• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.476-482
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the acrylamide content in frozen food products after cooking. Twenty samples of bread (Group 1) and 30 samples of processed tuberous and corn vegetable products (Group 2) were selected. Acrylamide levels were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The frozen food samples were heated using the air fryer cooking method according to the product packaging and were compared to ready-to-eat French fries (Group 3). The results showed that the acrylamide content was the highest in group 3, followed by that in group 2 and group 1. The acrylamide content of all the samples was found to be within the domestic recommended standard of 1 mg/kg. However, when the samples that exceeded EU benchmark level (0.5 mg/kg) were selected and cooked using the deep-fat frying method according to the product packaging, one of them showed the acrylamide content of 1.83 mg/kg, which exceeded the domestic recommended standard. The present study highlights the need for continued evaluation and management to reduce acrylamide contents in frozen foods, as increasing domestic exposure to acrylamide is concerning.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.471-475
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• 2009

The objective of this research was to study the effect of different frying temperatures and time conditions on acrylamide formation, crispness, and sensory evaluations of french fries. Acrylamide concentration in french fries increased as frying temperature and cooking time increased. The french fries treated at $165^{\circ}C$ frying had higher crispness values than those with other treatments. Frying treatments for 2 min 30 sec had the highest crispness values of the french fries. Sensory evaluations in terms of color, texture, and overall acceptability, showed the better quality of french fries treated at the frying condition of $165^{\circ}C$ and 2 min 30 sec than with other treatments. French fries cooked at $165^{\circ}C$ for 2 min 30 sec had not only good sensory properties in french fries, but also led to a reduction in acrylamide formation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.351-364
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• 2016

In recent decades, many researchers have tried to improve desalination performances of polyamide (PA) thin-film composite membranes (TFCs) by incorporating nanomaterials into a selective PA layer. This review focuses on PA-based nanocomposite membranes with high performances for energy-effective desalination in reverse osmosis. Carbon based nanomaterial (e.g., graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNT)) and/or other nanoparticles (e.g., zeolite, silica and etc.,) were applied to overcome the trade-off correlation between water permeability and salt rejection of current polymeric desalination membranes. Here, this brief review will discuss current studies of PA-based nanocomposite membranes with enhanced separation characteristics and provide the future research direction to achieve further improved desalination performances.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1990

A bacterial strain of Brevibacterium sp. CHI was isolated from soil and used to produce an enzyme (nitrile hydratase) necessary for carrying out the bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. Various immobilization methods and enzyme stability were investigated. The nitrile hydratase showed the maximum stability at pH 7 for the free cells. EDTA and phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride were selected as the protease inhibitor and the enzyme stability was evaluated by changing inhibitor concentration. Acrylamide beads were the best carriers among four carriers we tested in terms of stability and physicoehemical strength. The storage stability of the immobilized cells decreased with increasing acrylamide concentration of the gel phase at 4$^{\circ}C$, and was very low at acrylarnide concentration above 25%.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 1998

For the ambient monitoring of acrylamide, the adequate condition of sampling and analysis was checked. The adequate adsorbents and desorption solvents were tested. The combination of charcoal tube as a adsorbent and acetone as a desorption solvent showed 87% desorption efficiency. Flame ionization detector was used to detect acrylamide. The detection limit was 0.814 mg acrylamide in 1 L acetone. It is the equivalent concentration of 0.0203 mg acrylamide in $1m^3$ air if the volume of air collected was 40L. The permissible exposure level (PEL) of acrylamide in the workplace air recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, USA) is 0.3 mg acrylamide in $1m^3$ air. So, it is very simple and economic analytical method for acrylamide to be set in the industrial hygiene laboratories.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.228-230
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• 2005

The denature polyacrylamide gel stain silver nitrate is used for routine nucleic acid detection. More sensitive stains, such as Vistra Green, SYBR Green are available to address a broad range of DNA applications requiring lower detection limits in polyacrylamide gel formats. Gel Scanners, laser-scanning instruments, provide sensitive fluorescence detection of DNA gel stains. We established one step fluorescent impregnation enhanced sensitivity with simple, rapid and low cost. We have applied this fluorescent staining procedure for the routine analysis of DNA profiles generated by SSR amplification.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.323-327
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• 2006

The Formation of acrylamide was studied in Maillard model reaction systems based on asparagine-glucose. The mixture of asparagine and glucose in equal molar ratio, and then heated at 125, 150, 175 and $200^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20 and 30 minute, respectively. The reaction products were extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol, and then isolated and detected on FFAP capillary column and HP-5MS 5% phenyl methyl siloxane column by using GC/MS. Acrylamide was detected only from methanol extracts and on FFAP capillary column, at retention time 23.53 min., and the detection limit was 4.6 ng. Acrylamide content mainly increased with increasing temperature and processing time till $175^{\circ}C$, therefore, maximal acrylamide formation occurred at $175^{\circ}C$ for 10 minute ($116{\mu}g/g$), while, above $175^{\circ}C$, higher temperatures or prolonged processing times caused a decrease of acrylamide levels, finally disappeared at $200^{\circ}C$ for 30 minute. Three major compounds were identified as 1,3-dihydroxypropanone, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyrane-4-one and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and three minor compounds also as 5-methylfurfural, 2-acetylpyrrole and N,N-dimethylcyclohexamine, from ethyl acetate or methanol extracts on FFAP or HP-5MS capillary column.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.603-612
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• 2012

In order to select potato clones for making cold chip, this study analyzed the glucose content, acrylamide content, and the correlation between the two properties after harvest, $4^{\circ}C$ and $8^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage, and $20^{\circ}C$ heating treatment of 47 breeding clones and control cultivars 'Atlantic', 'Sumi', and 'Gui Valley'. In all of the control cultivars and 47 clones, glucose content was below 0.25% and acrylamide content was below 1000 ppb just after harvest, but after $4^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage both the glucose content and acrylamide content increased rapidly and only 4 clones H7, H13, H16, and H40 showed a level below 500 ppb. In $8^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage as well both contents increased, but the increase was relatively smaller than that in $4^{\circ}C$ low-temperature storage. In addition, $20^{\circ}C$ heating treatment decreased both contents. In the results of analyzing the correlation between glucose content and acrylamide content at low-temperature storage, a positive correlation was observed. In conclusion, clones H7, H13, H16, and H40 showing low glucose content even at low-temperature treatment were found to contain less acrylamide and therefore they were selected as potato clones suitable for making cold chip.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.413-414
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• 2003

폴리아마이드 섬유, 즉 나일론 섬유에 응용될 수 있는 여러 종류의 이온성 염료들 중에서 섬유분자와 염료의 결합특성에 기인하는 산성염료의 사용이 현재 주를 이루고 있지만 결합력에서 기인하는 염료의 탈착으로 말미암아 색상강도의 저하 및 첨부포에의 오염이 문제가 되고 있다. 또한 함금속 염료를 이용한 방법에서는 세탁 및 일광에 대한 견뢰도 향상은 얻을 수 있지만, 원하는 수준의 견뢰도를 얻기 위해서는 후처리의 적용도 고려되어진다. 반응성 염료$^{1.2)}$ 를 이용한 염색은 셀룰로오스 섬유에의 적용이 대부분이며, 양모 및 견에 대한 응용도 발표되고 있다. (중략)

• 발명특허
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• v.9 no.5 s.99
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• pp.46-47
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• 1984