• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2000

연안습지에서는 생태적으로 많은 생산물이 만들어진다고 평가되어 왔다. 이런 점들을 이용하여 연안습지를 연안환경관리에 적용하면 수질정화 등 다양한 효과를 볼 수 있다. 생태계 기능중 에너지흐름과 유기물, 영양염류가 연안습지의 수질정화에 중요하게 관계된다. 연안습지는 수생식물이 식재된 공간을 거치면서 처리되고, 토사나 오염물질의 유입을 방지하기 위한 공간의 조성과 바닥에서 영양염의 흡수 및 식물플랑크톤을 억제하는 방법이 적용될 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.200-200
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• 2018

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2021

The application of nature-based solutions, such as low impact development (LID) techniques and green infrastructures, for stormwater management continue to increase in urban areas. Plants are usually utilized in LID facilities to improve their pollutant removal efficiency through phytoremediation. Plants can also reduce maintenance costs and frequency by means of reducing the accumulation of pollutants inside the facility. Plants have long been used in different LID facilities; however, proper plant-selection should be considered since different species tend to exhibit varying pollutant uptake capabilities. This study was conducted to investigate the pollutant uptake capabilities of plants by comparing the dry matter and nutrient contents of different plant species in roadsides, LID facilities, and landscape areas. The dry matter content of the seven herbaceous plants, shrubs, and arboreal trees ranged from 60% to 90%. In terms of nutrient content, the total nitrogen (TN) concentration in the tissues of herbaceous plants continued to increase until the summer season, but gradually decreased in the succeeding periods. TN concentrations in shrubs and trees were observed to be high from early spring up to the late summer seasons. All plant samples collected from the LID facility exhibited high TP content, indicating that the vegetative components of LID systems are efficient in removing phosphorus. Overall, the nutrient content of different plant species was found to be highly influenced by the urban environment which affected the stormwater runoff quality. The results of this study can be beneficial for establishing plant selection criteria for LID facilities.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2021

Urban stormwater runoff contains heavy metals that accumulate in on-site treatment systems, thus resulting to facility deterioration and maintenance problems. In order to resolve these problems, low impact development (LID) technologies that promote natural materials circulation are widely used. LID facilities are capable of treating heavy metals in the runoff by means of plant uptake; however, the uptake or phytoremediation capabilities of plants have not been studied extensively, making it difficult to select the most suitable plant species for a certain LID design. This study investigated the vegetative components of an LID facility, roadside plants, and plants in landscape areas with different heavy metal exposure and frequency to determine the uptake capabilities of different plant species. The plants harvested inside the LID facilities and roadsides with high vehicular traffic exhibited greater heavy metal concentrations in their tissues as compared with the plants in landscape areas. Generally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues were found to be influenced by the environmental characteristics (i.e. influent water quality, air pollution level, etc.). Dianthus, Metasequoia, Rhododendron lateritium, and Mugwort were found to be effective in removing Zn in the urban stormwater runoff. Additionally, Dianthus, Metasequoia, Mugwort, and Ginkgo Biloba exhibited excellent removal of Cu. Cherry Tree, Metasequoia, and mugwort efficiently removed Pb, whereas Dianthus was also found to be effective in treating As, Cr, and Cd in stormwater. Overall, different plant species showed varying heavy metal uptake capabilities. The results of this study can be used as an effective tool in selecting suitable plant species for removing heavy metals in the runoff from different land use types.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 1999

In order to confirm the effectiveness of the natural river improvement technique, the analysis of vegetation was carried out in Yangjae stream between 1996 and 1998. The results of this study showed the numbers of riparian plants had increased from 41 species to 53 species, and the dominant species had changed from annual and biannual(Humulus japonicus, Persicaria thunbergii, Persicaria hydropiper, Panicum dichotomiflorum, Echinochloa crus-galli) to perennials (Phragmites communis). The variation in biomass and biodiversity index were measured and calculated according to the rehabilitation method. Biomass were varied 302 to $828g/m^2$ and biodiversity index was varied 1.53 to 1.52 at point bar plots(A treatment plots) from 1996 to 1998. In conclusion, the natural river improvement technique which has operated in Yanjaecheon for three years has contributed to restoration of riparian plants. Additionally, subsequent study using this technique should be followed in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

To alleviate the urban heat island phenomenon, this study aims to quantitatively analyze the effects of neighborhood green spaces on the improvement of the thermal environment based on detailed scenarios of five types of green spaces, including parks, pocket parks, parking lot greening, roadside planting, and rooftop-wall greening. The ENVI-met 4.4.6v model, a microclimate simulation program, was used to analyze the effects of green spaces. As a result, it was found that the air temperature decreased as the planting density of the park increased, but the thermal comfort index PET, which is the degree of heat sensation felt by humans, was not directly proportional to temperature. The establishment of a pocket park reduced air temperature up to a radius of 56m, while the range of temperature reduction increased by about 12.5% when three additional pocket parks were established at 250m intervals. Unlike the air temperature, PET was only affected in the vicinity of the planted area, so there was no significant difference in the thermal comfort of the surrounding environment due to the construction of pocket parks. Changing the surface pavement from asphalt to lawn blocks and implementing rooftop or wall greening did not directly act as solar shading but positively affected air temperature reduction; PET showed no significant difference. Roadside planting showed a higher air temperature reduction effect as the planting interval was narrower, but PET was not directly proportional to tree density. In the case of shrub planting under trees, it did not significantly affect the air temperature reduction but positively affected the improvement of thermal comfort. This study can outline strategies for constructing neighborhood green spaces to solve the urban heat island phenomena and establish detailed strategies for efficient thermal environment improvements.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

A field survey was conducted from June 2005 to September 2007 to explore changes of the vegetation and life form in the man-made Wetland along the Sinpyeongcheon for 3 years after its creation. A total of 20 species including 14 families, 18 genera, 15 species and 5 varieties were planted in the Wetland which was completed in 2004. Divided by life form of the planted species, a prevalent 65% of them was composed of perennation while 4 species of woody plants i.e. Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Salix glandulosa, Camellia japonica and Nandina domestica were planted there, too. The 3-year study revealed that hydatophytes (HH) scored the biggest increase in number, followed by slight increase in the number of microphanerophytes (M), megaphanerophytes (MM), chamaephytes (Ch), nanophanerophytes (N), perennial plants (H), etc., featuring generally a similar tendency for the whole period of study. The change in vegetation area increases in the area of Typha angustata, Phragmites japonica, Phragmites communis, etc. but a sharp decrease in the area of communities for other planted species. In terms of change in the area for planted species by their life form, hydatophytes (HH), HH Th (Th(w)) reported gradual increase while microphanerophytes (M), geophyte (G), and nanophanerophytes (N) continued to record a decrease. In conclusion, selection of plants to be planted turns out to play a vital role in molding the destiny of a man-made Wetland. It seems therefore extremely important to investigate the flora, and life and growth forms of the plants planted in the man-made Wetland in an effort to choose the species that can adapt themselves to the environment from the early phase on, contributing by thus to stabilization and diversification of the damp ground in line with the progression of their succession.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2013

This study was conducted to select superior provenances of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) well adapted to Korean environment for timber production. In 1976, twenty-two provenances of Scots pine were introduced from Sweden and the seeds were sown in seed beds in March. After one year, the seedlings were transplanted to nursery beds. The resulting 1-1 seedlings of 22 provenances were planted at Whaseong in 1978. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications were used for test plantation. Each provenance was planted with 20-tree row plot in each block and at a spacing of $1.8{\times}1.8m$. The growth performance of each provenance was monitored up to 33-years after planting. There were significant differences among provenances in volume growth. F3001 provenance showed the best volume growth of 33-years after planting ($0.160m^3$), which was 2.2 times greater than that of the lowest provenance W2027 ($0.072m^3$). The ranking of provenances was stabilized after 14 years. Comparing to reference tree species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), all Scots pine provenances showed poor growth performance. In other words, volume growth of Japanese red pine at age 28 and 33 were 2.1 and 3.3 times greater than that of Scots pine, respectively. Moreover, survival rate of Scots pine was lower than that of Japanese red pine. Based on these results, it was suggested that Scots pine was not suitable to Korean environments. The cause of maladaptation of Scots pine and the implications of introduction breeding were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.345-354
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soil amendment treatments, such as hydroball, and active carbon, and planting Pennisetum alopecuroides for reducing calcium chloride (CaCl₂) of soil leachate and the growth of Pennisetum alopecuroides. The experiment planted Pennisetum alopecuroides in a plastic pot with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 9 cm in a greenhouse April-October 2018. The experimental group comprised six treatments, including Non-treatment (Cont.), Hydroball (H), Active carbon (AC), planting Pennisetum alopecuroides (P), hydroball + planting Pennisetum alopecuroides (H + P), and active carbon + planting Pennisetum alopecuroides (AC + P). The dissolution of the CaCl₂ concentration 200ml of 10g/L was irrigated once every two weeks. We measured the growth (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves), EC, pH, and exchangeable cations (K⁺, Ca²⁺, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺) according to the high concentration of CaCl₂ in the plant and soil leachate. In a treatment with the 'hydroball' amendment, the soil leachate electrical conductivity (EC), and the cation exchangeable were decreased more than those of the control, while the growth of Pennisetum alopecuroides relative growth rate(RGR) increased. Overall, application with the hydroball amendment added the planting of Pennisetum alopecuroides improved the salt reduction effect more than the control group. These results indicate that the application of the soil amendment agent hydroball was suitable soil amendments in accordance with the high concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Also, Planting Pennisetum alopecuroides is expected to be appropriate for salt-tolerant plant for soil affected by deicing salt agents.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

This study has compared carbon storages, annual carbon uptakes and annual soil respiration by planting type in Dujeong park, Cheonan city. Four plantations were selected in Dujeong park: Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. We investigated each plantations from February 2012 to March 2013. Carbon storage and annual carbon uptake in each plantations were calculated with allometric method (Lee, 2003), and soil respiration was measured by using LI-6400 (LI-COR). Carbon storages in Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation, and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were $17.36tonCha^{-1}$, $88.63tonCha^{-1}$, $115.38tonCha^{-1}$ and 4$9.88tonCha^{-1}$, and annual carbon uptakes were $1.04tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $2.12tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $6.47tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and $3.67tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Average annual carbon uptakes per tree of Pinus densiflora plantation, Quercus acutissima community and Robinia pseudoacacia plantation were $1.81kgC{\cdot}treeyr^{-1}$, $17.86kgC{\cdot}treeyr^{-1}$ and $9.14kgC{\cdot}treeyr^{-1}$ and Quercus acutissima was the greatest. The amounts of carbon released from soil respiration in the same four plantations were $2.20{\mu}molCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$, $1.90{\mu}molCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$, $2.47{\mu}molCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and $2.51{\mu}molCO_2m^{-2}s^{-1}$, and annual soil respiration were estimated $6.66tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $5.33tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, $7.20tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$ and $7.25tonCha^{-1}yr^{-1}$, respectively. In this study area, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudoacacia plantation has a significant contribution to the role of carbon sink. However, the contribution of Pinus densiflora plantation was evaluated less. The results of this study can be used as the necessary data for tree planting and management in urban park.