Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회지)

The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture (한국조경학회)
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Scenario-Based Analysis on the Effects of Green Areas on the Improvement of Urban Thermal Environment

녹지 조성 시나리오에 따른 도시 열환경 개선 효과 분석

  • Min, Jin-Kyu (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Eum, Jeong-Hee (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Sung, Uk-Je (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Son, Jeong-Min (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Kim, Ju-Eun (Forest Ecology Division, Korea Forest Research Institute)
  • 민진규 (경북대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 엄정희 (경북대학교 산림과학․조경학부 조경학전공 ) ;
  • 성욱제 (경북대학교 대학원 조경학과) ;
  • 손정민 (경북대학교 대학원 조경학과 ) ;
  • 김주은 (국립산림과학원 산림생태연구과 )
  • Received : 2022.09.16
  • Accepted : 2022.10.20
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

To alleviate the urban heat island phenomenon, this study aims to quantitatively analyze the effects of neighborhood green spaces on the improvement of the thermal environment based on detailed scenarios of five types of green spaces, including parks, pocket parks, parking lot greening, roadside planting, and rooftop-wall greening. The ENVI-met 4.4.6v model, a microclimate simulation program, was used to analyze the effects of green spaces. As a result, it was found that the air temperature decreased as the planting density of the park increased, but the thermal comfort index PET, which is the degree of heat sensation felt by humans, was not directly proportional to temperature. The establishment of a pocket park reduced air temperature up to a radius of 56m, while the range of temperature reduction increased by about 12.5% when three additional pocket parks were established at 250m intervals. Unlike the air temperature, PET was only affected in the vicinity of the planted area, so there was no significant difference in the thermal comfort of the surrounding environment due to the construction of pocket parks. Changing the surface pavement from asphalt to lawn blocks and implementing rooftop or wall greening did not directly act as solar shading but positively affected air temperature reduction; PET showed no significant difference. Roadside planting showed a higher air temperature reduction effect as the planting interval was narrower, but PET was not directly proportional to tree density. In the case of shrub planting under trees, it did not significantly affect the air temperature reduction but positively affected the improvement of thermal comfort. This study can outline strategies for constructing neighborhood green spaces to solve the urban heat island phenomena and establish detailed strategies for efficient thermal environment improvements.

본 연구는 도시화 과정에서 발생한 도시 열섬현상을 완화하기 위해 도시 내에서 시행할 수 있는 생활권 녹지 조성 방법인 근린공원 조성, 소공원 조성, 주차장 녹화, 가로수 식재, 옥상·벽면 녹화 다섯 가지의 유형에 대해 세부 녹화 시나리오를 설정하여 열환경 개선 효과를 정량적으로 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 열환경 개선 효과를 확인하기 위해 미기후 시뮬레이션 프로그램인 ENVI-met 4.4.6v 모델을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 공원의 식재 밀도가 높아질수록 기온이 낮아졌으나 사람이 느끼는 온열 체감 정도인 열쾌적성 지수 PET는 기온과 정비례하지 않았다. 수목이 증가하며 기온은 감소하였으나 상대습도가 소폭 증가 및 풍속이 다소 감소하였으며, 특히 PET에 많은 영향을 미치는 평균 복사온도가 수목 밀도와 정비례하지 않아 PET 역시 기온과 다른 양상을 보였다. 소공원은 한 개소 조성 후 효과를 확인하였을 때 최대 56m 반경까지 기온 저감 영향을 주었고, 250m 간격으로 세 개소를 추가 조성한 경우 기온 저감 범위가 약 12.5% 증가하였다. 기온과 달리 PET는 식재된 수목 영역 인근만 영향을 미쳐 소공원 조성 후 주변 환경의 열쾌적성은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 지표면 포장을 아스팔트에서 잔디블록으로 변경하거나 옥상 및 벽면녹화 시행 등은 직접적인 일사 차양의 역할을 하지 않으나 기온 저감에 긍정적인 효과를 주었고, PET는 세 유형 모두 조성 전후 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 가로수는 식재 간격이 좁을수록 더 높은 기온 저감 효과를 보였으나, PET는 수목 밀도와 정비례하지 않았다. 가로수 하부 관목 식재의 경우 기온 저감에는 큰 영향을 주지 않으나 열쾌적성 개선에는 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 본 연구는 도시 열섬현상 해소를 위한 생활권 녹지 조성 전략을 개괄적으로 제시하고 효율적인 열환경 개선을 위한 세부 전략을 수립하는 데에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행되었음(NRF-2019R1A2C1011042).

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