• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 1995

Anatomical and biochemical changes of the corn root injured by the root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus vulnus, were examined to understand the interactions between the nematode and the crop which can be applied to a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode and the crop which can be applied to be a breeding program for nematode-resistant crop. The nematode entered the cortex of corn root through its epidemis. They moved to other cortical cells by breaking their cell walls. They, finally, gathered around the endodermis of the roots and the bases of the root hairs. Parasitism of the nematode formed cavities within the root tissues where the females laid eggs. Major root damage by the nematode occurred in the cortical cells where must cell walls were broken and crushed to form empty spaces. These empty spaces in the base of the root resulted in this breakdown. Damage-induced biochemical changes of the corn roots were analysed by their total protein patterns and esterase activities in both control and nematode-infected roots. Denaturing gel did not show any significant difference in the banding patterns between them. Esterase patterns and activities, also, were not significantly different between the infected and the control roots.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2013

The genus Actinidia has been recorded as having total six taxa, composed of four species and two varieties, in Korea. However, its taxonomy remains complex because of disagreement on taxonomic characters used for species boundaries. Based upon morphological, anatomical, and palynological characters, we re-evaluated species delimitations in the genus Actinidia. Critical observation of wild populations and extensive herbarium materials including types were also carried out. It is generally considered that leaf thickness and shape, hair type and color were important diagnostic characters to identify species, but these characters were insufficient to be diagnostic characters because of their wide variation ranges. On the other hands, pith pattern, winter bud protrusion rate, scale leaf number, anther color, fruit shape, and maturity season were taxonomic significance. A. arguta var. platyphylla and A. arguta var. rufinervis have been identified by hair type and color, but these characters showed continuous variation in A. arguta. Therefore, two varieties are treated as synonyms of A. arguta. Consequently four species are recognized in Korea: A. polygama, A. kolomikta, A. rufa, and A. arguta. A key is provided, as well as complete descriptions of the species examined, including information on nomenclatural types, and synonymies.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

The seed morphology of 22 taxa (12 genera) of Solanaceae in Korea was studied by stereo and scanning electron microscopy, and a detailed description of seed morphological features for all examined taxa is provided. The color of the seed is yellow to black, and the shape is reniform to circular. Its size is 0.56-4.29 mm in length and 0.38-3.20 mm in width. The largest sample was found in Datural metel, while the smallest was in Petunia hybrida. Three different surface types (verrucate, verrucate-reticulate, and reticulate) were recognized in the studied taxa. The top of the anticlinal wall produces appendages known as 'fibrils'. This projection of anticlinal wall was found to be specific to the genus Solanum (S. japonense, S. lyratum, and S. lycopersicum). The morphological features (seed shape, size, color, hilum shape, surface type, and fibrils) of the family Solanaceae in Korea are described and their systematic implications are briefly discussed.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2021

Understanding the selective feeding behavior of zooplankton on phytoplankton is essential for evaluating the nutrient cycle and energy flow in the food web. Although many studies have been conducted regarding the feeding behaviors of zooplankton through gut content analyses, there are limitations in the visual identification of digested contents using a microscope. DNA techniques have been applied to overcome these limitations since they can detect and amplify small amounts of prey DNA remaining in the gut contents. We designed a method to extract prey DNA from the gut contents of the whole body of the copepod specimen and tested the resolution of DNA identification for the prey phytoplankton. The common brackish species, Sinocalanus tenellus, were collected from Saemangeum Reservoir in different sites and seasons, and gut content DNA was extracted using 2.5% bleach treatment for 2 min for removal of potential contamination sources existing in preserved specimens without dissolution of the body. The sequences of the extracted gut contents were confirmed using BLASTn suite based on the NCBI database. The phytoplankton species detected in the gut showed temporal and spatial differences. Although DNA analysis of small copepod gut contents has been suggested as an effective method to examine the dynamics of primary prey sources at the genus or species level, uncertainties such as misidentification and limitations in the detailed information of the composition still exist.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1994

Wasong(Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) has been used as anti-cancer medicinal plants from ancient time. This experiment was conducted to obtain some fundamental informations concerning anatomical study, germination test, soil analysis of indigenious districks, adaptaion of soil for wasong. The leaf of wasong was xerotype with spine, mesophyl chloroplast is dense surrounded vascular bundle, with a many large water storage tissue without chloroplast, and was bifacial stomata leaf type. The stem of wasong was amphicribral vascular bundle, central cylinder was cylinder type and protostele. Root was polarch type, potoxylem of it's was arranged in ring shape of annulation and metaxylem. The structure of flower was cymose, was caylyx of 5 sepals, corolla of 5 petals, roecium of 10 stames, ovules of five, placentation parietal, ovary superior, axile placenta. The optimum temperature for seed germination was $25^{\circ}C$ under light and germination percentage was 22.5%. Dormancy breaking was effective for 6-8 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ and at 100 ppm level of $GA_3$ The soil analysis of wasong local districks, content of available $P_2O_5$, Ca were higer than optimal level of upland and C.E.C., exchangeable k was not significantly different of that, but exchangeable magnesium was very low. The growth of wasong was affected draining regardless soil combination treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-61
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• 1999

The leaf morphological and anatomical characters about 17 taxa of Aster and its allied taxa were investigated to estimate taxonomic values. Leaf shapes of the treated taxa were divided into five types; elliptic, spathulate, lanceolate, linear, ovatodeltoid. These types were fixed in same taxa, but variable among different taxa, therefore useful as taxonomic character. Leaf margins were divided into four types; entire, serrate, dentate, incised, these types were invariable in most taxa, but variable among individual in same taxa such as Kalimeris incise, Aster spathulifolius. The size and shape of leaf epidermal cell, the size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata, deposit feature of cuticle were not distinguished clearly from treated taxa, but presence of stomata on adaxial surface, size and distributional numbers per 10$\textrm{mm}^2$ of stomata were useful taxonomic characters in some taxa such as Gymnaster koraiensis, Aster altaicus var. uchiyamae, Aster tripolium, Heteropappus arenarius. The leaf trichomes were divided into five types by basic form, sculpturing on their outer surface and cell arrangement; uniseriate granulate conical type, uniseriate psilate conical type, uniseriate psilate filiform type, globular type, biseriate vesicular capitate type. In spite of various habitat, basic morphology of trichomes were not changed, therefore, it was thought to be good taxonomic character.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 1995

Rice is one of the most successful monocot in regenerating fertile and genetically stable transgenic plants. However there is no report of a rice line developed in Korea that can be used for regeneration of fertile and genetically stable transformants. In this paper we first demonstrate that a Korean variety Nakdongbyeo, is suitable to obtain transgenic rice plants. Protoplasts from embryogenic suspension cultures were co-transformed with HPT (hygromycin phosphotransferase) and GUS ($\beta$-glucuronidase) genes in separate plasmids in the presence of PEG (polyethylene glycol). In 5 independent experiment, the average frequency of calli showing hygromycin resistance were 1.73%. Plantlets were regenerated from the Hy $g^{R}$ calli. The average efficiency of plantlet regeneration was apprbximately 27%. Based on the GUS activities of hygromycin resistant calli, ca.35% of the resistant calli carried active GUS genes. The R0 transgenic plantlets were grown to maturity and Rl seeds were obtained. By examining the in siぉ activity of GUS in Rl seeds and seedlings, we confirmed that the GUS transgene driven by a CaMV 35S (cauliflower mosaic virus) promoter showed proper expression patterns. We also confirmed Mendelian segregation of the HPT transgene in the Rl generation.n.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2014

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Poaceae) and Oenothera rosea L'H$\acute{e}$r. ex Aiton (Onagraceae) were newly reported in Korea. L. rigidum, 'Daeng-Dol-Bo-Ri', was found at roadside of Yesong beach, Yesong-ri, Bogil-myeon, and roadside of Myeongsasimni beach, Sin-ri, Sinji-myeon, in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do. It was distinguished from L. mutiflorum Lam by spikelet 10-20 mm long, florets 2-10(-13), and obtuse lemma, awn absent or up to 3-8(-10) mm. O. rosea, 'Ae-Ki-Bun-Hong-Nat-Dal-Mat-I-Kkot', was found in side of Wondong wetland, Yongdang-ri, Wondong-myeon, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This taxon was distinguishable from other Oenothera in Korea by following combination of characters, stem erect to ascending, petal 5-12 mm long, pink to bright purple. Descriptions and illustrations of the two taxa and their photographs in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Lolium and Oenothera from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2009

$Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ L. ($Iso{\ddot{e}}taceae$) is difficult to identify among the infrageneric taxa because of morphological simplicity. Since two species (I. japonica and I. coreana) had been reported, I. jejuensis and I. hallasanensis were described as two new species from Jeju Island, South Korea. The habitats of all species were confirmed by current studies except for I. japonica. We compared the morphological and anatomical characters of seven species, three domestic species and four species in adjacent regions (I. taiwanensis, I. sinensis, I. japonica, and I. asiatica). I. asiatica differs from other species in the lobe number of corm, spreading sporophylls, lack of stomata and degree of velum development. All of the seven species were identified by the characteristics of their mega- and microspores. Especially, it was possible to identify the four species in South Korea by the types of ornamentation on their megaspores. Each species has a specific type of megaspore ornamentation: I. coreana - cristate, I. jejuensis - rugulate, I. hallasanensis - echinate, and I. japonica - reticulate. We also discussed the phylogeny of the genus in East Asia in relation to recent studies based on the second intron of LEAFY sequence and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. We suggest strategies for the conservation of the endangered $Iso{\ddot{e}}tes$ species in South Korea.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2013

Objective : For the purpose of developing Korean herbalogy of the plants to Iridaceae in Korea, the literatures of the successive generations have been thoroughly investigated to prepare this article. Methods : The examined herbalogical books and research paper which published at home and abroad. Results : A list was made about Iridacease plant which are cultivated or grew naturally in Korea, after investigate the data on domestic and foreign Iridaceae plants. Out of those lists, serviceable plants were selected and with those available plants, their distributions were analysed and parts which can be used as medicines were divided into 3 categories such as oriental medicine name, scientific name and non-official name. Iridacease's properties flavor, channels they use and effects were also noted, not to mention their toxicity. Iridacease (grew in Korea) was divided into 6 classes with 32 species. Out of those, 5 classes with 11 species were found serviceable which indicates 34% of all. Out of all 32 specified Iridacease plants, Iris plants were found 27 species, which were shown the most. And 7 classes of Iris plants were also selected the most in serviceable Iridacease. Out of all serviceable parts in Iridaceae, root parts took first place as 6 species. Conclusion ; There were totaled to 6 genera and 32 species in Iridaceae in Korea and among them medicinal plants are 5 genera, 11 species, some 34% in total.