• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2011

Introduction: This study examined the predictability of new bone formation in the pneumatized maxillary sinus using only fibrin-rich blocks with concentrated growth factors as an alternative to bone grafts. Materials and Methods: Maxillary sinus augmentation was performed in thirty-three patients with a deficient alveolar bone height (mean 3.9 mm). All patients were treated consecutively with sinus membrane elevation via the lateral window approach and panoramic radiograms and cone-beam computed tomograms were taken to evaluate the remaining bone height and the new bone formation in the maxillary sinus, before and after surgery. Four biopsy specimens were taken at the time of implant consolidation (after an average of five months healing) and were stained by H & E and Trichrome staining. Results: None of the patients had postoperative complications during implant consolidation. After an average of 5 months since sinus augmentation, newly formed bone was observed in all cases by a radiographic evaluation. In 4 biopsy samples, newly formed bone was observed along the floor of the replaced bony window. The osteoblast lining and well distinguished Osteocytes in the lacunas were observed in the newly formed bone. Of the 74 implants (4 different surfaced implants - resorbable blast media-surfaced (RBM), Hydroxyapatite (HA) coated, acid-etched, sintered porous-surfaced implant) placed, one RBM implant failed. The success rate was 98.6% after a mean of 15 months. Discussion: These results suggest that maxillary sinus augmentation using fibrin rich block with concentrated growth factors is a successful and predictable technique.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2002

Korean safflower seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. The toxicity test and the effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 60 rats, 3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet(C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet(S-OP group). Another 20 rats without operation were maintained, each 10 rats were fed either normal diet or 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet, and observed the toxicity of safflower seed by measuring weight and urine parameters. Postoperative radiography were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups and blood collection via heart puncture were carried out once in 3 weeks for 3 groups. The concentration of Ca and Pi in serum were measured using both auto Kit and $^{31}$ P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance(NMR). At present study, no toxic effect was observed from both weight increment and urine index after feeding the safflower seed diet. The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. The ratio of Ca/P in serum was low in S-OP group compared to C-OP group with the auto Kit, but there were no significant differences between two groups (p < 0.05). In addition, the variations of Pi values in NMR examination were also confirmed based on the result of auto Kit. In conclusion, this study implied that safflower seed might influence to bone formation and shorten the periods of remedy by stimulating the calcification of bone

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2006

The present study was undertaken to determine the possible cellular mechanism of action of angiopoietin-2 in bone metabolism. The effects on the osteoblasts were determined by measuring 1) cell viability, 2) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, 3) gelatinase activity, and 4) nitric oxide production. The effects on the osteoclasts were investigated by measuring 1) tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)(+) multinucleated cells (MNCs) formation, and 2) resorption areas after culturing osteoclast precursors. Angiopoietin-2 treatment showed a significant increase in both the viability and ALP activity of osteoblasts. Angiopoietin-2 increased the activity of gelatinase and nitric oxide production. In addition, angiopoietin-2 decreased the osteoclast generation induced by macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL), and inhibited osteoclastic activity in (M-CSF)-dependent bone marrow macrophage (MDBM) cell cultures. Taken these results, angiopoietin-2 may be a regulatory protein within the bone marrow microenvironment.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.239-249
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• 2010

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the expression of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) in the mandibular condyle during mandible advancement by functional appliance and to correlate it with the histologic changes and bone remodeling. Methods: Twenty-four female, 35-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups. In all experimental groups, the mandibles of the rats were kept in a continuous forward position with a fixed bite jumping appliance. The rats were sacrificed on the 3rd, 14th, and 30th days of experiment. More than 2 rats in each group were used for staining. Results: There were no remarkable histologic changes and NOS expression differences in the control group. The most prominent histologic changes occurred in the 14th day experimental group. NOS decreased in the 30th day experimental group. There was increased expression of $NOS_2$ and $NOS_3$ in all experimental groups, comparative to the control group. In all the experimental groups and control group, the expression of $NOS_2$ was greater than that of $NOS_3$. Conclusions: It is postulated that $NOS_2$ and $NOS_3$ in the mandibular condyle might play an important role in bone remodelling of the mandibular condyle.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 1991

후두암의 수직절제 수술후의 후두 재건 목적은 기관절개를 통하지 않고 후두를 통한 호흡이 가능하도록 하면서 연하시 기도흡인을 피하기 위한 sphincter 능력의 보존, 그리고 발성이 가능하도록 성대진동 mechanism을 재건하는데 있다. 오늘날 수많은 후두학자들에 의해서 고안 개발된 다양한 재건 방법이 있다. 연자는 광범위한 후두절제에 따른 큰 결손을 메우기 위해 bulky하면서도 점막 상피의 재생이 용이한 재건 피판으로 흉유돌근골막 피판을 이용하여 후두 결손부를 재건하여 보았다. 방법은 성견 3마리를 대상으로하여 thiopental sodium 정맥주사로 전신마취를 시행한 후 설골에서부터 흉골상까지 경부 정중앙의 피부를 절개하고 후두를 노출시켜 후두 수직절제술을 시행하였다. 흉유돌근과 흉골에 부착된 골막을 박리하여 흥유돌근골막 피판을 제작한 후 골막이 후두강 안쪽으로 되도록하여 골막연과 후두점막을 봉합하였다. 그리고 3, 5, 9개월에 후두적출술을 시행하여 병리조직학적 및 수술후 경과를 관찰하였다. 3실험견 모두 기관절개술 없이 후두를 통한 호흡이 가능하였고 흡입성 폐렴이나 피하기종등의 합병증없이 창상이 치유되었으며 발성도 양호하였다. 이식된 골막위로 신생혈관의 출현과 함께 점막재생이 잘되 있었다. 단지 봉합사 주위에 소량의 육아종이 관찰되었다. 조직학적으로는 섬유조직위로 편평상피가 재생되었으며 성문하부에서는 일부 섬모가 있는 호흡기 점막도 관찰되고 골막하부에 신생골 형성은 관찰할 수 없었다. 골막 피판은 그 유연성 때문에 결손부위의 점막연에 맞춰도 tension이 없고 공기 누출이 되지 않게 봉합이 가능할 뿐 아니라 점막이 재생할 수 있는 frame-work의 역할을 하는 것으로 사료되었다. 이상과 같은 사실로 미루어 흉유돌근 자체가 견실하고 골막에 혈류공급이 잘되어 창상치유에 좋을 뿐 아니라 큰 후두결손부의 재건이 가능하리라고 사료되었다.로서 몇가지 앞으로의 치료지침에 도움이 되는 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1) 성별 분포는 남자 16(39 %), 여자 25 (61%)이었으며 1 : 1.5의 빈도를 보였다. 2) 연령 분포는 20대와 30대에서 남녀 모두 25명으로 대부분을 차지하였다. 3) 부식제의 종류는 빙초산이 26명 (63.4 %)으로 대부분을 차지하였고 염산 7 (17.1 %) Lye 3 (0.7 %) 의 순이었다. 4) 음독후 12시간내에 식도경술을 받은 환자가 3명(0.7 %) 12-24시간에 받은 환자가 17명(41.5 %), 24 - 48시간에 받은 환자가 11명(26. 8%)으로 48시간 내에 시행받은 환자가 전체의 75.6%를 차지하였다. 5) 식도경 검사상 나타난 식도화상은 Grade I 11명 (26.8%) G.ade II 18(43.9%) Grade III 7명(17.1%) 이었으며 Grade II 인 경우가 18명(43.9%)로 가장 많았으며 Grade I 11명(26.8 %), Grade III 7명 (17.1 %) Normal 5명 (12.2 %) 순이었다. 6) 조기 식도경 검사에서 41명중 oral cavity burn이 없었던 경우가 15명(36. 1 %) 이었으며, oral cavity burn이 있었던 26명중 5명(19 .2 %)에서 Esophageal burn이 없었다 특히 Esophageal burn의 Grade II, III 25명 중 9명(29.6 %)에서 oral cavity burn이 없었다. 7) 식도 부식중 환자의 치료 원칙으로 Grade I, II, III에서 항생제 및 보존적 치료를 하였으며 Grade I에선 oral feeding을 시켰고 Steroid는 경우에 따라 투여하였으며 Grade III에선 원칙적으로 사용치 않았다. 식도조영술은 Grade I II III에서 3주 후에 모두 시행하였다. 8) 3주 후 식도조영술을 실

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.4 s.99
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• pp.235-245
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• 2003

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the effects of PNAM appliance and cheiloplasty on alveolar molding. Samples consisted of 16 unilateral cleft lip and palate infants (10 males and 6 female, mean age=37.0 days after birth, average alveolar cleft gap=10.46m), who were treated with PNAM appliances by one orthodontist and rotation- advancement cheiloplasty by one surgeon in Seoul National University Hospital. Average duration of alveolar molding treatment was 13.10 weeks and these patients were recalled at average 8.31 weeks after cheiloplasty. These patients' models were obtained at initial visit (T0, mean age : $37.0\pm27.89$ days after birth), after successful alveolar molding (T1, mean age : $119.25\pm40.18$ days after birth), and after cheilopasty (T2, mean age : $190.81\pm42.78$ days after birth). Seven linear and five angular variables were measured using 1 : 1 photometry and soft ware program(V-ceph. Cybermed. Seoul, Korea). Paired t-test was performed to investigate statistical significance at p<0.05 level. 1 The posterior parts of alveolar segments were the stable structures during alveolar molding treatment period and after cheiloplasty in infants. 2. The closure of cleft gap during alveolar molding was usually due to backward bending of the whole part of the greater segment. 3. Although forward growth of the greater segment was hindered by alveolar molding, it resumed after cheiloplasty. 4. Increase of anterior inter-segment angle after cheiloplasty was due to the molding effect of the lip scar pressure.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.364-372
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• 2009

치주 질환으로 인하여 소실된 치주조직을 재생시키려는 여러 술식이 많이 연구되고있다. 그 중 bioactive factor의 적용은 치주조직의 재생에 있어서 우수한 치료법으로 평가되고 있으며, 이를 수용부에 적절히 적용하기 위한 운반체로 생체친화적인 중합체가 이용되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 PLGA를 Inorganic filler에 혼합시킨 재료를 성견의 일벽성 골내낭에 적용하여 이 재료의 생체 친화성과 생체 흡수도를 보고자 하는 것이다. 5마리의 비글견에서 제 3 소구치를 모두 발치한 뒤, 8주간의 치유기간이 지나고 제 2 소구치 원심면과 제 4 소구치 근심면에 5mm 깊이, 4mm폭의 일벽성 골내낭을 형성하였다. 좌측 defect에는 PLGA/inorganic filler matrix를 이식하였고 우측에는 아무것도 이식하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 술 후 8주에 희생하여 치유 결과를 조직학적으로 비교 관찰하였다. 조직학적 분석 결과, 모든 결손부에서 염증의 소견이 관찰되지 않았으며 치근흡수와 유착은 발견되지 않았다. 백악질과 치조골, 치주인대를 포함한 치주조직의 재생에 있어서 대조군, 실험군 간에 조직학적으로 치유양상에 있어 차이를 많이 보이지 않았으며 PLGA/inorganic filler matrix는 8주 내에 완전히 흡수되어 결합조직이나 신생골내에서 그 흔적을 발견할 수 없었다. 이러한 결과는 PLGA/inorganic filler matrix는 생체친화성 및 생체흡수성이 우수한 재료로서 치주 조직의 재생 치료에 있어서 신체활성인자의 scaffold로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.324-330
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• 2006

Objective: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the differences between sand blasted, large grit and acid-etched (SLA) treated mini-implants and smooth surface orthodontic mini-implants in relation to the removal torque as well as the histologic analysis. Methods: Custom-made, screw-shaped, titanium implants with a length of 9.5 mm and an outer diameter of 1.8 mm were divided into 2 groups; the SLA group (20 SLA treated orthodontic mini-implants) and the smooth surface group (20 smooth surface mini-implants), and placed In the tibia metaphysis of 10 rabbits. Each rabbit had 4 mini-implants placed, 2 in each tibia. The right tibia were implanted with the SLA group mini-implants and the left tibia had the smooth group mini-implants placed. Each mini-implant group were immediately applied with a continuous traction force of 150 g using a Ni-Ti coil spring. The rabbits were sacrificed 6 weeks post-surgically. Subsequently, the legs were stabilized, the Ni-Ti coil springs were removed and the mini-implants were removed under reverse torque rotation with a digital torque gauge. Results: 6 weeks after placement, the SIA group presented a higher mean removal torque value (8.29 Ncm) than the smooth group (3.34 Ncm) and histologic analysis revealed a higher new bone formation aspect along the screw in the SLA group. Conclusion: Results of this study indicates that SLA treated mini-implants may endure higher orthodontic forces without loosening.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.466-472
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• 2010

Introduction: This study examined the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 and $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate ($\beta$-TCP) on new bone formation in a rabbit calvarium using a rapid prototype titanium cap (RP Ti cap). Materials and Methods: Eight New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Hemispherical RP Ti caps (10 mm in diameter) were implanted subperiosteally on the rabbit calvaria. $\beta$-TCP was filled in the RP Ti cap in the control group, and rhBMP-2 soaked $\beta$-TCP was used in experimental group. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks after the operation. The volume and pattern of newly formed bone was analyzed by micro computed tomography (CT). Results: Macroscopically, there were no abnormal findings in any of the animals. The micro CT images revealed new bone from the calvaria that expanded gradually toward the top of the titanium cap, particularly along the inner surface of the titanium cap in the experimental group at 4 weeks after grafting. There was no significant difference in new bone volume ratio between the control and experimental groups at 2 weeks after grafting. There was a statistically significant difference in the new bone volume ratio between the experimental ($14.1{\pm}1.8\;%$) and control ($7.2{\pm}1.5\;%$) groups at 4 weeks after grafting (P<0.01). Conclusion: The RP Ti cap can effectively guide new bone formation and rhBMP-2 can induce the new bone formation.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

Korean safflower (Carthami Flos) seed has been known to have healing effects on both bone fracture and osteoporosis. On the base of such a notice, this experiment was carried out to explore the effects of safflower seed on bone formation and bone repair. In addition, the healing mechanism was evaluated by analysing serum after feeding the seed to experimental. animals. The effect of Korean safflower seed were evaluated with 40 rats,3-month old. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats composed of 20 male and 20 female were underwent unilateral tibial defect and then fastened with unilateral fixators. The operated rats were divided into two groups depending on the composition of diet, such as positive control group fed normal diet (C-OP group) and safflower seed group fed 30% of safflower seed diet and 70% of normal diet (S-OP group). Postoperative radiographys were taken once in 2 weeks to evaluate callus formation for operated groups. In addition, a possible protein spots involved in bone recovery were examined using 2-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE). The comparison of the radiography between C-OP and S-OP group were showed that the safflower seed diet appeared to stimulate the formation of callus in the rat. On the images of 2-BE, it was able to identify possible five protein spots, having pl from 4 to 5 and molecular weight range from 24 to 26 kDa, involved in bone formation and repair, since no differing protein spots were found the two between groups except the five spots. No differences were observed between two groups before operation, but clear and bigger protein spots were observed from the S-OP group compared with C-OP group on 6 and 9 weeks post operation. These protein spots were, however, showed similar sizes and densities between two groups in 12 weeks later. The transformation of protein spots was suggested that these protein spots were involved in bone formation and recovery, in addition safflower seed might induce the formation of factors and activate these factors. In conclusion, this study suggest that safflower seed influence a variety of factors in the course of bone formation or the periods of remedy.