• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2022

Vegetation is the basis for biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), which is the most direct and efficient policy measure to prevent degradation of nature, vegetation-related assessment has limitations as it is not based on quantitative and scientific methods. In addition, it focuses on the presence of protected species; hence, it does not take into account the role of vegetation as a habitat on a wide-area scale. As a way to overcome these limitations, this study aims to contribute to the quantification and advancement of future EIA on vegetation. Through the review of previous studies, core areas, connectivity, and vegetation condition were derived as the items to be dealt within the macroscopic aspect of vegetation impact assessment. Each item was spatially constructed using land cover maps and satellite imageries, and time series change analysis was performed. As a result, it was found that vegetation has been continuously deteriorating due to development in all aspects, and in particular, development adversely affects not only the inside of the project site but also the surrounding area. Although this study suggested the direction for improvement of the EIA in the vegetation sector based on data analysis, a more specific methodology needs to be established in order to apply it to the actual EIA process. By actively utilizing various environmental spatial data, the impact of the development on the natural ecosystem can be minimized.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.489-497
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• 2011

In this study the main purpose is to reduce non-point source pollution and improve water quality of Hoeya reservoir using constructed wetlands. As part of the efforts to improve water quality of the reservoir, cattail and reed-wetland cells were constructed in front of the reservoir to remove nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P). Also, effects of hydraulic and seasonal variation on removal efficiencies of N and P were investigated. Total P and N removal efficiencies of the wetland system were approximately 20.7% and 42.7%, respectively. Removal efficiencies of N and P during the growth season (july to august) and blooming season of cattail and reed (september to october) were higher than other seasons. These results suggest that wetland system could be an effective alternative for control of non-point source pollutnat such as N and P of reservoir.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1965-1970
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 하천 물리모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 청미천 유역의 본류에 대한 하천 수변환경을 평가하였다. 평가 지침은 수생태 건강성 평가에서 제시된 지침을 따랐다. 평가 결과, 죽산천과 청미천 합류부 지점은 2등급으로 생태서식 여건이 좋은 편으로 나타났다. 모래로 된 교호사주가 좌우안 넓은 지역에 걸쳐 형성되어 있고, 하중도 및 식생 사주도가 형성되어 식생활착이 왕성하며, 주로 달뿌리풀 위주의 군락이 형성되어 있었다. 특히 합류점 상류 본천은 자연하천의 모습을 간직하고 있었으며, 양안에는 식생과 수목이 왕성하게 자연적으로 형성되어 있었다. 화봉천과 청미천 합류부 지점에서의 수변환경 모니터링 조사 결과, 하도는 정비되어 있으나 저수로는 사행을 유지하고 있으며, 제외지의 토지이용 상태와 하천 복개율 및 횡방향 인공구조물 상태는 비교적 바람직한 것으로 나타났다. 하도 내 저수로는 호안공이 설치되지 않고 흐름의 다양성 자연스럽게 형성되어 있다. 이 지점은 하천환경이 비교적 잘 보전되어 있어, 지속적인 보전을 위한 유지관리가 요구된다. 특히 죽산천에 축산 농가 및 시가지의 확장으로 오염원이 증가되고 이들이 하천으로 유입될 우려가 있다. 생태환경을 보전하기 위한 비점오염원 유입 차단 및 수질개선 대책이 우선시되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2017

Recently, long-lasting landscape of the Naesung Stream has been changed due to encroachment of vegetation. To analyze patterns and causes of these changes, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT) has been carried out long-term monitoring research for the 56.8 km long study reach of the Naeseong Stream. Using the consecutive airborne LiDAR survey data obtained from 2012~2016, changes of channel bed forms such as bars could be detected. For the last four years of monitoring, mid-channel bars has been formed along the straight reaches and the existing bars showed vertical accretion caused by deposition on the vegetated surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.911-922
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• 2012

This study aim that definite the relationship between coastal environment and different sand bar communities, as well as to analyze their spatial distribution of barrier island in the Nakdong river estuary. Survey method follow by Braun-Blanquet(1965) and there a total of 118 relev$\acute{e}$'s were undertaken. Definition of the relationships between species and environmental variables with Canonical Correlation Analysis(CCoA) and that to applied these relev$\acute{e}$'s with the RIM(Kim and Kim, 2006) program and that to classification used the SYN-TAX 2000 program(Podani 1979). On the basis of about 118 phytosociological releve's, the vegetation of xeric and hydric type was arranged in twelve plant communities: Xeric type-Pinus thunbergii community,Vitex rotundifolia community, Carex pumila community, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community and Calystegia soldanella community, Hydric type-Salix dependens-Calamagrostis epigeios community, Calamagrostis epigeios-Phragmites communis community, Phragmites communis-Ischaemum aristatum community, Phragmites communis community, Scirpus planiculmis community and Suaeda glauca-S. japonica community.These plant communities represents sand dune vegetation and salt marsh vegetation. Widely distributing types in the actual vegetation map were sea club-rush community, reed community in salt marsh, and dry grassland. The edge in the coastal sand bars has zonation that almost distribution by the reed community in salt marsh. But outside of it were distributed sea club-rush community. Dry grassland type distributes higher zone of the center in coastal sand bars. Respectively, the coastal sand dune and salt marsh vegetation types were distributed ocean and inland on the frontier of it.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

Bioretention systems, an advance low impact development and green infrastructure approach were currently utilized in different parts of the world because it promotes biodiversity thereby mimicking and preserving the pre-developed state of an area. This study investigated and compared the capability of four bioretention systems to identify factors affecting the hydraulic capabilities and pollutant removal efficiencies of each system. The two bioretention type A referred as Type A-C and Type A-FC were planted with perennials such as Chrysanthemum and Fan columbine, respectively. On the other hand, the two type B bioretention systems referred as Type B-A and Type B-JM were planted with shrub plant species such as Azalea and Japanese Meadowsweet, respectively. Based on the results, TV, infiltration mechanism, filter media depth and plant species were identified as the factors affecting the difference in flow attenuation, retained volume and pollutant removal efficiency of Type A-C, Type A-FC, Type B-A and Type B-JM bioretention systems. The design of bioretention Type B-A and Type B-JM were advantageous considering greater volume retention, groundwater recharge, longer HRT and peak flow attenuation and greater pollutant removal efficiency. On the other hand, the design of bioretention Type A-C and Type A-FC was more appropriate for design considering reduced groundwater contamination.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.81-91
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• 2021

Synthetic Apreture Radar (SAR) is attracting attentions with its possibility of producing high resolution data that can be used for soil moisture estimation. High resolution soil moisture data enables more specific observation of soil moisture than existing soil moisture products from other satellites. It can also be used for studies of wildfire, landslide, and flood. The SAR based soil moisture estimation should be conducted considering vegetation, which affects backscattering signals from the SAR sensor. In this study, a SAR based soil moisture estimation at regions covered with various vegetation types on the middle area of Korea (Cropland, Grassland, Forest) is conducted. The representative backscattering model, Water Cloud Model (WCM) is used for soil moisture estimation over vegetated areas. Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) and in-situ soil moisture data are used as input factors for the model. Total 6 study areas are selected for 3 vegetation types according to land cover classification with 2 sites per each vegetation type. Soil moisture evaluation result shows that the accuracy of each site stands out in the order of grassland, forest, and cropland. Forested area shows correlation coefficient value higher than 0.5 even with the most dense vegetation, while cropland shows correlation coefficient value lower than 0.3. The proper vegetation and soil moisture conditions for SAR based soil moisture estimation are suggested through the results of the study. Future study, which utilizes additional ancillary vegetation data (vegetation height, vegetation type) is thought to be necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.454-454
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• 2021

하천 환경에 대한 최근의 사회적 관심은 하천횡단구조물에 대한 평가를 기존의 이□치수적 관점에서 환경□생태학적 관점으로 변화시키고 있다. 이는 자연하천(특히 충적하천)이 수공구조물에 가로막히면 일반적으로 유사, 식생 등의 하천 제반 환경에 부정적인 영향을 준다는 전제에서 댐에 대한 평가가 시작되는 것으로, 국내에서는 이러한 인식의 변화가 2010년대 이후 널리 퍼지면서 현재는 더 이상 신규 댐을 건설할 수 없게 되었다. 댐에 의한 수리 특성과 기후 변화 등으로 댐 하류하천의 유사, 식생, 생태변화는 최근 급격하게 진행되었지만, 정량적인 변화량 및 지표 도출에 대한 연구는 대부분 최근의 data를 반영하지 못하고 있어 관련 원인과 대책 제시에 다소 한계가 있다고 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 낙동강 주요 지류 중 하나이며, 충적하천인 황강을 대상으로 가용한 data를 활용하여, 합천댐 건설 전□후의 유사, 식생변화로 대표되는 하천 환경변화를 정량적으로 분석하고, 변화 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 유사환경의 변화 분석은 댐 건설 전부터 최근까지의 문헌들에서 조사□제시된 data를 이용하였다. 연도별 최심 및 평균하상고는 댐 건설 전과 비교해 1.0 m가량 감소하였는데, 댐에 의한 세류사 공급차단보다는 골재 채취 및 하도 정비 등이 지배적인 원인인 것으로 파악되었다. 유사 입경의 변화는 댐 건설 전 대비 조립화가 진행되어 모래비율이 감소하고 유사 입경(댐 직하류 약 2배)이 증가하였다. 이는 골재 채취 및 댐에 의한 세류사 차단에 기인한 것으로, 준설된 지역의 하상이 모래 대신 자갈로 대체되고 있기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 유사량의 경우 몇 번의 조사 과정이 있었으나, 기준이 명확하지 않아 정량적인 변화는 파악하기 어려웠다. 제외지의 식생 분포는 본 연구에서 개발한 이미지 처리 기법을 동원하여 분석하였으며, 대상은 합천댐 하류 중 모래 사주의 비율이 큰 곳을 선택(3지점)하였다. 분석 결과 2008~2011년 이전까지 큰 폭으로 사주가 식생 서식처로 변화(약 20%)되었으며, 이후 큰 변화 없이 안정화 된 경향을 보였다. 이는 2009~2011년 동안 식생이 활착되는 봄~초여름의 강우량 감소, 댐의 홍수조절 및 하상 조립화로 인한 다년생 식생의 활착되고 성장할 시간이 확보되면서 홍수 등 외부 변화에 대한 식생의 대응 능력이 증가했기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 합천댐이 황강 환경변화에 주는 영향은 분명하지만, 현재 상황은 기후 변화와 인위적인 골재채취도 주요 원인으로 판단되는 바, 향후 하천 환경 개선 계획 수립 시 이러한 변화 원인이 고려된 대책이 수립되어야 할 것이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.445-452
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• 2012

This study is used to analyze the distribution of resistance factors and the relationships of flow resistance with the field measurements which consist of the total 2,604 rivers for 1,865 bed material in natural channels and 739 vegetation in vegetated channels. Resistance factor relationships and distribution range of Manning roughness coefficients and Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficients by the regression analysis are derived from the power law form as a function of flow discharge and friction slope with bed materials and vegetations in natural and vegetated rivers, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.78-88
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• 1999

거제도 노자산지역의 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위해 43개 조사구(각 조사구당 10m$\times$10m)를 거제휴양림 임도 주변과 노자산 북사면에 설정하고 식생조사를 실시하였다. 식생조사자료를 이용 TWINSPAN에 의한 classification과 DCA에 의한 ordinationqnstjr을 실시하였다. TWINSPAN분석과 DCA분석 결과 소사나무군집(군집I), 소나무군집(군집II), 졸참나무군집(군집(III), 고로쇠나무, 느티나무, 비목나무, 까치박달 등을 우점종으로 하는 낙엽활엽수군집(군집IV)의 4개 군집으로 분리되었다. 식물군집구조 분석 결과 노자산지역의 식생은 소나무$\longrightarrow$졸참나무군집$\longrightarrow$낙엽활엽수군집으로 생태적 천이가 이루어질 것으로 판단되었으며, 소사나무군집은 해발고도가 높고 건조한 지역에 나타나는 토지극상으로 판단되었다.