Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
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Present Status and Future Prospect of Satellite Image Uses in Water Resources Area

수자원분야의 위성영상 활용 현황과 전망

  • Kim, Seongjoon (Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University) ;
  • Lee, Yonggwan (Department of Civil, Environmental and Plant Engineering, Konkuk University)
  • 김성준 (건국대학교 사회환경플랜트공학과) ;
  • 이용관 (건국대학교 사회환경플랜트공학과)
  • Received : 2018.01.05
  • Accepted : 2018.03.08
  • Published : 2018.03.31
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Abstract

Currently, satellite images act as essential and important data in water resources, environment, and ecology as well as information of geographic information system. In this paper, we will investigate basic characteristics of satellite images, especially application examples in water resources. In recent years, researches on spatial and temporal characteristics of large-scale regions utilizing the advantages of satellite imagery have been actively conducted for fundamental hydrological components such as evapotranspiration, soil moisture and natural disasters such as drought, flood, and heavy snow. Furthermore, it is possible to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics such as vegetation characteristics, plant production, net primary production, turbidity of water bodies, chlorophyll concentration, and water quality by using various image information utilizing various sensor information of satellites. Korea is planning to launch a satellite for water resources and environment in the near future, so various researches are expected to be activated on this field.

우리나라의 수자원관련 인공위성 영상정보의 활용능력은 현재 선진국대비 20~30% 수준에 머무르고 있다. 지금까지 수자원분야에서 인공위성영상의 대부분의 활용은 수문모형의 입력자료로서 토지피복도를 사용하는 수준이다. 이 또한 2000년대 건설교통부 '유역조사사업'을 통하여 미국의 Landsat 영상을 활용하여 전국적으로 1975년부터 2000년까지 5년 간격의 기본적인 토지피복도 (USGS level 1~30 m 해상도)를 작성하여 이를 보급한 것으로부터 정착되었다 (국가수자원관리종합정보시스템 http://www.wamis.go.kr/). 2000년 이후로는 환경부가 토지피복도를 제작 공급하는 부처로 구분되어, 이후의 자료로는 2008년 10 m 해상도의 토지피복도가 구축되어 있다. 한편 2000년부터 위성영상을 획득하기 시작한 Terra/Aqua MODIS 위성은 영상정보 활용의 획기적인 전환점을 만들었다고 할 수 있다. 웹상에서 제공하는 다양한 수자원/수문관련 공간정보들이 거의 실시간으로 제공되고 있는 것이다. 공간해상도 또한 250~1,000 m 수준이라 수자원분야에는 충분히 활용이 가능하며, 상세화 (Downscaling) 기술을 개발하여 정보의 수준을 끌어올리기도 한다. 정부는 2005년 8월 국가과학기술위원회에서 '미래 국가유망기술 21'을 확정하였는데, 21개 핵심분야 중에서 공공성 (국가안위 위상제고)을 고려하여 "전지구 관측 시스템과 국가자원 활용"을 선정한 바 있다. 특히 '우주와 지구', '정보와 지식', '안전', '국토관리 및 사회인프라'기술분야에서 제안된 기술들 중에는 원격탐사기술을 중심으로 구성하여, 미래의 원격탐사기술이 수자원분야에 활용될 것을 고지한 바 있다. 이에 건설교통부는 2006년 5월 '국토이노베이션기술개발사업'을 추진하면서 건설교통 R&D 혁신로드맵의 "재해예방 및 감지기술 분야"에서 홍수재해 예방시 원격탐사기술이 큰 비중을 차지하는 것으로 제안한 바있다. 한편, 2013년에는 국토교통부 국토교통과학기술진흥원에서 '위성정보를 활용한 글로벌 수자원 감시, 평가, 예측시스템 개발'을 위한 기획을 거쳐 2014년 7월 '국토관측센서 기반 광역 및 지역 수재해 감시 평가 예측기술 개발 연구단 (2014~2019)'이 발족되었다. 기술개발 내용으로는 위성정보 기반의 수문기상인자 산출기술, 미계측유역 수자원변동 분석기술, 수문학적 가뭄감시 및 전망기술, 하천건천화 추적기술 등이 포함되어, 수자원분야에서 원격탐사기술의 획기적인 발전이 기대되고 있다. 또한, 정부는 2020년대에 수자원 전용위성을 쏘아올릴 계획을 가지고 있어, 인공위성영상을 활용한 연구는 급성장할 것으로 예상된다. 현재 원격탐사 기술개발을 위한 다양한 위성영상 분석소프트웨어 (PG-STEAMER, ERDAS, ER-MAPPER, IDRISI, ArcGIS 등)들이 적정한 가격으로 개발되어 있으므로, 분석툴에 대한 물리적인 환경은 갖추어져 있다고 볼 수 있다. 지난 30여년 동안 GIS를 이용한 다양한 수자원 관련연구가 정착되어 온 것과 마찬가지로, 이제 원격탐사관련 위성영상정보의 활용연구가 활성화되어 다양한 기술개발을 통한 수자원분야의 우주기술시대를 맞이하기를 기대해 본다.

Keywords

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