• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.131-141
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• 2002

Purpose : Renal transplantation which allows children normal growth and development and a return to normal life. is now proven to be the best modality for children with ESRD Up to Recently, the number of renal transplantations in Asia has rapidly increased and the outcome has also improved. This investigation was planned to estimate the current status of pediatric renal transplantation in Asia and to find the keys for better improvement of outcome in pediatric renal allograft in Asian countries. Material and methods : The participating countries and institutions for this investigation were China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Korea, KSPN (Korean Society of Pediatric Nephrology), KONOS (Korean Network for Organ Sharing). Results : Many countries in Asia still do not have a well organized nation wide renal transplantation registration system independently in the pediatric field. So it's very difficult to evaluate the real state of pediatric transplantation among Asian countries. According to the estimation with fragmented data from each countries, in the front running countries of pediatric renal transplantation in Asia, about 40 or more transplants were performed in each country per year and the five year actuarial renal allograft survival was around 80% which is similar to that of western countries. But there were large gaps among the behind groups. Conclusion : Vigorous attempts to perform renal transplantation for children especially younger than 5 years old would be encouraged as well as organ donation from brain dead donor and non heart beating cadaveric donor also should be activated to cope effectively with the shortage of living donor supply. Large number of recent reports shows the favorable outcome of pre-emptive renal transplantation, we should make more efforts toward pre-emptive renal transplantation. First of all, in order to improve the outcome and to narrow the gap between Asian countries in pediatric renal transplantation, effective and continuous efforts to establish nationwide pediatric renal transplantation registration program as well as official, nation-to-nation data sharing program should be needed.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.547-553
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• 2022

This study analyzed the changes in the operational productivity of fourteen Korean container lines from 2019 to 2021 using MP I(Malmquist Productivity Index). The results indicated that the operational productivity of the shipping companies has increased by 38.4% annually, representing the TCI (Technical Change Index) increasing by 58.3% and the TECI (Technical Efficiency Change Index) decreasing by 12.6%. The increase in the operational productivity of the container shipping lines was mainly attributed to the high rise in ocean freight rates rather than an increase in fleet size or ship technical efficiency. However, the deep-sea shipping lines (i.e. HMM and SM lines) experienced increases in both the TCI and TECI, which was not the case for other shipping lines(i.e. Intra-Asian short-sea shipping lines). The intra-Asian short-sea shipping lines enhance their productivity due to the TCI but failed to appreciate the cost savings of the increased fleet effects due to the low SECI(Scale Efficiency Change Index) values.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.391-394
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• 2009

An Asian water monitor Varanus salvator with physical wound due to bite which was subsequently infected with bacterium resulting to hemorrhage and pus in the skin blisters, abdominal distention and septicemia. Morganella morganii was isolated and identified from the blood and kidney of the reptile, and confirmed by PCR and biochemical tests. The sensitivity of isolated strains to different groups of antibiotics was also evaluated using the disc diffusion method. Pathogenicity test using M. morganii (SNUFPC-MM01) (1.6 ${\times}$ $10^{11}$CFU/mouse) to suckling and adult mice resulted to the death of all mice. This paper describes the first isolation of M. morganii from Asian water monitor in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.203-221
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• 2000

본 연구는 선진국들의 주가변동이 우리나라 증시에 미치는 영향, 아시아 각국과 우리나라 주가변동의 상관관계, 우리나라와 이들 국가간 주가변동 상관관계의 시계열적 안정성, 우리나라와 이들 국가간 주가변동 전이의 방향 및 시차에 관하여 분석 하였다. 우리나라 증시 개방시점을 전후하여 1981년 1월$\sim$1991년 12월을 제1기간, 1992년 1월$\sim$1999년 8월을 제2기간으로 한 각국 주가지수의 월별수익률과 1999년 1월 4일$\sim$1999년 8월 24일 기간중 각국 주가지수의 일별수익률을 자료로 상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 우리나라 증시에 영향을 미친 선진국으로는 제1기간중에는 영국, 일본, 미국의 순이며, 제2기간중에는 전적으로 일본과의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 특히 일본과의 상관관계는 제1기간보다도 제2기간중에 더욱 상승하였다. 또한 선진국들 간에는 독일, 영국, 프랑스 3국간 주가변동의 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 아시아 각국과 우리나라의 상관관계분석에서는 태국, 인도네시아, 말레이시아와는 상관관계가 높게 나타났으나, 대만, 싱가폴과는 상관관계가 비교적 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 아시아 각국간에는 홍콩, 말레이시아, 태국, 인도네시아 국가들의 상호간 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 상관관계의 시계열 안정성에 관한 분석에서는 1995년 이전까지는 전체적으로 우리나라와 각국간 주가변동의 상관관계가 낮거나 국가별로 매우 불안정한 상태를 나타내고 있으나, 1996년 이후부터는 상관관계가 점점 높아지는 추세에서 1998년도에만 우리나라의 IMF충격으로 인하여 일부국가들과의 상관관계가 일시적으로 낮아진 상태를 보이고 있다. 개별국가별로는 우리나라와 일본과의 상관관계가 지속적으로 높아지고 있으며 태국, 인도네시아와는 IMF사태이후 크게 높아진 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 주가변동방향 및 시차분석에서는 미국, 영국, 독일의 주가변동이 1일의 시차를 두고 우리나라에 영향을 미치고 있으며, 일본을 비롯한 동남아 각국과 우리나라간에는 주가변동에 시차가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 각국간 표준시차 및 거래소 거래시간을 고려하면 미국, 영국, 독일의 경우에도 그 시차는 1일이내이거나 거의 시차가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.65-84
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• 2017

This paper attempts to investigate FDI Trade have been viewed a power affecting economic growth in Mongolia and five Central Asian countries(Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan) directly and indirectly using the Vector Error Correction Model. The results of empirical analysis based on data from 1995 to 2015 confirmed that FDI had a significant impact on economic growth in the rest of countries expect Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan, and Trade was not statistically significant for all countries. Accordingly we've come to below conclusion in consideration of the results of the statistics survey. It is urgently required to implement the policies on promoting foreign investment at first in order to recover economic decline though the international trading is considered important in developing the economics of developing countries. Especially, the landlocked countries, namely the countries having same border should focus on promoting the development of transport and freight forwarding systems between the countries, implementing the policies on trade relationships and foreign direct investments throughout the nation in consideration of the low- level of market economic conditions.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

This paper attempts to investigate determinants of foreign direct investment in transition countries of Mongolia and Central Asia five countries of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan. FDI inflows in this transition economies have been far increasing due to their rapid growth, GDP, gross capital formation, wage, labor force, open trading, infrastructure and natural resources as well as the factors demonstrating the economic variables and political variables of these countries by Vector Error Correction Model. The results of empirical analysis based on data from 1993 to 2013 confirmed that FDI and open trade and gross capital formation and political than GDP, wage, labor force, infrastructure and natural resources had a significant impact on Central Asia and Mongolia. In addition, if Mongolia and Central Asian five countries can maintain the country's economic growth, reduce unemployment level, achieve certain improvements in domesticating new technologies and improving skills and knowledge sphere as well as promoting stable domestic price increase, attracting and improving the FDI by paying more attention to the indicators focusing on country's GDP, wage, labor force, infrastructure and natural resource.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.59-70
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• 2016

Packaging is thought to contribute to the consumers' purchasing choice of the powdered infant formula products. In Asian market, the products of international and local brands are competing. Evaluation and analysis of food package functions for a variety of brand products will be helpful for the innovative packaging development. Thus, the packaged products of powdered infant formula were collected in Chinese, Indonesian and Korean supermarkets as a typical Asian market and examined in terms of main food packaging functions. Metal cans were the most dominant type of big size package (800-1000 g) while flexible bags were often the common one of medium size (400 g). In general, convenience function was provided in forms of easy opening device and portioning take-out spoon. Information on primary and secondary shelf lives was given besides nutritional facts and use instruction for communication function. The combination of $N_2$ and $CO_2$ was usually employed to protect powdered infant formula in rigid packages, whereas only $N_2$ was used to protect product in most flexible packages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.179-186
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• 2020

The purposes of this paper were: 1) to identify the structural changes of the northeast Asia airport network caused by the pandemic of COVID-19 using social network analysis (SNA) and 2) to suggest proposals for improving airport competitiveness. In this respect, the entire international air routes in northeast Asia airport collected data of 4-10 March 2019 and 9-15 March 2020 through schedules analyzer database of OAG. We found that both the density and centrality have decreased since the spread of COVID-19. The government and airport authorities need active support such as a reduction of various fees and a moratorium on transportation rights to overcome the crisis in the air transport industry. When the COVID-19 situation calms down in the future, we hope that further research will be conducted to identify the structural changes in the SNA aspects through the vast data establishment in countries such as the EU and America.

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.2 no.2 s.8
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• pp.2-4
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• 1996

닭, 질병검사 강화 - 아시아, 동물성 단백질 소비잠재력 크다 - 닭전염병 박멸대책위원회 발족 - 닭고기 수출입 국가간 생산비 큰 격차 - 중 ${\cdot}$ 동부유럽 가금육생산 활발 - 종계생산성향상 심포지엄 개최 -계사시설 개선 시급하다 - 닭고기 MMA 물량 141톤 유찰 - 95년 육계사료 12.6${\%}$ 신장

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.320-320
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• 2017