• Land and Housing Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.47-66
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• 2023

This study reviews prior studies on the residential environment characteristics, residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness and housing movement of MZ generation and analyze the structural equation models using the 2020 Korea Housing Survey data. Using 14 residential characteristics based on three classifications, we explore the effects on residential satisfaction, residential ownership consciousness, and housing movement. The empirical results are summarized as follows. First, based on factor analysis with Varimax of principal component analysis, parking facility items were excluded from the analysis by hindering validity, and as a result, KMO was 0.925 and Bartlett's test result showed a significant probability of less than 0.01. This indicates that the factor analysis model was suitable. Second, the results of the structural equation analysis for the MZ generation show that the surrounding environment, which is a potential variable of the residential environment characteristics, was statistically significant, but the accessibility and convenience were not statistically significant. Third, we find that the higher the satisfaction with the accessibility of commercial facilities, the more significant the sense of housing ownership appears. This suggests that the younger generation such as the MZ generation has a stronger desire for consumption. Fourth, the overall housing satisfaction of the MZ generation was significant for housing movement, but not for housing ownership. Compared to the industrialized generation, the baby boom generation, and the X generation, MZ generation shows distinct factors for housing satisfaction, housing ownership, and housing movement. Therefore, the residential environment characteristics of the residential survey should be improved and supplemented following the trend of the times. In addition, the government and local governments should prioritize actively participating in the housing market that suits the environment and characteristics of the target generation. Finally, our study provides implications regarding the need for housing-related research on how differ in special temporal situations such as COVID-19 in the future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2022

The shipping industry is cyclically impacted by complex variables such as various economic indicators, social events, and supply and demand. The purpose of this study was to analyze the operating profit of 13 Korean liner companies over 30 years, including the financial crisis of the late 1990s, the global financial crisis of the late 2000s, and the COVID-19 global pandemic. This study was conducted to also identify factors that impacted the profit ratio of Korea's liner shipping companies according to economic conditions. It was divided into ocean-going and short-sea shipping, reflecting the characteristics of liner shipping companies, and was analyzed by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The time series data are based on the Korean International Financial Reporting Standards (K-IFRS) and comprise seaborne trade volume, fleet evolution, and macroeconomic indicators. The outliers representing the economic downturn due to social events were separately analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the China Container Freight Index (CCFI) positively impacted ocean-going as well as short-sea liner shipping companies. However, the Korean container shipping volume only impacted ocean-going liners positively. Additionally, world and Korea's GDP, world seaborne trade volume, and fuel price are factored in the operating profit of short sea liner shipping. Also, the GDP growth rate of China, exchange rate, and interest rate did not significantly impact both groups. Notably, the operating profitability of Korea's liner shipping shows an exceptionally high rate during the recessions of 1998 and 2020. It is paradoxical, and not correlated with the classical economic indicators. Unlike other studies, this paper focused on the operating profit before financial expenses, considering the complexity as well as difficulty in forecasting the shipping cycle, and rendered conclusions using relatively long-term empirical analysis, including three economic shocks.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.429-437
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• 2020

This study is aimed at exploring the current state, necessity and activation of curriculum related to image making program in domestic colleges. To achieve this, an empirical survey was carried out to college students to provide basic data for the development of image making education program in the college curriculum as a measure to guide job interviews with them and improve interpersonal skills of employees-to-be. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 400 college students in Gwangju and Jeonnam areas. The analysis was conducted to verify the collected data using SPSS v. 21.0 through the process of data coding and data cleaning. The results are as follows. First, the necessity of image making program curriculum showed that they needed the image making program in the college curriculum, the image making program curriculum to get a job and manage an image of employees-to-be after graduation, and other people's help to figure out the images objectively. Second, the educational importance of image making program showed that attitude (behavior) was the highest, followed by manners & greeting, look, speech, relationship, clothes, hairstyle, and makeup. In terms of the important educational factors of image making program, look was the highest, followed by makeup, hairstyle, attitude (behavior), relationship, speech, clothes, and manners & greeting, which look was the most important. Third, the educational influence of image making program showed that the influence on employment was the highest, followed by the influence on relationship, and the influence on life. Fourth, the educational activation of image making program showed that the appropriate educational time for image making program they want was from the second year. Education hours they want were once a week for one semester. And the curriculum they want was liberal arts or an optional course of liberal arts. In terms of image making program-related curriculum contents, manner & greeting was the highest, followed by makeup & coordination, job fair, education to acquire a skill qualification, and training for domestic companies, which their biggest wish was manner & greeting. And image making program leaders they want were major professors. In terms of image making program-related education, speech or voice was the highest, followed by education to analyze communication, education to analyze and practice matching hairstyles and makeup, Education on corporate interviews, and education on walking or posture correction, which their biggest wish was speech or voice and education to analyze communication.

• 지역과문화
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-98
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• 2020

An empirical study utilizing data was performed with a variable called 'strategic planning' for festivals in order to look into the impact of a cultural tourism festival on urban regeneration. As a success factor of a festival, strategic festival planning was drawn up, and the following hypotheses were set: Seven strategic factors verified through an exploratory factor analysis will have a positive impact on festival satisfaction (festival success) and on urban regeneration, and festival satisfaction will have a positive impact on urban regeneration by having a mediating effect on it. For the analysis, the Gimje Horizon Festival was selected as it was considered as a typical case of urban regeneration through a festival, and the relationship between the festival and urban regeneration was understood by conducting a combined analysis of a quantitative analysis through a survey, a literature search, field investigations and in-depth interviews. The quantitative analysis indicates that strategic planning has a positive impact on festival satisfaction (festival success) and on urban regeneration and that festival satisfaction has a positive impact on urban regeneration. The same study result as the quantitative analysis result was obtained even through a qualitative analysis. This shows that the higher the path coefficient of strategic planning, the higher the path coefficient of festival satisfaction and urban generation and that with better strategic planning, the effects of festival satisfaction and urban regeneration are maximized. In other words, when planning and implementing a festival by actively incorporating the seven strategic planning factors which were suggested as festival success factors earlier in this study beginning from the stage of festival planning, it is likely to have a positive impact not only on the success of the festival but also on urban regeneration. This is an implication that gives a new alternative to software-based urban regeneration through festivals. It is meaningful to present the importance of festival planning and the direction of planning to maximize the effect of urban regeneration to festival planners and urban regeneration experts. This study is believed to serve as a momentum for people to take a new approach to studies on festivals and urban regeneration utilizing software in the future.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.56
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• pp.39-87
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• 2020

This study empirically analyzed the value conflicts of cultural administration based on the needs of axiological discussions and the differences in intersubjectivity among the cultural administration groups and the contradicting attributes of culture and administration. The study classified the stakeholders into administrative staff, planners, and artists to compare their value priorities of publicness in cultural administration. A classification analysis was also conducted based on the normative by each group and the value distribution on a 2×2 value matrix between autonomy and accountability and fairness and efficiency. Based on the results of the quantitative study, the awareness of the relationships among the groups and cause and effects of value conflicts was analyzed through in-depth interviews. Thus, the study aimed to identify the directions for value distribution wherein the values of administration and culture can coexist and determine the implications of expanding this mutual understanding. The results revealed that in the conflict between autonomy and accountability, all groups had a greater awareness of accountability. In terms of normative aspects, it was possible to see a normative value line with an emphasis on autonomy, rather than on accountability from the lower stages on the budget hierarchy (administrators at the top, followed by planners and artists). In the conflict between autonomy and accountability, the size of dissonance between appropriateness and reality was the largest among the groups in the lower stages of the budget hierarchy, and became larger along the order of administrators, planners, and artists. In the conflict between efficiency and fairness, all groups had a greater awareness of efficiency. In terms of fairness in normative aspects, emphasis was placed on was artists, administrators, and planners, in that order. The size of dissonance between efficiency and fairness by groups became larger along the order of budget hierarchy-administrators, planners, and artists. Based on the results, the study compared and analyzed the 2×2 value matrix between the normative and actualities by groups. The normative value distribution emphasized Type 1 (accountability x fairness) as seeking communitarianism values through culture and Type 2 (autonomy x fairness) as seeking balanced values of cultural freedom of individualsonabalance. However, in actualities, although the communitarianism values of Type 1 were considered important, there were no distributions to the liberal values of Type 2, rather to the economic values of culture from Type 4 (accountability x efficiency). In summary, the Korean cultural administration isunderapressureof value distribution to emphasize the communitarianism and economic rather than liberal values, through bureaucratic control in actualities compared with the normative. This study will have significant implications on value distribution decision-making by groups and political implementations within the purview of cultural administration.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2022

This study was conducted to diversify the cultivation of mushroom items and develop a competitive variety of Hypsizigus marmoreus. We focused on developing Hypsizigus marmoreus with lower bitterness, likable shape, and high yield. We have collected and tested characteristics of genetic resources from domestic and abroad since 2019. Breeding (2019), characterization (2020), productivity test (2021), and farm demonstration test (2021) have been sequentially conducted. We bred the new variety 'Yunseul' with unique traits. The optimal temperature for mycelial and fruit body growth were 22-25℃ and 15-18℃, respectively. It was similar to the control variety (Mangadak-2Ho) in the pileus form (hemispherical shape) and the cultivation period. However, it was thinner and longer than the control variety with the pileus diameter, thickness, stipe diameter, and length being 19.9 mm, 7.0 mm, 9.4 mm, and 86.3 mm, respectively. The effective number of fruit bodies was 47.8 in bottle cultivation, which was more than that of the control variety. The yield was 197.4 g/bottle (1,100 cc), which was 30% higher than the yield of the control variety, 151.9 g/bottle (1,100 cc). The parent and control varieties were also incubated alongside the new variety. The somatic incompatibility line was distinct. The band pattern in the mycelial DNA PCR reaction was different from that of the parent and control varieties, confirming the hybrid species.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.197-211
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• 2021

In the service industry the types are diversifying and the scale of service companies is greatly improving. Such a phenomenon is caused by economic growth and technological development diversifying consumer needs creating demand for new services maturing the service industry and intensifying competition among companies in the form of global competition. It can be said that this is because it is necessary to improve competitiveness by utilizing the economy of scale. Research is needed on the impact of entrepreneurship on various outcome variables in order for service organization managers to respond quickly to diverse and rapidly changing environments and achieve organizational outcomes and corporate goals of management outcomes. The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the relationship in which the entrepreneurial spirit of a manager influences the relationship between customer orientation, which is an organizational result, customer satisfaction, and financial result, which is a management result. In order to verify such research, the questionnaire was composed of one business owner questionnaire, two employee questionnaires, and two customer questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed to a total of 400 companies, and the questionnaires of 340 companies were collected. Of these, 303 companies, excluding the questionnaires of 37 companies with many dishonest or missing values, were used for hypothesis testing. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, entrepreneurship had a positive (+) effect on customer orientation, supporting the hypothesis. Second, customer orientation showed a positive (+) effect on customer satisfaction, supporting the hypothesis. Third, customer satisfaction showed a positive (+) effect on financial outcomes, supporting the hypothesis. Fourth, it was found that entrepreneurship influences customer satisfaction through customer orientation, and customer satisfaction affects financial outcomes. It turns out that customer orientation between entrepreneurship and customer satisfaction is completely mediated, and customer satisfaction is completely mediated by customer orientation and financial outcomes. The relationship between entrepreneurship and management improved employee behavior and attitudes, which is an individual outcome, and this change was found to improve customer satisfaction, which is an organizational outcome. It makes frequent contact with customers in the process of servicing them. Employee roles are important at service contacts and influence service purchases. Employees facing customers through service contacts act as a decisive factor in maintaining a continuous relationship with customers. Within a beauty service company, it is necessary to create a customer-oriented environment among workers. It suggests that customer-oriented companies and employees can anticipate their desires and provide products or services of superior value to achieve greater customer satisfaction and a competitive advantage. In addition, it was clarified that customer satisfaction has an aspect relationship with financial management, which is a management result. Therefore, it is suggested that the entrepreneurial spirit is an important factor for the management of a beauty service company to secure competitiveness and improve results.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2023

The in-situ remediation of a solidified stratum containing a large amount of fine-texture material like clay or organic matter in contaminated soil faces limitations such as increased remediation cost resulting from decreased purification efficiency. Even if the soil conditions are good, remediation generally requires a long time to complete because of non-uniform soil properties and low permeability. This study assessed the remediation effect and evaluated the field applicability of a methodology that combines pneumatic fracturing, vacuum extraction, and plasma blasting (the PPV method) to improve the limitations facing existing underground remediation methods. For comparison, underground remediation was performed over 80 days using the experimental PPV method and chemical oxidation (the control method). The control group showed no decrease in the degree of contamination due to the poor delivery of the soil remediation agent, whereas the PPV method clearly reduced the degree of contamination during the remediation period. Remediation effect, as assessed by the reduction of the highest TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) concentration by distance from the injection well, was uncleared in the control group, whereas the PPV method showed a remediation effect of 62.6% within a 1 m radius of the injection well radius, 90.1% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 92.1% within 2.1~3.0 m. When evaluating the remediation efficiency by considering the average rate of TPH concentration reduction by distance from the injection well, the control group was not clear; in contrast, the PPV method showed 53.6% remediation effect within 1 m of the injection well, 82.4% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 68.7% within 2.1~3.0 m. Both ways of considering purification efficiency (based on changes in TPH maximum and average contamination concentration) found the PPV method to increase the remediation effect by 149.0~184.8% compared with the control group; its average increase in remediation effect was ~167%. The time taken to reduce contamination by 80% of the initial concentration was evaluated by deriving a correlation equation through analysis of the TPH concentration: the PPV method could reduce the purification time by 184.4% compared with chemical oxidation. However, the present evaluation of a single site cannot be equally applied to all strata, so additional research is necessary to explore more clearly the proposed method's effect.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2020

It is very important to explore new management theories that are better in line with the modern service economy era in order to cement the foundation of the service industry in this rapidly changing business environment. This study examined the relationship between service essentials and job performance by service industry, and verified and discussed in depth whether there is difference between service essentials and job performance by demographic characteristics. The results of this study are as follows: First, an analysis of the effect of service essentials on job performance found the interaction, horizontality and harmony of service essentials had positive effects on performance, but the relationship didn't. Next, an analysis of the effect of service essentials on job performance by representative service industry showed that in the transportation industry, interaction and harmony had positive effects on performance, but relationship and horizontality didn't affect performance. In the financial and insurance industries, horizontality and interaction had positive effects on performance, but harmony and relationship didn't affect performance. Accommodation and food industries, interaction, horizontality and harmony had positive effects on performance, but relationship didn't affect performance. In the medical and health industries, interaction and horizontality had positive effects on performance, but relationship and harmony didn't affect performance. In terms of demographic characteristics, in the financial and insurance industries, interaction and harmony showed a significant difference by age, but only horizontality showed a difference by the number of years of service. In the accommodation and food industries, only horizontality showed a difference depending on the number of years of service. In the medical and health industries, relationship, horizontality and harmony showed a difference depending on the number of years of service, but only horizontality showed a significant difference by marital status. In the future, comparative national studies are needed for all industrial groups.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.65-100
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• 2023

This study examines the effects of organizational trust of the container terminal operators' employee on organizational citizenship behavior and the moderating effect of organizational support in the relationship between the two variables. In order to efficiently achieve the purpose of this study, an empirical analysis was conducted by distributing a literature review and a questionnaire, and the results of the study are as follows... First, the organizational trust of the container terminal operators' employee was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on organizational citizenship behavior, and trust in the company appeared to be more important than trust in the superior, indicating trust in the institutional aspect. This means that formation has more influence on organizational citizenship behavior... Second, it was confirmed that the organizational support of the container terminal operators' employee can lead to active participation in organizational citizenship behavior through the expansion of educational compensatory support. Third, among the organizational support of container terminal operators, emotional support and educational compensatory support were found to have a partial moderating effect on the relationship between organizational trust and organizational citizenship behavior." Emotional support has a moderating effect on caring and active participation behaviors in the relationship between trust in the company and organizational citizenship behaviors, and a moderating effect on caring, active participation, and non-complaining behaviors in the relationship between trust in superiors and organizational citizenship behaviors. It was analyzed that there is Compensatory educational support has a moderating effect on altruistic, caring, active participation, and non-complaining behavior in the relationship between trust in the company and organizational citizenship behavior. It was analyzed that there was a moderating effect on active participation and non-complaining behavior. These analysis results mean that members' trust in the company further increases through the container terminal operator's emotional support and educational reward support. As uncertainty grows, it is very important to increase the trust of organizational members in the organization. sense of belonging to the organization, Emotional support that can increase immersion, improvement of work environment, provision of educational opportunities, and education-compensatory support such as a fair compensation system will increase organizational trust and induce effective organizational citizenship behavior to realize sustainable growth of the organization.