• Title/Summary/Keyword: 아교

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Immunohistochemical Localization of Nerve Growth Factor, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in the Forebrain of the Developing Mongolian Gerbil (발생중인 Mongolian gerbil의 전뇌에서 NGF, GFAP 및 CNTF의 분포)

  • Park, Il-Kwon;Lee, Kyoug-Youl;Song, Chi-Won;Kwon, Hyo-Jung;Park, Mi-Sun;Lee, Mi-Young;Jeong, Young-Gil;Lee, Chul-Ho;Ha, Kwon-Soo;Lee, Kang-Yi;Kim, Moo-Kang
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 2002
  • The immunohistochemical localization of the nerve growth factor (NGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNIF) in the developing Mongolian gerbil forebrain was investigated by the immunohistochemical and electron microscopy methods. Generally, the NGF specifically recognizes the neurons, the GFAP does the glia, and the CNIF does the motor neurons. This study demonstrates the location of the NGF, GFAP and CNTF in the developing Mongolian gerbil from the embryonic days 17 (E17) to the postnatal weeks 3 (PNW 3). The NGF was localized at E19 in the olfactocy bulb and the cerebral cortex, expanded to the hippocampus, and the diagonal bond from the late prenatal period to PNW 3. GFAP was observed in the lateral ventricle and the third ventricle at E17, projected into the cerebral cortex at E19. The GFAP was observed to have the largest numbers in several parts of the forebrain at the postnatal days 2 (PND2), while the most numerous CNTF was observed at PNW 2. The CNTF-IR cells were observed only in the postnatal days and were found in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex both neuron and neuroglia at PND3. Electron microscopy showed that the NGF, GFAP and CNTF were not related to any connections with any particular subcellular structure. These results suggest that NGF, GFAP and CNTF be related to the neuron and neuroglia at the prenatal and postnatal stages in the developing Mongolian gerbil.

Neuroglial Cells and Schizophrenia (신경아교세포와 조현병)

  • Won, Seunghee
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.47-54
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    • 2015
  • In the past decade, structural, molecular, and functional changes in glial cells have become a major focus in the search for the neurobiological foundations of schizophrenia. Glial cells, consisting of oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and nerve/glial antigen 2-positive cells, constitute a major cell population in the central nervous system. There is accumulating evidence of reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes and altered expression of myelin/oligodendrocyte-related genes that might explain the white matter abnormalities and altered inter- and intra-hemispheric connectivities that are characteristic signs of schizophrenia. Astrocytes play a key role in the synaptic metabolism of neurotransmitters ; thus, astrocyte dysfunction may contribute to certain aspects of altered neurotransmission in schizophrenia. Increased densities of microglial cells and aberrant expression of microglia-related surface markers in schizophrenia suggest that immunological/inflammatory factors are of considerable relevance to the pathophysiology of psychosis. This review describes current evidence for the multifaceted role of glial cells in schizophrenia and discusses efforts to develop glia-directed therapies for the treatment of the disease.

Neuroglia and Mood Disorder (신경아교세포와 기분장애)

  • Lee, Jung Goo;Seo, Mi Kyong;Park, Sung Woo;Kim, Young Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2015
  • Mood disorder is a common psychiatric illness with a high lifetime prevalence in the general population. A serious problem such as suicide is commonly occurring in the patients with depression. Till now, the monoamine hypothesis has been the most popular theory of pathogenesis for depression. However, the more specific pathophysiology of depression and cellular molecular mechanism underlying action of commercial antidepressants have not been clearly defined. Several recent studies demonstrated that glial cells, especially astrocytes, are a promising answer to the pathophysiology of depression. In this article, current understanding of biology and molecular mechanisms of glial cells in the pathology of mood disorder and new research on the pathophysiology of depression will be discussed.

Study on Early Childhood Teachers' Self-Image by Metaphoric Pictures of Occupation (직업은유그림에 의한 영유아교사의 자아상 연구)

  • Baik, Eun-Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.45 no.8
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    • pp.77-89
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate early childhood teachers' self-image by metaphoric pictures of occupation. The sample consisted of 311 early childhood teachers in kindergarten or day-care center. Teachers were asked them to match their image of themselves as early childhood teachers with metaphoric pictures of occupation. The major results were as follows. First, kindergarten teachers chose conductor, entertainer, nurse, sculptor, shopkeeper, animal trainer, judge by turns and day-care center teachers chose nurse, sculptor, conductor, entertainer, shopkeeper, judge, animal trainer by turns. Second, the reason for selecting the metaphoric pictures of occupation as their self-image was analyzed into 16 categories.

A Study on the Technique of Manufacturing Korean Traditional Ink Sticks (한국(韓國) 전통(傳統) 묵(墨)의 제조법(製造法)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Park, Moon-Year
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.39 no.3
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    • pp.457-477
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this experimental study is to analyze the techniques of producing the traditional Korean ink sticks, in order to restore them. The major findings are as follows: (1) Korean traditional ink is a name which people generically calls a block of ink mass made from soots and pine pitch, and it can be classified into pine-pitch ink and oil-pitch ink according to the type of soot. (2) Pine-pitch ink is made from soot of burnt pine trees, and oil-pitch ink is made from soot of burnt plant, animal or mineral oil. Both are mixed with glue made from resin, and hardened into block form. (3) Raw materials of ink include soot, glue made from resin, and spices, and the techniques of making Korean traditional inks were documented in etc. (4) The techniques of making Korean traditional inks have not been handed down, but some craftsmen in modern Korea have restored those traditional techniques.

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The Study of vegetation Structure and Soil Characteristics in Koelreuteria paniculata Communities of Anmyondo and Gunhung-Myon, Taean-Gun (안면도 및 태안군 근흥면 모감주나무군락의 식생구조 및 토양특성에 관한 연구)

  • Song, Ho-Kyung;Park, Kwan-Soo;Lee, Sun;Lee, Mi-Jung;Ji, Yoon-Eui
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2000
  • The vegetation structure and soil characteristics in Koelreuteria paniculata communities of Taean-Gun and Anmyondo were studied. The Koelreuteria paniculata community in Anmyondo had two vegetation layers, lower-tree and herb layers, but the Koelreuteria paniculata community in Anmyondo had three vegetation layers, subtree, shrub, and herb layers. Also the Koelreuteria paniculata was only the species of subtree layers in the Koelreuteria paniculata community of Anmyondo, but the subtree layer in the Koelreuteria paniculata community of Taean-Gun consisted of Pinus thunbergii, Cornus walteri, Celtis jessoensis, Celtis sinensis, and Evodia danielii. The soil organic matter, total N, available P, CEC, and exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations were greater in the two Koelreuteria paniculata community than in the adjacent forest. The range of soil pH in the two Koelreuteria paniculata communities were 6.3-7.0, but those in adjacent forests were 4.7-5.5. [Dierssen scale, Vegetation classification, Forest soil] .

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A Study on the Application of Dobak-glue for Fixation Painting Layer of Earthen Mural (토벽화 채색층 고착처리를 위한 도박풀 적용 연구)

  • Kim, Seol Hui;Han, Kyeong Soon;Lee, Hwa Soo
    • Journal of Conservation Science
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.553-564
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    • 2017
  • This report compared and analyzed the degree of surface change and results of a deterioration experiment to assess the possibility of using Dobak glue as an adhesive in the fossilizing treatment of the paint layer in earthen mural paintings. The weathering experiments were performed with a color-difference meter (CR-400, MINOLTA). After the experiment, Cinnabar 3% specimens, which exhibited diverse changes in the durability test, were additionally tested with a reflection-transmission device (CARY-5000, AGILENT). Post UV degradation, most of the Dobak-glue samples exhibited lesser color change than animal-glue samples, and after moisture absorption and drying, the 0.5% and 3% Dobak samples displayed a lower degree of change in the value of color difference. Furthermore, results of the reflection-transmission test after deterioration indicated that Dobak glue presented a lesser color change than animal glue. Therefore, if Dobak glue is used as a consolidating agent, discoloration on account of degradation is minimal.