• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2013

Genetic manipulation of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) breeding is still difficult due to lack of reliable regeneration system. The aim of this research is to establish shoot regeneration system from leaf explants for pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka) using various concentrations of plant growth regulators and carbon source supplemented to medium. The highest regeneration rate of about 20% was found on a medium containing 4.4 g/L of Murashige and Skoog (MS) without vitamins, Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) vitamins were added separately. Leaf explants of pear were cultured on MS medium containing 7 g/L of Daishin agar supplemented with various concentrations of NAA (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mg/L) in combination with BA(3, 5, 10 mg/L) for shoot regeneration. In medium with 5 mg/L of BA and 0.01 mg/L of NAA, adventitious shoot regeneration rate was higher than others treated. The optimal results were observed using MS medium supplemented with 30 g/L sorbitol as carbon source on regeneration system. Sorbitol is considered better carbon source than sucrose for shoot regeneration of pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka). In order to increase of shoot regeneration in pear (P. pyrifolia cv. Niitaka), plant agar and Daishin agar used as gelling agents, Daishin agar is more efficient in shoot regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2011

As the molecular breeding was progressed, many plant transformation techniques were attained for improving transformation accuracy and used to produce useful transgenic plants. Day by day, new varieties were developed so new transformation techniques required for these newly developed varieties. Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is a popular and economically important ornamental plant, all over the world. Keeping this in view, we selected 18 varieties of D. caryophyllus L. commonly available in the market and did optimization of culture conditions for more efficient tissue culture and to get higher number of plants via micro-propagation. Four varieties namely Yellowdotcom, Jakarta, Belmonte, Polartessino etc. were selected for organ culture studies from single cell line. The optimum growth was recorded in the MS media supplied with sucrose 3%, NAA 1.0 mg/L and TDZ 1.0 mg/L. except Belmonte, in which, BA 1.0 mg/L was found to be the best combination, in place of TDZ, rest ingredients were same. The most efficient coagulating agent used to obtain higher number of plant from callus was phytagel 0.3%. The most effective explant for higher shoot formation was stem in which 80.2% shoot formation was recorded. It also reduced culture periods by 6 days.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.154-160
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• 2005

To establish rapid micropropagation through organogenesis from apices-derived callus or direct adventitious shoot of three calla lily cultivars(Zantedeschia spp, cv. Sunlight, cv. Chiante, cv. Pink Persuation) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different plant growth regulators. The formation rate of callus, organogenesis and in viかo tuber production among the three cultivars were tested. Callus was obtained from cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion; the best cultivar was Sunlight. Sunlight induced $53.3\%$ callus and Chiante had the highest rate of $56.7\%$ direct shoot regeneration on medium with 2.0 mg/L BA. Regeneration frequencies ranged from 20 to $70\%$ on medium with 2.0-3.0 mg/L BA. The highest percentage of regeneration and the greatest number of shoots were obtained on medium containing 3.0 mg/L BA in three cultivars. Cytokinins induced multiple shoot formation; 1.0 mg/L of 2ip, 5.0 mg/L of BA, and 1.0 m/L of BA induced 16, 14 and 12 multiple shoots in cvs. Sunlight, Chiante and Pink Persuasion, respectivly. 1.0 mg/L of IAA enhanced root growth in cvs. Sunlight and Chiante while cv. Pink Persuasion exhibited enhanced root growth at 2.0 mg/L of IBA. NAA, however, induced no change in root growth. The addition of 90 g/L sucrose enhanced in vitro tuber formation and following tuber expansion in cv. Sunlight, while 70 g/L of sucrose was effective in cvs. Chiante and Pink Persuasion.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.136-145
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the growth characteristics, and the effect of plant growth regulators on the sprouting and growth of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus L.) in order to establish effective control system in lawn ground. The flowering of purple nutsedge was initiated 30 days after transplanting regardless of the transplanting time. Low temperature less than $10^{\circ}C$ after flowering was required for tuber formation, showing that the tuberization was related to air temperature. Shoot number and dry weight of underground portion of purple nutsedge was slightly affected by plant growth regulators such as benzylamino purine, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid and jasmonate. Imazaquin applied at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after transplanting induced multi-shooting and inhibited shoot growth indicating that the herbicide played a role as plant growth regulator at a concentration of 30 and 60g ai/10a. The greatest inhibition of purple nutsedge was obtained by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl as applied 1 weeks after transplanting, showing almost 100% control of purple nutsedge. Tuber of purple nutsedge composed of 61.83% of moisture, 31.60% of carbohydrates, 4.03% of crude protein, 1.57% of crude fat and 0.97% of crude ash.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the suitable parts for callus induction and optimal concentrations of growth regulators contained in the medium affecting shoot and rooting for the in vitro mass production of Haworthia maughanii. To determine suitable parts of the plant for callus induction, the leaves, flower bloom and flower stalks were cultured in MS medium at different concentrations of $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}$ NAA and $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}$ TDZ, respectively. All of the parts showed 100% callus formation rate at $NAA\;1mgL^{-1}$ and $TDZ\;1mgL^{-1}$ treatment, $NAA\;2mgL^{-1}$ and $TDZ\;2mgL^{-1}$ treatment and NAA 1 to $2mgL^{-1}$, respectively. While the rate of callus formation was high in all parts, the leaves were the most efficient to obtain most culture parts. $NAA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ treatments were the most effective in shoot formation with 22.0 shoots. In addition, multiple shoot propagation showed 16.3 shoots, the highest, with $NAA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1mg\;L^{-1}$ treatments. These results led us to speculate that the optimization of culture conditions was responsible for the mass propagation for in vitro cultures of Haworthia maughanii.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.172-177
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• 2011

This study was conducted to establish the optimal condition for in vitro propagation of wild Cynanchum wilfordii. The highest in vitro seed germination rate of 91.6% was obtained from the seed treated with gibberellic acid ($GA_{3}$) (100 ppm) for 24 hours followed by cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) media supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine (BA). The best shoot height obtained (5.2 cm) in medium with 1.0 mg/L $GA_{3}$, but the plants was grown abnormally and eventually died. The highest number (2.4) was shown when shoot were in cultured on the media including 0.1 mg/L BA after 4 weeks. Root induction from shoot obtained in vitro culture was effective on ventilation and without plant growth regulators (PGRs) and root length was highly developed (2 cm) at 0.1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The highest survival rate (70%) was when plantlet grew pre-ventilation of in vitro condition.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.21-21
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• 2021

주걱댕강나무는 경남 양산의 천성산에서만 생육하는 산림청·국립수목원 지정 희귀식물(Critically Endangered, CR)로 현지외 보전 및 대체 서식지 조성을 위해 번식 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 종자번식의 경우 450립의 종자를 저장방법에 따라 파종한 결과 노천매장 3.56%, 저온건조저장 0.67%, 습사저온저장 0.22%로 발아율이 매우 저조하였으며, 배양토 조건에 따라 직파 실험한 결과 모래 2.44%, 원예용 상토 2.22%, 현지내 산림토 1.11%, 현지외 산림토 0%로 이 또한 발아율이 매우 저조하였다. 삽목번식의 경우 숙지삽은 모래+펄라이트 36.1%, 모래 31.1%, 원예용 상토 20.0%로 나타났으며, 휴면지 삽수의 발근촉진제 처리 효과는 IBA 1,000PPM에서 37.8%, IBA 7,000PPM 30.0%, 무처리 28.9%, IBA 5,000PPM 27.8%의 발근율을 보였고 신초길이, 뿌리의 수, 뿌리 길이는 전반적으로 발근촉진제 처리와 함께 농도가 높아질수록 뿌리 성장이 왕성한 것으로 나타났다. 녹지삽은 모래 80%, 모래+펄라이트 76.7%, 피트모스+마사토 73.3%, 피트모스+펄라이트+버미큘라이트 70.0% 순이며, 왕모래와 왕모래+마사토는 26.7%와 36.7%로 다소 저조하였다. 녹지삽수의 굵기는 4mm이상 구간에서 발근율이 73.3%로 가장 높았으며, 녹지삽수의 길이는 7~8cm 구간에서 80.0%로 가장 높게 나타나 삽수의 굵기가 굵고 8cm내외의 길이가 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 근삽은 발아율이 88.3~96.7%로 모든 배양토에서 높게 나타났다. 근삽수 직경 7~8mm에서 100%이며 3~4mm 또한 91%로 나타났다. 근삽수 길이는 4~5cm와 10~11cm에서 100%, 6~7cm 88.1%, 8~9cm 94.4%로 나타나 4~5cm를 제외하고는 삽수 길이가 길수록 신초 생장과 발근이 비례하는 것을 확인하였다. 주걱댕강나무는 실생보다 삽목번식이 더 효율적이며, 그 중 근삽이 가장 발근율이 높다. 배양토는 모래 단용구를 제외하고는 평균 95%이상으로 나타났으며, 근삽수는 직경이 굵고 길수록 신초 생장과 발근이 왕성하다. 따라서, 현지외 보전을 위해 향후 휴면성의 종자 발아 연구가 필요하며, 영양번식을 할 경우 근삽이 가장 효율적인 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2011

This study was conducted on the effect of plant growth retardants (PGRs) on growth of potted Ardisia pusilla and Ardisia pusilla var. variegata grown for a short term in an ebb and flow system. Plants were planted in 10 cm plastic pots, containing a mixture of peat moss and perlite (1 : 1, v/v) on 30 June 2005 and were grown until 23 Sep. 2005. The PGRs used were 50, 200, 350, 500 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ daminozide (B- 9), 10, 40, 70, 100 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ paclobutrazol (Boundy), and 5, 15, 25, 35 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ ethephon (Florel). On every irrigation, the nutrient solution containing PGRs was supplied at a 2 cm depth and was kept for 15~20 minutes. The surplus nutrient solution was drained back into the tank for next irrigations. In both cultivars, paclobutrazol gave the most pronounced effect in inhibition of stretchiness. Ardisia pusilla, which was pinched just before initiation of paclobutrazol treatment, resulted in the greatest inhibition of shoot elongation. Daminozide treatments above 200 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ also gave reduction of shoot length. However, ethephon treatments gave no dwarfing effect in Ardisia pusilla. Inhibition of stretchiness was observed even in the lowest concentration treatments. Among the PGRs, paclobutrazol was the most effective in suppressing plant stretchiness.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to investigate the suitable parts for callus induction and optimal concentrations of growth regulators contained in the medium affecting shooting and rooting Echeveria laui and Echeveria elegans for in vitro mass production. To determine the suitable plant parts for callus induction, the leaves were divided into upper, medium and bottom parts and cultured on MS medium at different concentrations with $0{\sim}2mgL^{-1}\;NAA$ and $0{\sim}4 mgL^{-1}BA$. The upper and middle parts of leaves both showed 100% callus formation rate with $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui. The middle parts of leaves showed 83.3% callus formation rate at $NAA\;2\;mgL^{-1}$ and BA 4 mgL-1 treatment in E. elegans. The shoot induction rate from callus was highest at $NAA\;0.1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;3\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui and $NAA\;0.3\;mgL^{-1}$ in E. elegans. In addition, the number of shoots formation was 10.4 shoots high in $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. laui and 12.0 shoots in most effective $NAA\;1\;mgL^{-1}$ and $BA\;0.1\;mgL^{-1}$ treatment in E. elegans. In the case of acclimatization of regenerated plant, growth characteristics did not show any significant difference (35 ~ 55%) shading with respect to the different ratio of substrate mixture, and it was determined that would be appropriate considered plant height and appearance preference of E. laui and E. elegans. It was established that the optimization of culture condition was responsible for the mass propagation in vitro cultures of E. laui and E. elegans.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2020

지구온난화에 따라 농업부문 신재생에너지의 중요성이 증대되고 있으며, 화본과 식물은 바이오에너지작물의 중요한 소재를 제공하고 있다. 화본과 식물의 기내대량증식연구의 일환으로 홍띠식물의 기내 재생 식물체의 유전적 안정성에 대한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 기내배양으로 재분화시킨 홍띠(Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra') 재분화 식물체 중 녹색체 재생식물체를 대상으로 ISSR 표지를 사용하여 유전적 안정성을 조사하였다. 재분화식물체는 MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962)배지에 생장조절제를 첨가한 배지에서 배양하였다. 생장점 부위를 적출하여 캘러스를 유도하고(0.1 mg/L 2,4-D와 2 mg/L BA), 캘러스 증식(0.1 mg/L 2,4-D와 0.05 mg/L BA), 신초 재분화( 0.01 mg/L NAA와 2 mg/L BA) 후 MS배지에서 식물체를 양성하고 순화시켰다. 배양은 26±2℃, 25 µmol/m²/s, 14h/10h (day/night) 광조건 하에서 실시하였다. 재분화식물체는 홍띠 및 녹색 재분화식물체 2 종류로 나타났는데, 이는 생장점에서는 홍띠가 분화되었음에도 불구하고 생장점 주변조직에서 유래한 녹새체가 분화된 후 우세하게 자라서 녹색재생체가 우점하는 것으로 추정된다. ISSR 분석은 대조구로 모식물체 홍띠를(8개체), 재분화식물체는 녹색체 중, 1년간 노지포장에서 재배중인 녹색체(10개체)와 실험실내 화분에서 재배중인 시료를(10개체) 사용하였다. ISSR 밴드패턴을 비교한 결과, 재분화체는 실내포트 재배식물체 10.3%, 노지1년 재배식물체 8.3%로 대조구의 4.1%보다 유전적 다형성 비율이 2배 이상 높게 나타났다. 또한 재분화식물체들의 유전적 유사도를 평가하고 군집분석을 실시하였다.