• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-104
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to document the histology of canine acupoints. Acupunctural needles were inserted by 0.5 to 1 cm depth into acupoints Nei-guan (Inner pass, PC06), Gan-shu (Liver Association Point, BL18), Shen-shu (Kidney Association Point, BL23) and Pangguang-shu (Bladder Association Point, BL28) in 4 dogs, and the tissues around the acupoints were examined. Light microscopy was used to observe the surrounding structures of each point. Nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles were found around the tip of the needle in every case, although they occurred not so often at nonacupoint in nearby region or nonacupoint in the areas, such as skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle. Therefore, it is suggested that nerve fibres, small vessels and muscle spindles may be potential acupoint receptors.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.2 no.1 s.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 1999

Counts of RBC and proportion of packed cell volume(PCV) showdc no difference among treatment groups. the values of hemoglobin in rat showed a tendeuy to increase in herbal-acupuncture group, however the values of hemoglobin in guineapig and rabbit showed no significant difference in the treatnent groups. the count of WBC showed high in the chishiI(BL52) herbal-acupuncture group. The proprtion of neutrophils showed no significant difference in rabbit, however the values in guinea-pig and rat showed a tendency to increased in herbal-acupuncture groups. The proportion of lymphocytes in rabbit and guinea-pig showed a tendency to decreast in herbal-acupuncture groups, however the values in rat showed no significant difference. The proportion of Eosinophils and monocytes showed no significant difference in all the treated groups. Results from this study indicated that shinsu(BL23) and chishil(BL52) herbal-acupuncture with palmijihwangtang elivate the biglogical function in Rabbit Guinea-pig and Rat.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 1997

DA-5018(N-(3-(3, 4-dimethylphenyl)propyl)-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenylacetamide) is a new capsaicin derivative under development as topical analgesic agent. The general pharmacological properties of DA-5018 on central nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and other organ systems were studied in experimental animals. DA-5018 cream (0.3%) had no effects on behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, body temperature, spontaneous activity, blood pressure, heart rate, intestinal charcoal propulsion, urine volume and electrolyte excretion even at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg in rats. In addition, DA-5Ol8 cream had little skin irritation compared to Zostrix-HP (capsaicin, 0.075%) cream in rabbits. In isolated guinea pig tissue studies, DA-5018 increased the contractility of trachea and ileum and also increased sinus rate of atrium in a range of 10^{-8}-10^{-5}$$ M, but its efficacy as a agonist was weak. These results suggest that DA-5018 cream might be used topically without serious side effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 현재 사용되는 변압기의 절연유인 광유와 새롭게 대두되고 있는 식물유의 신유 상태일 때, 온도와 유동대전방지제(Benzotriazole)에 따른 대전경향을 비교, 분석함으로써 변화되는 조건이 절연유에 미치는 영향에 관해 연구하였다. 유동대전현상을 해석하기 용이한 직렬식 대전장치를 설계, 제작하여 실험한 결과 온도의 변화에서는 광유, 식물유 모두 60[$^{\circ}C$] 부근에서 최대치를 발생하였고 유동대전방지제의 첨가에 따라 유동대전은 광유, 식물유 모두 비슷한 경향으로 변화하였다.

• 중국학논총
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• no.61
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• pp.323-340
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• 2019

As the continent's Neo-Confucianism has emerged as an issue recently, Kang You-wei has become a hot topic in Chinese thought circles. His view that the goal of Confucianism is ultimately to reformbased on the "ChunQiu Gongyang" has been drawing new attention in the 2000s with the emergence of Political Confucianism. This paper reviews Kang You-wei's study of Chun Qiu Gongyang, which could be called the ideological origin of continental Confucianism, and also analyze the development process and problems of political Confucianism. In order to understand the current discussion of Confucian constitutionalism, an understanding of Kang You-wei should be preceded. Because most of the problems raised in continental political Confucianism, began with the idea of Kang, and they insist on returning to Kang You-wei as well.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.274-278
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• 2013

Automatic transmission fluid (ATF) is used as an automatic transmission in the vehicle or as a characterized fluid for automatic transmission. Recently, vehicle manufacturers usually guarantee for changing fluids over 80000~100000 km mileage or no exchange. However, most drivers usually change ATF below every 50000 km driving distance when driving in Republic of Korea according to a survey from the Korea Institute of Petroleum Management which can cause both a serious environmental contamination by the used ATF and an increase in the cost of driving. In this study, various physical properties such as flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, dynamic viscosity at low temperature, total acid number and four-ball test were investigated for both fresh ATF and used ATF after the actual vehicle driving distance of 50000 km and 100000 km. It was shown that most physical properties were suitable for the specification of ATF, but the foam characteristics of the used oil after running 100000 km was unsuitable for the specification of fresh ATF. Therefore, the exchange cycle of ATF every 80000~100000 km driving distance is recommended considering great positive contributions to preventing environmental pollution and reducing driving cost.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.385-398
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• 1997

The location and local arrangement of motor, sensory neurons within brain stem, nodose ganglia, spinal ganglia and sympathetic ganglia projecting to rat's kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25 were investigated by HRP immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP into left kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25. Following injection of WGA-HRP into left kidney, anterogradely labelled sensory neurons were founded within either nodose ganglia and spinal ganglia. The sensory neurons innervating rat's left kidney were observed within spinal ganglia $T_{7}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's left kidney were labelled within left suprarenal ganglia, either celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{1}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic chain ganglia were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_1$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were founded within spinal ganglia $T_{2}{\sim}L_2$. They were numerous in spinal in ganglia $T_{10}{\sim}T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were observed in suprarenal ganglia and greater splanchnic trunk, sympathetic chain ganglia from $T_1$ to $L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within spinal ganglia $T_{6}{\sim}T_{13}$. They were numerous in from T10 to $T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within greater splanchnic trunk and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{13}{\sim}L_1$. This results neuroanatomically imply that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating meridian point BL 23 and GB 25 were closely related that of innervating kidney.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2012

Objectives : Since acupuncture was accepted as an useful therapy for the drug addiction, a lot of studies about acupuncture have been carried out. This study was performed to review the articles about morphine addiction which used acupuncture as a treatment and to interpret the use of acupoints from the viewpoint of Six-meridian (Yuk Gyeong, three yin and three yang) theory. Methods : The authors searched 255 articles in PubMed with the key word of "morphine, acupuncture" and 629 articles in KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System) with the key word of "morphine". The articles written in English only were included. The articles related with morphine (abuse, dependence, sensitization, addiction, intake, withdrawal sign, withdrawal syndrome, reinstatement, craving) only were included. The articles which used manual- or electro-acupuncture only were included and auricular acupuncture was excluded. Both of clinical and experimental study were reivewed. Results : The most frequently used acupoint was ST36-SP6 (electroacupuncture), and the second was HT7. LI4 was the third, and BL23 and PC6 were also used. Conclusions : The acupoints used in the morphine study seem to influence the brain through diverse mechanisms and it is thought that control of the reaction against stress appears to be related with these mechanisms.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

The engine oil is an oil used for lubrication of various internal combustion engines. Recently, the vehicle and engine oil manufacture usually guarantee for oil change over 15000~20000 km mileage, but the most of driver usually change engine oil every 5000 km driving in Korea. In this case, it is possible to cause environmental contamination by used engine oil and increase the cost of driving by frequently oil change. In this study, we investigate the various physical properties such as flash point, pour point, kinematic viscosity, cold cranking simulator, total acid number, and four-ball test for fresh engine oil and used engine oil after vehicle driving (5000 km, 10000 km). The test result showed that the total acid number and wear scar by four-ball test of used engine oil had increased than fresh engine oil, but 2 kind of used oil (5000 km and 10000 km) had similar physical properties.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

Physicochemical changes of poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog (N-[3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)propyl]-4-(2-aminoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl acetamide) such as drug content, viscosity and surface tension were investigated during the storage conditions at three different temperatures (25, 40 and $60^{\circ}C$) over 90 days. No noticeable changes of color were observed when stored at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$. However, the color of white poloxamer gels turned yellow during storage at $60^{\circ}C$. The drug contents were unchanged during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ but had tendency to decrease at $40^{\circ}C$. The drug contents were highly decreased over 40-50% when stored at $60^{\circ}C$. The viscosity of a poloxamer-based gel was unchanged during storage at 25 and $40^{\circ}C$ but greatly increased at $60^{\circ}C$. The surface tension of a poloxamer-based gel was not changed at three different temperatures. The storage conditions of a poloxamer-based gel containing capsaicin analog can be considered for further clinical applications.