• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.231-234
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• 2015

This study measured the tibial plateau angle (TPA), a value that predicts cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) and a prerequisite for dynamic stabilization, in small breed dogs. The cadavers of 32 skeletally mature small breed dogs without CCLR were used to measure TPA. Differences were evaluated between males and females, left and right limbs, and among breeds. The mean TPA of all dogs was $26.13^{\circ}{\pm}2.33^{\circ}$. The mean TPAs of left and right limbs were $26.00^{\circ}{\pm}2.23^{\circ}$ and $26.26^{\circ}{\pm}2.45^{\circ}$, respectively, which was not a significant difference. The mean TPAs of male and female dogs were $26.01^{\circ}{\pm}1.57^{\circ}$ and $26^{\circ}.22{\pm}2.80^{\circ}$, respectively, which was also not significant difference. The mean TPAs in Maltese, Poodle, Shih Tzu, and Yorkshire terrier were $26.06^{\circ}{\pm}2.96^{\circ}$, $25.21^{\circ}{\pm}1.38^{\circ}$, $26.65^{\circ}{\pm}2.96^{\circ}$, and $26.27^{\circ}{\pm}1.61^{\circ}$, respectively. Differences in these means were not statistically significant. The TPA measured from this study could provide important information for further investigation of the pathogenesis of and surgical techniques for CCLR in small breed dogs.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 2005

The concentration of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in synovial fluid of normal stifle joint was investigated in order to establish a baseline data to distinguish between healthy joint and joint with injury of cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). Twenty three mixed-breed healthy dogs free from joint diseases (fourteen adult and nine young) were used in this study. The dogs were sedated and synovial fluid was collected from the femoropatellar compartment of stifle joints by direct arthrocentesis. The concentration of TRAP in synovial fluid was determined using the method of Lang. The concentration of TRAP were $0.083{\pm}0.039$ IU/ml in adult dogs, $0.064{\pm}0.023$ IU/ml in young dogs, $0.075{\pm}0.028$ IU/ml in large dogs (>22 kg), $0.076{\pm}0.046$ IU/ml in small dogs (<22 kg), $0.085{\pm}0.036$ IU/ml in neutered dogs and $0.056{\pm}0.022$ IU/ml in intact dogs. The concentration of TRAP in the neutered dogs was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the intact dogs. This data can be used baseline data for a comparison with joint with injury of cranial cruciate ligament.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the compensatory mechanism in vivo and develop the treatment guide by performing the comprehensive functional tests of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient subjects. Material and Methods: 10 PCL deficient subjects and 10 healthy control group were evaluated. Performed functional tests were range of motion, posterior drawer test, Telos, 30$^{\circ}$ flexion wt-bearing view, KT-1000 arthrometer, gait analysis, EMG test and isokinetic tests. Results: Physical, KT-1000, Telos posterior tests showed significant differences, but 300 full weight bearing lateral view, muscle strength test revealed no difference between two groups. Less knee flexion at initial contact and reduced maximum valgus moment were observed in PCL deficient group. In vertical drop landing, PCL group had increased plantar flexion angle at initial contact. Conclusion: Compensatory mechanisms such as reduced unstable components and absorbing the maximal load of the joint were occurred after PCL insufficiency, which result in good clinical and functional outcomes. Further investigations would be needed to understand the functional adaptations of PCL deficient subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the mid term with long term follow up results of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)> reconstruction using patellar tendon. Materials and Methods : Seventy-six cases, which could be followed up more than 2 years were included in this study. They were classified into two groups, mid-term group(41 cases) with mean follow-up periods of 2 years and 10 months and long-term group(35 cases) off years and 6 months. Clinical and radiological results and peripatellar complications were evaluated & compared. Results . There was no statistically significant difference in radiological finding and anterior instability between two groups. However, the incidence of anterior knee pain, paresthesia at incision site, kneeling pain, crepitus and quadriceps weakness was lower in long-term group than in mid-term group. Conclusion : ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon graft could successfully restone the stability of knee joint, but there are some complications in donor site and patellofemoral joint. However this complications were gradually decreased with long term follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.128-133
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the changes of the patellar height, patellofemoral alignment and subjective symptom and to compare the effects of patellar tendon harvest after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using autograft and allograft. Materials and Method : ACL reconstruction was performed on 87 patients who were followed up for minimum 1 year. The group I was 52 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft and the group II was 35 patients who were operated with bone-patellar tendon-bone allograft and achilles tendon allograft. At the time of follow-up, the authors evaluated the patellar height by Blackburne-Peel method, Merchant congruence angle, Lateral patellofemoral angle and subjective symptoms were assessed. Results : The patellar heights were significantly decreased from 0.86 preoperatively to 0.80 postoperatively in the group I and from 0.87 preoperatively to 0.83 postoperatively in the group II. There were no significant differences in the lateral patellofemoral angles between the both groups but in the Merchant congruence angle, significant differences were observed in the both groups, from$-1.43^{\circ}$ preoperatively to-$5.43^{\circ}$ postoperalively in the group I and from$-1.53^{\circ}$ preoperatively to$-3.65^{\circ}$ postoperatively in the group II. Conclusion : After ACL reconstruction, the patellofemoral alignment was changed and this kind of changes may be caused by multiple factorials such as harvest of autografts, ACL reconstruction itself, and quadriceps muscle atrophy.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2009

Purpose: To investigate the causes of failure on ACL reconstructions and evaluate the effectiveness of one stage revision ACL reconstructions. Materials and Methods: From November 2004 to July 2008, thirty three patients who had got revision ACL recontstructions after reruptures of ACL were evaluated. The causes of failure of ACL reruptures were 22 vertical femoral tunnels, 7 neglected PLRI, 3 severe traumas and 1 deep infection after ACL reconstruction. The femoral tunnels were aimed at the 10 or 2 o'clock position and the tibial tunnels were used with previous tunnels. Previous femoral screws from the improper femoral tunnels were removed and filled with the new allograft bones. Results: The average periods of follow up were 22.2 months (12~52 months). There was improvement on an average Lysholm knee score from $61.5{\pm}16.8$ to $86.3{\pm}11.5$, IKDC score from $63.9{\pm}15.1$ to $81.3{\pm}14.3$. Mean side to side difference was decreased from $6.0{\pm}2.2\;mm$ to $1.6{\pm}1.4\;mm$ using KT-2000 arthrometer. Conclusion: One stage revision ACL reconstruction can be a useful method with good clinical results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.694-703
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• 2019

This study was to investigate the effect of therapeutic exercise with electrical stimulation on knee joint pain, range of motion and muscle strength in patients who underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The subjects of this study were recruited who diagnosed with anterior cruciate ligament rupture and undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, total of 20 patients were randomly divided to the 10 control groups and 10 experimental groups. The therapeutic exercise was carried out for 3 weeks with three exercises made by referring to the previous study. The measurement tools used were knee joint pain measurements were made using the visual analogue scale, range of motion was measured using a goniometer, and the muscle strength was measured using a handheld dynamometer. In the statistical analysis, to compare about pre and post test the difference in each same groups was accomplished by using the paired t-test, and compare the difference between the different each groups was accomplished by using the independent t-test. The results of the study showed that the experimental group showed significantly enhanced results than the control group(p<.05). Based on these results, it is concluded that it is effective for the recovery of the patient if the therapeutic exercise with electrical stimulation in parallel with knee joint therapy are performed for the patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.7-12
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.259-260
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• 2008

• 대한관절경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2009