• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.327-339
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• 2006

We have investigated the distribution of major local foods cultivated in Gwangju City and Jeollanam-Do in order to understand the food culture of Honam region. The local foods were divided into 4 classes: agricultural, aquatic, animal and other products. 124 species of local foods, including 51 agricultural products, 50 aquatic products, 6 animal products and 17 others, were identified from this region. In Jeollanam-Do area, the agricultural products have a variety of fruits and vegetables, and aquatic products have fishes. In particular, rice, cucumber, pear, anchovy, oyster, laver, oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, and honey were determined as major local foods in Jeollanam-Do area. Note that Mudeungsan watermelon is cultivated in Gwangju, and sweet smelt and cat fish caught only in Sumjin river and Tamjin river area. In recent years, pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne), paprika, kiwi and melon were determined as major local foods in Jeollanam-Do. Furthermore, branding strategy of agricultural and animal products can be said to improve. Wild types of aquatic productions, mushrooms and wild edible greens have been decreasing, whereas cultivated production increasing. The kinds of special local foods in Gwangju City and Jeollanamdo area were influenced by geographical, religious and social factors.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.383-390
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• 1990

Alcoholic distillery waste was utilized as dual purposes to produce citric acid and to reduce the amount of waste to be treated. Enzyme and acid hydrolysis of this waste were studied to suggest effective way of present purpose. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this naked barley alcoholic distillery waste by $\alpha$-and $\beta$-amylase gave glucose as 8g/l concentration at $55^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours, which produced 1g/l citric acid and 5.33g/l mycelial. This waste material hydrolyzed with 25% HCl at $120^{\circ}C$ showed 21.5g/l glucose and produced 1.75g/l citric acid with 4.9g/1 mycelial. The glucose concentration was decreased to 3.44g/l by further 2nd acid hydrolysis because the monosugars were decomposed at prolonged hydrolysis conditions. The addition of 3g/l $NH_4NO_3$ increased the mycelial growth but reduced the amount of citric acid formed. The formation of citric acid was increased at low concentration of manganese ion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.743-752
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the quality characteristics of spirits derived from fruit using copper distillation equipment. First, optimal yeast strains were chosen through a fermentation test on raw materials (apples, mandarins and rowanberries). The normal fermentation condition for rowanberries observed at a rowanberry concentration of 8% during mashing included chaptalization with sugar to increase the alcohol content. During the mashing, fruits were fermented and distilled through one of three different types of distillation apparatuses (pot distiller, vacuum distiller, or multistage distiller made of copper). The results revealed that the type of apparatus used affects the content of alcohol and flavor components. The distilled spirits prepared through a copper multistage distiller had a much higher tendency to retain components of fruit aromas such as ethyl acetate and provided higher yields than spirits prepared with a pot distiller or vacuum distiller. Thus, the copper multistage distiller apparatus can be applied to positively influence the taste and flavor of fruit distilled spirits by enhancing fruit aromas, removing impurities such as sulfur components and enhancing yields.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

Recently, rice growth and production have been influenced by climatic change worldwide. In particular, under low solar radiation and cloudy weather, rice plants show abnormal physiological responses. In this experiment, plants of the rice cultivar Samgwangbyeo grown 40% and 70% shading and natural conditions at the primordium initiation stage (PI) for 30 days and the booting stage for 10 days up to heading were compared. After shading treatments, culm lengths were significnatly longer than that in natural condition plots, and panicle lengths were shorter in the 40% and 70% shading treatment plots compared to control plots. After heading, the production of dry matter treated at the PI stage was significantly lower than that at the booting stage. SPAD values of the leaf color and N concentration of leaves treated with shading were greater than those under natural conditions. In the shading treatment, the lodging index at 20 days after heading was significantly higher than that in natural condition. For yield components, number of panicles, spikelet number per panicle, and ripened grain ratio significantly decreased with shading treatment; thus, rice yield decreased significantly. For rice quality, the protein content of the head rice treated with shading was significantly higher than that in the control plot, but the amylose content of rice treated with shading was signifiantly lower than that in rice in control plots.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.492-492
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• 2018

'물발자국(Water Footprint)' 개념은 가상수의 개념이 확장된 것으로 제품 생산과 서비스 전 과정에서 사용된 물의 양을 나타낸다. 따라서 한 국가내의 수자원 총량의 산출 시에 국제 무역을 통해 수출-수입되는 가상수의 양까지 고려하여 국가 물 총합(Water Budget)을 계산한다. 본 연구는 가상수의 수자원 활용에 관한 산업적 차원의 비교를 위하여 산업별 물발자국 산정모델을 구축하고자 하였다. 산업별 물발자국을 산정하기 위하여 첫째, 산업별 용수사용량에 기초하여 물발자국을 산정하였고, 둘째, 단위 물발자국에 기초하여 산업별 물발자국을 산정하였다. 먼저 산업별 용수사용량에 기초한 물발자국 산정은 하향식 접근법을 적용하였다. 국가 산업별 물발자국을 산정한 결과, 산업 전체 물발자국은 약 330억$m^3$이며 그 중 농업계가 연간 118.8억$m^3$으로 전체 물발자국의 36%를 차지하였다. 그 다음은 생활계로 전체의 34%인 111억 4천만$m^3$이다. 축산계의 물 사용량은 연간 2억 6천 7백만$m^3$ 정도이지만, 오염물질을 정화하는데 필요한 물인 회색수의 양이 많아 물발자국이 73억 $m^3$으로 비교적 높게 산정되었다. 공업계의 가상수량은 연간 26억$m^3$으로 타 산업에 비하여 오염부하량이 높지 않아 회색수량이 작게 나타났다. 다음으로 단위 물발자국에 기초하여 산업별 물발자국을 산정하였다. 단위 물발자국과 생산량을 활용하여 산정하는 상향식 접근법을 활용하였다. 1980년대부터 2014년까지 쌀 외 18개 품목에 대한 농산물 생산의 물발자국을 산정한 결과, 전체 물발자국은 평균 90억$m^3$으로 추정되었다. 한편, 2차 산업의 물발자국은 산업연관분석을 활용하여 산정하였다. 산업연관분석을 위하여 한국은행의 산업연관표와 경제총조사의 용수비 항목을 활용하였다. 2차 산업의 총 물발자국을 산정한 결과, 60억 $m^3$으로 추정되었다. 3차 산업의 물발자국도 이와 동일한 방식으로 산업연관표를 활용하여 산정하였다. 산업연관분석을 활용한 3차 산업의 물발자국 산정한 결과, 숙박 및 음식점업에서의 물발자국이 가장 큰 것으로 산정되었다. 이에 따라 Case Study로서 국내 워터파크 대상으로 물발자국을 산정하였다. 자료가 없는 부분을 제외하고 연간 총 840만 $m^3$의 물발자국을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 중 직접수는 70만 $m^3$, 간접수는 770만 $m^3$으로 간접수의 비율이 92%를 차지하였다.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

The water fern Azolla belongs to the Azollaceae and forms a symbiotic association with a $N_2$-fixing cyanobacterium, referred to as Anabaena azollae, and this association has currently been demonstrated to have potential as a nitrogen source for rice production. Because of that, Azolla fern has been used not only as organic manure in southern China and northern Vietnam for a long time but also as food for animate creatures in the underwater and decontaminant in the water. However, the phenolic compounds and active materials of Azolla have not been examined in detail in the past studies. In the present study, anti-oxidant ability test and experiment to find a particular active material of Azolla imbricata and Azolla imbricata fraction (AIF) were performed. In anti-oxidant test such as DPPH test and lipoxygenase inhibition test, the value of test represented high activities compared with authentic sample - green tea and NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid). In MMP-1 test, related to collagen protection and elasticity of skin, its inhibitory effect was measured over 75 %, and the phenolic compounds of AIF related with this activity were confirmed luteolin derivatives by using FT-IR spectroscopy, element analyzer (EA) and Liquid chromatography-MASS spectroscopy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2024

This study divided the area capable of producing domestic forage into grazing pasture, hay production area, and silage crop area, calculated the required area according to the forage production volume, and examined whether self-sufficiency in forage leads to cost savings. When the self-sufficiency rate of forage for dairy cows and Hanwoo is 80%, the improvement in profitability per heaf ranges from 3% to 9%, typically around 5%, which is considered a significant benefit for both corporate and individual businesses. The average profit per ranch is expected to increase about KRW 50 million per year, and the country as a whole is expected to reduce forage costs by KRW 0.9 trillion per year. Recently, efforts are being made by the government and local authorities to cultivate summer forage at the rice fields for improving self-sufficiency in forage feed to stabilize rice supply and demand. Furthermore, it is also necessary to conduct research on reducing the cost of concentrated feed and TMR (Total mixed ration).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.6-15
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• 1973

In an attempt to develop composite flours based on raw materials available in Korea, six domestic resources were investigated with respect to their physical and chemical properties, nutritive value and economy. The results are summarized as follows: 1) Flours from naked barley, sweet potato, potato, corn, defatted rice bran and defatted soybean were compared in respect of their proximate composition, thiamine content and protein score. 2) In color comparison, naked barley and defatted soy flours were comparable to wheat flour whereas corn and sweet potato flours were a little inferior. In raising power, naked barley and defatted soy flours were similar to wheat flour and others were inferior. 3) In maximum viscosity of flours by amylograph, naked barley, corn and potato flours were higher than wheat flour and others were lower. In viscosity in cooling, corn flour was similar to wheat flour and naked barley and potato flours were lower. Addition of $10{\sim}20%$ defatted soy flour into other flours generally caused the lowering of viscosity. Addition of emulsifiers such as glyceryl monostearate, calcium stearyl lactylate, Methocel and Emulthin into the flours manifested different effects on the amylogram. 4) In nutritional test by rat, diets consisting of naked barley, sweet potato, potato or corn flours, each containing defatted soy flour (at 10% level with exception of 20% for sweet potato flour) and naked barley flour fortified with lysine were similar to wheat flour in digestibility, but were superior in NPU and biological value. 5) In price estimation, sweet potato and corn flours were competitive with wheat flour, but naked barley flour was a little expensive. On the other hand, barley and sweet potato are promising in terms of domestic production.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2013

Coal ash can be added to agricultural soils to increase the chemical properties of soil such as pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient availability of - B, Ca, Mo etc-. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of fly ash as a soil amendment in paddy soils. Selected fly ash was mixed with bentonite and calcium hydroxide at the ratio of 80:15:5 (w/w) and manufactured as a pellet type at the size of 10 mm. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of fly ash fertilizer on the soil quality and crop growth compare to the control (no fertilizer) and, - traditional fertilizer. Results showed that soil pH and organic matter in paddy soils after applying the manufactured fly ash fertilizer were not increased compared to the other two treatments. However, the concentration of available phosphate and silicate in paddy soils were higher than those of the control and traditional fertilization. With regard to crop growth, no significant difference was observed between three different treatments. However, the content of protein in the rice grain cultivated with the fly ash fertilizer was higher than in the rice cultivated by other two treatments. Overall, fly ash fertilizer could increase the concentration of available silicate and phosphate in the paddy soil and improve the rice quality. In conclusion, fly ash can be utilized in agricultural soils as soil amendment, especially in the rice paddy soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-115
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• 2007

Objective of this study was to assess the efficient rice cultivation practice to mitigate the non-point source pollutants loading to the adjacent watershed. Cultivation practices consisted of machine transplanting, direct seeding on dry paddy, and no tillage in which no fertilizer and pesticide were applied to paddy field. Water in drainage canal was used as irrigation source during the entire rice growing season. Loading of the non-point source pollutants to the adjacent small stream was mitigated by all treatments. Rice yield, total biomass (rice + weeds), and uptake T-N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$ were higher in machine transplanting practice than those in direct seeding and no tillage practices. However, the purification effects of non-point source pollutants were followed in orders of no tillage > direct seeding > machine transplanting due to quantity of irrigation water. The annual purification quantity of T-N, T-P, and K by rice cultivations ranged from 46 to 369 kg $ha^{-1}$, 4.1 to 16.4 kg $ha^{-1}$, and 55 to 238 kg $ha^{-1}$, respectively, during the entire rice growing season. Results revealed that no tillage practice of rice cultivation was the best management option in reducing the loading of the non-point source pollutants from the drainage canal into stream.