Vortex Aerator for the the stream restoration. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for full-scale design.

• Clean Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.345-356
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• 2017

The composting is a biological process that converts organic matter into useful resources such as fertilizers. It is a continuous transition of microbial communities to adapt changes in organic matter and environmental conditions (carbonation rate, temperature, humidity, oxygen supply, pH, etc.). Most of the composting plants are located in the proximity of the residential areas. It is a general scenario where government authorities receive complaints from the local residents due to release of odor from the composting, and has become a social problem in Korea. Identification of dominant microorganisms, understanding change in microbial communities and augmentation of specific microorganism for composting is vital to enhance the efficiency of composting, quality of the compost produced, and reduction of odor. In this paper, we suggest the optimum operation conditions and methods for compost depot to reduce odor generation. The selection of the appropriate microorganisms and their rapid increase in population are effective to promote composting. The optimal growth conditions of bacteria such as aeration (oxygen), temperature, and humidity were standardized to maximize composting through microbial degradation. The use of porous minerals and moisture control has significantly improved odor removal. Recent technologies to reduce odor from the composting environment and improved composting processes are also presented.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.614-615
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• 2010

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2006

Disposal of food garbage in most large cities is very troublesome task. To date, microbiological treatment has been received an attention as a garbage decomposition process. In this study, the inoculation effect of some cellulase, amylase and protease-producing bacteria and photosynthetic bacteria on food garbage treatment was examined. They were added into a treatment reactor specially designed in this study together with food garbage and incubated in various conditions for 15 days and the removals of food garbage and foul smell produced during the treatment were analyzed. Average decomposition percentages of the inoculated food garbage in treatment reactor were 11 and 18.8% under intermittent aeration (once in a day) and continuous aeration conditions (2 L/min), respectively, and these were higher than removal percentages in the corresponding uninoculated reactors,3.4 and 13.8%. Optimal pH and temperature for food garbage decomposition by inoculated bacteria were pH 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$. Maximal decomposition percentage in the inoculated food garbage was 35% under the optimal condition (pH 7, $30^{\circ}C$, and continuous aeration). The malodor compounds generated from food garbage treatment such as complex foul smell and sulfur compounds were effectively reduced about 84% and 25.5%, respectively, with a biofilter composed of purple nonsulfur bacteria trapped in sponge. This decomposing capability of food garbage by these bacteria can be utilized for the rapid and efficient treatment of food garbage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.316-325
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• 2012

In this study, we suggested adequate control technology by analyzing emission process and main chemical of VOC/HAPs generated from four paint factories in Busan area. And we estimated whether Kapok fiber, which is a natural material, can be commercially used for an absorbent by testing adsorption ability. As a result of this sturdy, above 60% of VOC/HAPs was volatilized and dispersed inside the working place without conducting control system of facilities during manufacturing paints. Concentration profile of VOC/HAPs, which is volatile naturally outside the factories, is surveyed above 70% at Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene. And a result of evaluation of odor attribution level about the component whose Odor Threshold is known, it is estimated that major cause material of A, B, C factories is Toluene and that of D factory is m/p-Xylene. And that result presented design arguments such as facilities specifications, activated carbon filling volume, and replace cycle of activated carbon as control technology. Also, that result presented emission process improvement such as adsorption of central-controlled ventilation device, installation of inlet flenge, and potable cleaning process. The rate of pollutant adsorption of Kapok fiber, which is natural material, is indicated about 91.9%, 66.7%. That result validated the possibility as replacement of activated carbon.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.sup
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• pp.43-50
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• 2011

This study was conducted to verify the effect of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on odor reduction at a commercial swine facility consisting of a windowless piglet barn and a grower/fattening barn. The windowless piglet barn used a duct ventilation system. Air velocity at very below the upper duct was 4.53 m/s. Air velocity at the lower space around the living space of pigs in the grower/fattening barn was 0.26 m/s. $NH_3$ concentration was around 9ppm and less than 3 ppm before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 70% reduction. There was no $H_2S$ detection. $NH_3$ concentrations measured in the windowless grower/fattening barn and at the exhausted air were 26 ppm and 11ppm, respectively. $NH_3$ concentration at a biocurtain outside was less than 1 ppm. Hence, $ClO_2$ spraying at windowless barns was effectively decreased malodor such as $NH_3$.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.sup
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

This study was conducted to verify the effect of chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) on odor reduction at a commercial swine facility consisting of a compost ficility. Compost facility in $NH_3$ concentration was around 550 ppm and less than 78 ppm before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 86% reduction. There was no H2S detection. $NH_3$ concentration was around 420 ppm and less than 35 ppm before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 83% reduction. $H_2S$ concentration was around 210 ppb and less than 32 ppb before and after the $ClO_2$ spraying, respectively, which was over 85% reduction. Hence, $ClO_2$ spraying at windowless barns was compost facility decreased malodor such as $NH_3$.