• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 2024

To evaluate the efficiency of commuting patterns, various commuting indicators such as excess commute and commuting potential utilized have been developed and used. It is crucial to calculate these indicators reasonably to reveal the differences in commuting patterns among metropolitan areas and to consider these in the process of formulating commuting policies. However, commuting indicators are generally calculated at the administrative district level, and thus, they are not free from the problem of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). This issue can undermine the rationality of comparing commuting efficiency between metropolitan areas, making it necessary to handle the calculation of commuting indicators carefully. Therefore, this study utilises Monte Carlo Simulation to calculate optimal, actual, and maximum commuting distances, and thereby presents the excess commute and the commuting potential utilized. To apply Monte Carlo Simulation to the context of South Korea, a constrained Monte Carlo Simulation is conducted, where residential and workplace locations used in the simulation are selected based on the actual locations of buildings. The analysis is conducted on 13 metropolitan areas with established metropolitan plans using the 2016 Household Travel Survey data. The commuting indicators calculated through the simulation showed minimal differences compared to the results obtained through conventional methods. The comparison of commuting efficiency among metropolitan areas revealed that even if the degree of spafial balance between residential and workplace locations is similar, the actual commuting patterns can differ significantly. It is suggested that further research considering characteristics such as the area of each metropolitan region will be necessary in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose a sustainable village-unit urban regeneration plan for the Ewha Mural Village, where mural artists recovered concrete fences to be followed by some residents damaging the mural paintings. Through a review of the existing literature and a preliminary survey, we derived the urban regeneration factors (environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and social sustainability) applicable at the village level. After an empirical survey on the residents, we tried to identify various problems of the Ewha Mural Village. Residents selected the factors of accessibility, parking management, diversity of industries, creation of new jobs, community participation of residents for the mural village's activation, and stable living spaces. In the case of Ewha Mural Village, physical environment factors for the residents at the time of construction were not considered and the village was mainly planned using budget-based murals. Since then, the inequality of economic benefits intensified the conflicts among the residents. In addition, public benefits, such as establishing new industries and employing outsiders, were not provided, and these facts appear to have led to an unsustainable murals village, in which the murals that are the protagonists of the village revitalization are being destroyed. Therefore, the urban regeneration of Ewha Mural Village should be designed considering a region where some residential areas can be transformed into tourist areas. In addition, it is essential to employ a win-win method to improve the living environment, such as road maintenance, not only partial economic benefits, such as increased land-value, and to increase resident's value as a common asset within the village itself.

• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.85-94
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• 1999

지식경영을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서 기업은 지식경영을 구성하고 있는 요소를 정확히 이해할 필요가 있고, 이러한 중요 요소에 따라 투자가 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 지식경영의 중요 요소들을 제시함으로써, 앞으로 지식경영을 계획하고 있는 기업이 효과적으로 지식경영을 추진할 수 있는 활동 지침 및 투자 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 본 연구에서는 각종 국내외 지식경영 관련 문헌에서 논의된 사항을 중심으로, 지식경영을 구성하는 30개의 중요요소를 추출하고, 분석계층도(AHP)를 이용하여 지식경영을 달성하기 위한 요소들을 위계적 구조로 정리하고, 최종단계에서 238개의 지식경영 구현의 평가기준을 마련하였다. 또한 실제로 지식경영 구현 요소들의 상대적 중요성을 파악하기 위해, 먼저 국내에서 지식경영을 추진하고 있으나 관심을 보이고 있는 48개 기업의 담당자를 대상으로 각 기업에서 추진하고 있는 지식경영의 현황 파악을 위해 지식경영 실천의 평가기준에 대한 설문을 실시하였다. 이 두 가지 설문 조사 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 기업에서는 지식경영 구현 요소 중에서 인프라 내의 프로세스와 프로세스를 구성하는 지식의 활용과 전파 등이 중요하다고 인식하고 있는 반면, 실제로는 인프라 내의 정보기술과 프로세스를 구성하는 다른 한 축인 지식의 창출과 축적 면에 투자가 이루어진 것으로 나타났다. 이 외에도 지식화, 성과와 가치의 연계 그리고 지식의 가시화 등의 요소들은 상대적 중요도 인식과는 반대로 지식경영 추진에 있어 외면당하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구는 지식 경영의 이러한 불균형을 시정할 수 있는 방향으로 앞으로의 투자가 수행되어야 할 것을 제안하고 있다. 알 수 있다.한 것으로 연구되었다. 정상조 직에 비해 산소가 부족하여 염기성대사(anaerobic metabolism)를 많이 함으로 그 부산물인 유산 (lactic acid)이 많이 생성됨으로 정상조직보다 pH가 낮아 암 조직이 정상조직에 비해 고온온열치료에 더 잘 듣는 원인이 된다. 3) 영양이 부족한 상태의 세포는 고온온열치료에 훨씬 예민하다. 4) 암조직은 혈관상태가 정상조직에 비해 좋지 않음으로 정상조직보다 쉽게 가온이 되며, 일단 가온된 온도는 잘 식지 않음으로 정상조직에 비해 훨씬 효율적이다. 5)고 온온열치료는 4$0^{\circ}C$~43.5 $^{\circ}C$정도에서만 이 작용이 일어남으로 정상인체에서 43$^{\circ}C$이상의 가온 은 쉽지 않음으로 이 효과는 암조직에서 주고 일어나게 된다. 6)고온온열치료는 방사선치료 후에 생기는 손상의 재생을 억제함으로 방사선의 치료효과를 높인다. 7)38.5$^{\circ}C$~41.5$^{\circ}C$의 낮 은 온도에서도 암조직의 산소 상태를 호전시켜 방사선 치료효과를 증대시키는 역할을 한다.alization)가 나타난다. 그러나 무의식에 대칭화만 있는 것은 아니며, 의식의 사고양식인 비대칭도 어느 정도 나타나며, 대칭화의 정도에 따라, 대상들이 잘 구분되어 있는 단계, 의식수준의 감정단계, 집단 내에서의 대칭화 단계, 집단간에서의 대칭화 단계, 구분이 없어지는 단계로 구분하였다.systems. We believe that this taxonomy is a significant contributi

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-128
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• 2006

A turnout system which permits trains to pass from one track to another is a combination of the switch, the crossing, lead rails which are necessary to connect the switch and the crossing, two guard rails and a switch machine for operating the switch. A turnout is the sole moving part among the railway components and has complex configuration, so the safety has always been raised an issue. In Korea, it is planned to adopt the high speed tilting train, which operates at the maximum speed of 200km/h, at conventional lines by the year of 2010. However, for the application of the tilting train to conventional lines, it is prerequisite to establish a stable turnout system allowing the tilting train to pass through it without reducing speed. Therefore, the improved turnout system for the speed-up of conventional lines has been developed and the prototype of the turnout system has been constructed. In this study, simulation of noise and vibration around the improved turnout system was performed in order to predict the generation level of noise and vibration due to passing of the tilting train through the turnout system.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.15 no.2 s.42
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• pp.213-227
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• 2005

This study aims to assess the problems with investigation method and to suggest the complementary solutions by comparing the predicted data from surface investigation with the outcome data from underground cavern. In the study area, one(NE-1) of 6 fracture zones predicted during the surface investigation was only confirmed in underground caverns. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the confidence level for prediction. In this study, the fracture classification criteria was quantitatively suggested on the basis of the BHTV images of NE-1 fracture zone. The major orientation of background fractures in rock mass was changed at the depth of the storage cavern, the length and intensity were decreased. These characteristics result in the deviation of predieted predicted fracture properties and generate the investigation bias depending on the bore hole directions and investigated scales. The evaluation of hydraulic connectivity in the surface investigation stage needs to be analyze by the groundwater pressures and hydrochemical properties from the monitoring bore hole(s) equipped with a double completion or multi-packer system during the test bore hole is pumping or injecting. The hydraulic conductivities in geometric mean measured in the underground caverns are 2-3 times lower than those from the surface and furthermore the horizontal hydraulic conductivity in geometric mean is six times lower than the vertical one. To improve confidence level of the hydraulic conductivity, the orientation of test hole should be considered during the analysis of the hydraulic conductivity and the methodology of hydro-testing and interpretation should be based on the characteristics of rock mass and investigation purposes.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2015

Atmospheric environment in Korea is influenced by outside, especially China. The concentrations of air pollutants in China have showed decreasing trends since 2000. However, these concentration levels in China are still higher than other developed countries. The Chinese Government has tried several measures to control the air pollution. In this study, the details of the amendments and smog reduction strategies in China, especially for Beijing are reviewed and the strategies for Korean side to promote cooperation in Northeast Asia are suggested and discussed. The Chinese State Council amended the Environmental Protection Provisions and Clean Air Act and announced The Action Plan for Air Pollution Control (2013-2017), focusing on three key regions, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area (Jing-Jin-Ji), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). These policy actions and plan are mainly for the reducing coal usage and emissions from vehicles. It is suggested that, Korea should actively promote multi-national cooperation in the region to take an initiative role in environmental areas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2011

The research was aimed to verify the feasibility of the model of Park-Based Mixed-Use Districts(PBMUD) around urban large park to secure private-based urban parks through the revision of the urban zoning system. The PBMUD is a type of urban zoning district in which park-oriented land use is mixed with the urban land uses of residents, advertising, business, culture, education and research. The PBMUD, delineated from and based on a new paradigm of landscape urbanism, is a new urban strategy to secure urban parks and to cultivate urban regeneration around parks and green spaces to enhance the quality of the urban landscape and to ameliorate urban environmental disasters like climate change. This study performed a questionnaire survey and analysis after a review of literature related to PBMUD. The study looked for specialists in the fields of urban planning and landscape architecture such as officials, researchers and engineers to respond to the questionnaire, which asked about degree of preference. The conclusions of this study were as follows. Firstly, specialists prefer the PBMUD at 79.3% for to 20.7% against ratio, indicating the feasibility of the model of PBMUD. The second, the most preferable reasons for the model, were the possibility of securing park space around urban parks and green spaces that assures access to park and communication with each area. The third, the main reason for non-preference for the model, was a lack of understanding of PBMUD added to the problems of unprofitable laws and regulations related to urban planning and development. These proposed a revision of the related laws and regulations such as the laws for planning and use of national land, laws for architecture etc. The fourth, the most preferred type of PBMUD, was cultural use mixed with park use in every kind of mix of land use. The degree of preference was lower in the order of use of commercial, residential, business, and education(research) when mixed with park use. The number of mixed-use amenities with in the park was found to be an indicator determining preference. The greater the number, the lower was preference frequencies, especially when related to research and business use. The fifth, the preference frequencies of the more than 70% among the respondents to the mixed-use ratio between park use and the others, was in a ratio of 60% park use and 40% other urban use. These research results will help to launch new future research subjects on the revision of zoning regulations in the laws for the planning and uses of national land and architectural law as well as criteria and indicators of subdivision planning as related to a PBMUD model.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.105-123
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• 2018

Currently, satellite images act as essential and important data in water resources, environment, and ecology as well as information of geographic information system. In this paper, we will investigate basic characteristics of satellite images, especially application examples in water resources. In recent years, researches on spatial and temporal characteristics of large-scale regions utilizing the advantages of satellite imagery have been actively conducted for fundamental hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture and natural disasters such as drought, flood, and heavy snow. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics such as vegetation characteristics, plant production, net primary production, turbidity of water bodies, chlorophyll concentration, and water quality by using various image information utilizing various sensor information of satellites. Korea is planning to launch a satellite for water resources and environment in the near future, so various researches are expected to be activated on this field.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.64-80
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• 2018

In Korea, citizens can only know general information about crime. Thus it is difficult to know how much they are exposed to crime. If the police can predict the crime risky area, it will be possible to cope with the crime efficiently even though insufficient police and enforcement resources. However, there is no prediction system in Korea and the related researches are very much poor. From these backgrounds, the final goal of this study is to develop an automated crime prediction system. However, for the first step, we build a big data set which consists of local real crime information and urban physical or non-physical data. Then, we developed a crime prediction model through machine learning method. Finally, we assumed several possible scenarios and calculated the probability of crime and visualized the results in a map so as to increase the people's understanding. Among the factors affecting the crime occurrence revealed in previous and case studies, data was processed in the form of a big data for machine learning: real crime information, weather information (temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity, sunshine, insolation, snowfall, cloud cover) and local information (average building coverage, average floor area ratio, average building height, number of buildings, average appraised land value, average area of residential building, average number of ground floor). Among the supervised machine learning algorithms, the decision tree model, the random forest model, and the SVM model, which are known to be powerful and accurate in various fields were utilized to construct crime prevention model. As a result, decision tree model with the lowest RMSE was selected as an optimal prediction model. Based on this model, several scenarios were set for theft and violence cases which are the most frequent in the case city J, and the probability of crime was estimated by $250{\times}250m$ grid. As a result, we could find that the high crime risky area is occurring in three patterns in case city J. The probability of crime was divided into three classes and visualized in map by $250{\times}250m$ grid. Finally, we could develop a crime prediction model using machine learning algorithm and visualized the crime risky areas in a map which can recalculate the model and visualize the result simultaneously as time and urban conditions change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.340-355
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• 1996

In order to suggest the useful information of fishing ground, a data base system on 32bit personal computer was constructed and handled by using the catch data of Korean tuna long-line, catch by species, fishing time and place, fish price and etc. mainly from 1975 to 1992. The results obtained are as follows ; In the fishing ground displaying catch rate, the catch rate has reduced as time passed, and this penomenon was more evident in Indian. And yellowfin have high catch tate in the Western Pacific of low latitute region, bigeye tuna have in the Eastern. The region of high catch rate of bigeye tuna was moved from the Indian and the Atlantic to the Pacific. The patterns of catch numbers of yellowfin and bigeye tuna appeared nearly same that, having nothing to do with catch numbers in all oceans. The region of least catch was the Northwestern Pacific, the regions of most catch were the Western Indian and the Pacific of low latitute. As to simulation of fishing ground estimation, there were economical grounds in the Western Pacific of low latitute region, the Eastern Pacific of this, the Western Indian, the Eastern Indian, and the Atlantic, in order.