• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2011

Today, the name of Changjiang (Yangtze) Delta Region is used to designate an economic region which consists of sixteen cities including Shanghai City. The region has achieved the highest rate of economic growth in the world as well as in China since China its opened its toward the world market. The aim of this study is to examine the modern transition of spatial structure in the region after the opening (1978) and the membership of WTO (2000). In the examination, the study divides the spatial structure into three aspects: industrialization, urbanization and economic integration. The outcome of examination suggests that spatial division of industry, horizontally and vertically, has not reached a satisfactory level even if it is still in progress. The study proposes that the intervention of government in the market and company activity has hindered the spatial division of industry including service sector between the cities, and thus the economic integration. It further suggests that the specialization of urban function has not entered into the maturing stage, with the shortage of mid-size cities that would mediate spatial-economically between the large-size cities and the small-size cities in the urban hierarchy.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.357-363
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the geologic structure of the basement and overlying sediments of the construction site of the dinosaur egg fossil museum in Hwasung, Gyeonggi Province through refraction seismology, drilling, and downward seismic velocity measurements in the drill holes. The construction site ($350{\times}750\;m^2$) is located in the reclaimed area south of Sihwa Lake, Gojeong-ri. About 6,950 m of seismic refraction data consisting of 11 lines were acquired using a sledge hammer source. Drilling to the basement was performed at five sites. Sediment samples from drilling were analysed for grain-size distribution and age dating. At two drill holes, seismic velocity was measured with depth using a hammer as a seismic source. The geological structure of the study area consists of, from top to bottom, a tidal flat layer (5 ~ 12 m thick), a weathered soil layer (2 ~ 8 m thick), and the basement. The basement is interpreted as Cretaceous sedimentary rocks that tend to be shallow eastward. The volume of the tidal flat sediments and weathered soil in the study area is estimated as $1.4{\times}10^6\;m^3$, weighing $3.5{\times}10^6$ tons. The rate of sea level rise since 8,000 yrs BP is estimated to be 0.1 ~ 0.15 cm/yr.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2007

In response to anthropogenic global warming due to a buildup greenhouse gas, the effect of the air temperature on water temperature has been noticed. Therefore, effects have been made to build an air/water temperature relationship at three study regions using the data collected by the Ministry of the Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF). The air/water relationship varies with time-scale and weekly time-scale was chosen for the study. The data were fitted to the S-shaped non-linear relationship, and the parameters for the S-curve were derived using a single-criteria multi-parameter optimization scheme. Separate regression curves were fitted to consider seasonal hysteresis at the Masan site. The study results support the S-shaped non-linear relationship is the best fit for the air/water relationship at the Korean coastal zone. This study will contribute to determine the future policy regarding water quality and ecosystem for the decision-driving organization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Professional Engineer Association Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.46-68
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• 1995

근 반세기 동안에 세계에서 간척 사업이 가장 활발하였던 곳은 화란의 북해안과 우리 나라의 서남해안이다. 이는 한반도의 서해안을 말하는 것으로 북한까지 포함된 것을 말한다. 그간 우리 나라는 간척 사업에 의해 농지의 외연적인 확대로 쌀의 지급율을 높이는 데 일익을 담당한 것도 사실이다 우리 나라의 서해안은 간만의 차가 커서 \circled1간척지가 잘 발달되어 간척 적지가 많고, \circled2지구 내의 배수 방식이 외국에서처럼 기계 배수가 아니고 자연 배수가 가능하여 유지 관리비가 적게 든다. 그러나 \circled3 방조제. 축조시 불가피하게 강력한 조류속이 발생하지만 이에 견별 수 있는 자연 석재를 비롯하여 축제 재료의 구득이 용이하고, 돌망태 공법을 개발하여 공사가 용이하고 공사비도 저렴하다. 또한 태풍이나 해일에 의해 해면이 상승하는 기상조도 일본이나 화란의 3.5m인데 비해 우리 나라는 1.5m정도로 이들 나라에 비하여 같은 조건에서도 둑마루 높이가 2.0m정도가 낮아져 공사비도 저렴하고 외측 피복공 공사도 용이하다. 뿐만 아니라 서남 해안의 해안선은 굴곡이 심하고 연안에는 섬들이 산재하여 있어, 매립 면적당 방조제의 길이가 짧고, 공사의 단계별 추진이 용이하다. 간석지의 토질도 비교적 단단하여 방조제의 축조나 토지 이용에 적합하는 등, 자연적인 간척 여건은 세계에서 찾아볼 수 없는 천혜의 입지 조건을갖추고 있다. 그동안 우리 나라의 간척 기술은 8 . 15 광복 이후, 소규모 간척 사업을 시행하다가 60년대에 이르러 국가 경제 개발의 일환으로 추진된 동진강 간척사업을 필두로, 70년대에는 남양, 아산, 삽교천 방조제 공사를 시행하면서 우리 나라 여건에 부합되는 방조제 구조와 공법을 독자적으로 개발하였고, 80년대에는 영산강, 대호, 금강, 90년 초에는 영암방조제 공사들을 무리없이 성공시켰고, 독자적인 기술 개발이 촉진되어 1994년 1월에는 세계 간척사상 유출입 조석량이 가장 큰(9억m$^3$로 그간 우리나라 및 화란에서 시행하였던 큰 규모는 약 3~억 m$^3$ 내외임) 시화 방조제 끝막이 공사를 우리 나라가 개발한 구조와 공법으로 성공시켰으며, 이에 힘입어 유출입 조석량이 18억m$^3$인 새만금 간척 공사를 독자적인 우리 기술에 의해 계획대로 시행되고 있는 현시점에서 그간 우리 나라의 간척 기술개발 사항은 물론, 간척 사업 .전반적인 사항을 요약하였고, 세계 각국의 간척 사업과도 비교하여 우리나라 간척 사업에 대한 현주소를 여기에 소개한다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

This study was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity according to the species and varieties of winter forage crops in reclaimed land. Winter forage crops used in this study were developed in National Institute of Crop Science, RDA. Oats ('Samhan', 'Jopung', 'Taehan', 'Dakyung' and 'Hi-early'), forage barley ('Yeongyang', 'Yuyeon', 'Yujin', 'Dacheng' and 'Yeonho'), rye ('Gogu', 'Jogreen' and 'Daegokgreen') and triticale ('Shinyoung', 'Saeyoung', 'Choyoung', 'Sinseong', 'Minpung' and 'Gwangyoung') were planted in the reclaimed land of Sihwa district in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi-do in the autumn of 2018 and cultivated using each standard cultivation method, and harvested in May 2019(oat and rye: 8 May, barley and triticale: 20 May.) The emergency rate was the lowest in rye (84.4%), and forage barley, oat and triticale were in similar levels (92.8 to 98.8%). Triticale was the lowest (416 tiller/㎡) and oat was the highest (603 tiller/㎡) in tiller number. Rye was the earliest in the heading date (April 21), triticale was April 26, and oat and forage barley were in early May (May 2 and May 5). The plant height was the highest in rye (95.6 cm), and triticale and forage barley was similar (76.3 and 68.3cm) and oat was the lowest (54.2 cm). Dry matter(DM) content of rye was the highest in the average of 46.04% and the others were similar at 35.09~37.54%. Productivity was different among species and varieties, with the highest dry matter yield of forage barley (4,344 kg/ha), oat was similar to barley, and rye and triticale were lowest. 'Dakyoung' and 'Hi-early' were higher in DM yield (4,283 and 5,490 kg/ha), and forage barley were higher in 'Yeonho', 'Yujin' and 'Dacheng' varieties (4,888, 5,433 and 5,582 kg/ha). Crude protein content of oat (6.58%) tended to be the highest, and TDN(total digectible nutrient) content (63.61%) was higher than other varieties. In the RFV(relative feed value), oats averaged 119, while the other three species averaged 92~105. The weight of 1,000 grain was the highest in triticale (43.03 g) and the lowest in rye (31.61 g). In the evaluation of germination rate according to the salt concentration (salinity), the germination rate was maintained at about 80% from 0.2 to 0.4% salinity. The correlation coefficient between germination and salt concentration was high in oat and barley (-0.91 and -0.92) and lowest in rye (-0.66). In conclusion, forage barley and oats showed good productivity in reclaimed land. Adaptability is also different among varieties of forage crops. When growing forage crops in reclaimed land, the selection of highly adaptable species and varieties was recommended.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2018

2017년 겨울, 기록적인 한파로 인해 바다가 얼면서 인천 앞바다로 유빙이 유입되었다. 2013년 해상에서 유빙이 발견된 이후 약 5년만에 다시 유빙이 등장한 것이다. 중부청 소속 항공단 순찰결과에 따르면, 2018년 1월 12일 인천대교 인근 해상에서 최초로 발견된 이후 강화 연안, 영종도 북단 등 해상에서 광범위하고 불규칙한 형태로 유빙이 분포되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 유빙의 문제점은 해상에서 선박의 안전운항을 저해하고 경비함정의 안전에 지장을 초래하며 기름 유출 시, 유출유의 거동 특성이 달라져 일반적인 방제방법의 적용이 곤란한 점이다. 이에 따라 해상에서의 해양오염사고 대응방안 마련을 위해 저온 및 유빙 유입 해상에서 유출유의 거동 특성을 알아보았다. 구분인자를 극한의 추위(Extreme Cold), 유빙(Pack Ice), 정착빙(Fast Ice) 3가지로 분류하여 기름의 성상변화 및 시사점을 살펴보고, 유출된 기름의 효율적 방제를 크게 3가지로 분류(기계적 봉쇄 및 회수, 화학적 분산제의 사용, 현장소각)하였다. 일반적인 방제장비를 저온 및 얼음분포 해상에서 사용 시 슬러시화 된 얼음으로 인해 유출유 회수가 어렵고, 동결온도에서 장비가 오작동할 우려가 있다. 이미 북유럽 국가에서는 극한의 추위와 얼음분포 해상에 특화된 방제장비를 도입하여 해양오염대비 대응을 하고 있다. 2003년 3월 발틱해에서 불법적으로 유출한 선저폐수를 특화 장비는 brush bucket 유회수기 이용 방제조치한 사례가 있으며, 2006년 5월 같은 장소에서 선박 침몰로 인한 기름 유출이 발생했을때도 brush bucket 유회수기 이용 방제조치를 하였다. 국내에도 이상 기후로 인해 기록적인 한파가 지속되면서 북극에서나 볼 법한 유빙들이 발견되고, 해양오염사고는 언제 어디서나 발생할 수 있으므로, 해양오염방제의 임무를 맡고 있는 국가기관으로써 특수한 환경까지도 고려하여 대응방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 해양오염이 재난으로 인식되고 있는 상황에서, 그리고 지구온난화로 인한 이상기후변화가 지속되는 상황에서 겨울철 유빙 유입은 점점 더 많아질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 자료나 방제경험이 부족하므로 일찌감치 북극항로 개발로 앞선 방제기술과 경험을 가지고 있는 북극이사회를 벤치마킹하여 관할 해역 특성에 맞는 대응방안을 고찰해 본다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.447-465
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• 2004

This paper is to analyze citizens' consciousness on urban changes, especially focusing on changes in urban environment, spatial structure, and urban planning, of large cities in S. Korea, that is, Seoul, Daejeon, Daegu, and Kwangju in the 1990s. Some significant points can be described as follows. First. The most important factor influencing on the change of urban spatial structure was the expansion of residential area inner and outside of cities promoted by the traditional construction industry, and not development of high-tech industries and their complex or location of multi-national firms which can be emphasized as major factors of new urbanization process of global cities. Secondly, citizens seem to have experienced improvement and deterioration of urban environment simultaneously, emphasizing regulatory environmental policy on the one hand, and recognize the necessity of sustainable urban development within given environmental capacity and restoration of destructed and polluted environment of cities. Thirdly, the building boom of new apartment complex was a major driving force of changing urban spatial structure, but it could neither alleviate a residential gap between the poor and the rich areas nor a relief of traffic congestion. Finally, the urban policy in general was felt somewhat improved by citizens, but not in sectoral details.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Dissolved nutrients in seawater are recognized as an essential biogeochemical factor for detecting global environmental changes. The importance of nutrient reference material for seawater has been increased greatly for the comparison of nutrient data, measured in different time and space in global ocean by various researchers with different levels in nutrient analysis skill. In this study, we described the homogeneity and stability of nutrient reference material for seawater using natural seawater, collected at a station of Shihwa Lake, at a coastal station near Uljin (surface water), and at a station over the Ulleung Basin (surface water and 1500 m depth water) and sterilized. Based on the homogeneity data, the nutrient reference materials has similar homogeneity compared to other nutrient reference materials. During 3-13 month period, there was no unidirectional trend of increase or decrease in nutrient concentration of newly developed nutrient reference material for seawater. However, a sustained measurement is required to check stability for longer period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3340-3353
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• 2009

This paper aims to study the effect of academia-industrial cooperation on the technical innovation of small and medium-sized companies. A survey was conducted on about 1,100 businesses located in the Sihwa-Banwol industrial estate to analyze the consequence of three factors of academia-industrial cooperation. the joint use of equipments, technological support of universities to businesses, and cooperative technological development through technical guidance-on entrepreneurial capability and their knowledge-absorption ability, and ultimately on their technological innovation,. The validity of the survey result was tested through the Structural Equation Model. On the basis of the comparison between companies which have participated in academy-industry cooperation and companies which have not, this paper suggests that venture businesses should take advantage of the cooperation with universities to boost their competitiveness. The analysis of the three individual factors of the academy-industry cooperation based on the Structural Equation Model shows that all of them have remarkable influence on entrepreneurial capability, but that they don't have as much impact on businesses' knowledge absorption ability. However, the outcome of technological innovation of businesses is primarily influenced by entrepreneurial capability rather than their knowledge absorption ability. The survey also shows that the three factors of the cooperation have an equal impact on the competitiveness of companies regardless of their business type or their products' growth stages. As the companies involved in academy industry cooperation outweigh other businesses, in terms of technological innovation, the numbers of new product development, and the numbers of their process improvement cases, this paper argues that new strategies should be taken for the businesses to fully take advantage of academy-industry cooperation.