• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.273-281
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• 2004

A feeding trial was conducted with Euglena strains grown under different media. The effect of supplementation of Euglena on the performance, nutrient availability and fatty acid composition of breast muscle was studied. In experiment I, two hundred ten hatched broiler chicks (Ross) were assigned to seven dietary treatments for 5 weeks. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications with 10 birds each. Control diet was formulated to have $22\%$ CP and 3,150 kcal ME/kg for starter diet, $19\%$ CP and 3,200 kcal ME/kg for finisher diet. Euglena gracilis Z. (EG) was added to control diet at the plevel of 0.25, 0.5, $1.0\%$ and Euglena gracilis Z. bleached and DHA enriched (EGBD; a strain mutated by streptomycin and cultivated in DHA enriched medium) at the level of 0.5, 1.0, $2.0\%$ in the diet. In experiment 2, two hundred fifty hatched broiler chicks (Ross) were assigned to five dietary treatments: T1; Control, T2; T1 + Euglena gracilis Z. DHA enriched (EGD; cultivated in DHA enriched medium) $0.5\%$, T3; T1 + EGD $1.0\%$, T4; T1 + EGBD $0.5\%$, T5; T1 + EGBD $1.0\%$. The weight gain and feed consumption were measured weekly. Fatty acid composition of breast muscle was determined. In experiments I and 2, Euglena supplementation had no significant effects on weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. In experiment 1, EGBD treatments significantly increased DHA concentration but decreased concentration of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid in breast muscle. EGBD 2% treatment showed the highest DHA concentration (14.27%) which is 3.9 times of that of the control ($3.66\%$). In experiment 2, $1.0\%$ EGBD treatment showed highest EPA, lignoceric acid and DHA level in breast muscle (P<0.05). Also, EGD treatments significantly increased DHA and EPA concentration. It was concluded that EGBD and EGD can be supplemented to broiler diet to produce DHA enriched broiler meat.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1993

소 난자의 시험관내 수정시 이성체인 1, 2 propanediol과 1, 3 propanediol과의 동결보호제의 이용에 대한 독성효과를 조사하였다. 프랑스에 있는 도축장의 난소에서 채취한 미성숙 난자 212개를 시험관내 성숙과 heparin(10$\mu$g/ml)첨가에 의한 수정 및 배양을 실시하였다. 소 난자의 시험관내 성숙과 수정시 propanediol의 독성효과를 시험한 결과 1,3 propanediol은 80%의 정상 난할분할율과 5.7%의 낮은 다핵분할구율을 나타내었다. 이것은 1,2 propanediol의 73.9%, 10.3%와 미처리대조구의 73.9%, 7.7%와 비교되었으나 처리간의 유의성은 없었다. Heparin 처리구는 1,2 propanediol의 첨가 유무에 관계없이 미처리구에 대하여 고도의 유의성 차이가 인정되었다. (P<0.05)

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.975-984
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• 2005

This study fulfilled to investigate the feed efficiency, tissue selenium distribution, carcass characteristic and economic value in finishing Hanwoo steers fed organic selenium mix (OSM) which included seleno-yeast, rumen culture and other microbial supplements. Forty five finishing Hanwoo steers were tested for 4 months dividing to three feeding groups: OSM add as 0.5 ppm Se of DM feeds (0.5 ppm OSM), OSM enriched add as 1.0 ppm Se of DM feeds (1.0 ppm OSM) and basal diet without OSM (control). The total weight gains, the average daily gains and the feed intakes were not differ in treatments (p > 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) were noted for hot carcass weight, loin eye area, backfat thickness, meat yield index, meat color, fat color, tenderness and maturity. However, the 1.0 ppm OSM showed better performances for feed requirement, TDN per gain, meat yield grade and meat quality grade compared to other groups. Tissue selenium distribution was increased by organic selenium feeding: higher Se concentration in liver and rump of 0.5 ppm OSM (p < 0.05), and kidney, liver, sirloin and rump of 1.0 ppm OSM (p < 0.05) than the tissues of control group. Generally, tissue selenium was the highest value in 1.0 ppm OSM and showed higher concentrate in order; kidney, liver, sirloin and rump. The income over feed cost was 1.06-fold higher in 1.0 ppm OSM than control group. In conclusion, organic selenium mix supplementation and its amounts were not influenced to feed intake, body gain and carcass characteristic but significantly increased tissue selenium. Therefore, these results suggest that finishing Hanwoo steer fed an enriched organic selenium mix with proper probiotics is able to produce “high-Se” beef as high bioavailable form as well as create a beneficial opportunity on Hanwoo farm.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.195-202
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• 1998

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental dry powder of Rehmannia radix (RR) root on the growth performance and physiological status of broiler chicks. The treatments consisted of corn-soybean meal control diet, and RR 0.5, 1, and 2％ diets. A total of 160 Arbor Acre male broiler chicks were randomly allotted to 16 pens ; four pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The growth performance, feed intake and carcass weight did not show any differences among the treatment groups, but feed conversion was significantly lower (P< 0.05) in RR 1％ group than that of the control group. The muscle color was lighter (P < 0.05) in RR lof group than those of the other treatment groups. The blood concentrations of protein, glutamic-oxaloacetic-transaminase (GOT) and glutamic- pyruvic-transaminase (GPT) were not different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups, but the blood total cholesterol content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in RR 2％ group than those the other treatment groups. The blood concentration of sugar was lower (P <0.05) in RR 2％ group than those of the other treatment groups, and hemoglobin concentration was decreased (P <0.05) by addition RR. Crude fat content of thigh muscle was higher in RR 1％ group than those of the other treatment groups, and bone hardness of broiler chicks fed RR was higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. The saturated fatty acid content of the thigh muscle tende to be high in control and RR 0.5％ groups, and unsaturated fatty acid content tende to be high in RR 1 and 2％ groups than those of the other treatment groups

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

This study was carried out to control biennial weed which gives a lot of damage to landscaped and early growth of lawns in early spring. The results obtained from the mowing experiment are as follows. (1) Average of occurrence rate of weed species of the total treatments was 17.9%, (2) Occurrence rate of weed species was as 24.7% at 12.5 mm low mowing section. The rate indicates that the lowest weed depression effect was appeared at the lowest mowing among 4 mowing sections. (3) Occurrence rate of weed species was 10.6% at 22.5 mm mowing section. The highest weed depression effect among the 4 mowing sections was observed at the 22.5 mm mowing section. (4) Occurrence rates of weed species were 18.2% and 18.3% at 32.5 mm and 42.5 mm high mowing section, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.1285-1291
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of lotus leaf and lotus root powder on the quality characteristics of sponge cake. Percentages of 4, 8 and 12% of two kinds of lotus powder were added to the batter based on flour content. Baking and cooling loss rate, volume and specific loaf volume, crumb color, texture, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sensory evaluation of the products were analyzed. The baking and cooling loss rate of the control was lower than cakes with added lotus leaf and lotus root powder. The volume of the control was the largest, and as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, volume and specific loaf volume became smaller. The lightness and yellowness values of the control were higher than those of the experimental cakes, and the loaves with 12% added lotus root powder showed the lowest value. Redness of the experimental cakes increased. In the textual property evaluation, hardness of the control and sponge cakes containing 4% lotus leaf, and lotus root powder appeared to have the lowest value. As the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powder increased, hardness increased. Springiness showed the same tendency, but cohesiveness of the control revealed the lowest value. The structure of the cake crumb by SEM, revealed that the crumb cells and grains of the experimental cakes were opened and coarse, as the amount of lotus leaf and lotus root powders increased. In a sensory evaluation, sponge cakes containing lotus root powder were preferred rather than those with lotus leaf powder. As a result, good sponge cakes were prepared by adding 4% lotus leaf powder or 8% lotus root powder.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.861-869
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• 2010

Imitation crab stick samples were made from Alaska pollack with protein recovered from spent laying hens breast meat (C), Alaska pollack with spent laying hens breast recovered protein and cordyceps powder (T1), Alaska pollack with spent laying hens breast recovered protein and silkworm cocoon powder (T2), and Alaska pollack with spent laying hens breast recovered protein and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (T3). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein and crude fat among the imitation crab samples. pH was significantly higher in T2 and T3 compared with C and T1 after 4 weeks of storage. The values of $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, and W (whiteness) in T3 were found to be more stable during storage and W in T3 was significantly higher than other samples. T3 was significantly lower in hardness, brittleness, gumminess and adhesiveness after 4 weeks of storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBA) values decreased with storage, whereas volatile basic nitron (VBN) values increased with storage periods in all samples. In sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences in color, odor, taste, tenderness, juiciness and overall acceptability among the samples. T3 was significantly lowest in quality among the treated samples.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.543-547
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• 1995

This study was conducted to light intensity and night interruption on leaf production in perilla. Using two cultivars ; og-dong and Yeup-sil. The present studies were conducted to investigate effect of the light intensity and night interruption for prolongation of vegetative growth by flowering inhibition in the National Honam Crop Experiment Station, R. D. A, Iri, Korea. The results are summarized as followes, varietal differences of days to flower initiation were not significant by the light intensity and night interruption, however differences of days to flower initiation light intensity or night interruption treatment were higly significant. Flowering of perilla was prolongated in high light intensity and in long night interruption. Between the factors treated flowering of perilla was more influenced by light intensity than night interruption. Days to flower initiation of perilla were light intensity(0.5∼1 Lux) in 30 mins night interruption, however 3∼10 light intensity in 60 mins night interruption and 30∼100 Lux light intensity in 10, 30, 60 mins night interruption treatment were not flowering. Plant height, leaf area and dry weight of perilla were the highest in 30∼100 Lux light intensity treatment than in the other treatments. The results would be avaliable establish year-round production methods for low cost of perilla leaf.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.305-314
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• 2002

For the Exp. 1, a total of seventy two pigs (10.53${\pm}$0.02kg average initial body weight) were used in a 38-d growth assay to determine the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) supplementation on growth performance and fecal microbial populations. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-dried whey-SBM based diet), 2) SC0.2 (CON diet+0.2% SC) and 3) SC0.4 (CON diet+0.4% SC). Through the entire experimental period, ADG, ADFI and gain/feed were not significantly different among the treatments. At d 7 and 14 after the onset of the experiment, fecal Lactobacilli sp. count increased as the concentration of SC in the diets was increased (linear effect, P$<$0.01). At d 7 after the onset of the experiment, fecal Escherichia coli count decreased as the concentration of SC in the diets was increased (linear effect, P$<$0.02, quadratic effect, P$<$0.03). For the Exp. 2, forty five pigs (49.71${\pm}$0.45kg average initial body weight) were used in a 28-d growth assay to determine the effects of complex probiotics (CPB, Phichia anomala ST, Galactomyces geotrichum SR59, Thiobacillus sp.) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal $NH_3$-N and volatile fatty acid concentrations. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (corn-SBM based diet), 2) CPB0.2 (CON diet+0.2% CPB) and 3) CPB0.3 (CON diet+0.3% CPB). Through the entire experimental period, pigs fed CPB0.3 diet significantly increased their ADG compared to pigs fed CON and CPB0.2 diets (P$<$0.05). Also, apparent digestibility of DM and N in pigs fed CPB0.3 diet was greater than for pigs fed CON diet (P$<$0.05). Fecal $NH_3$-N decreased (P$<$0.05) in the pigs fed CPB diet compared to pigs fed CON diets. Also, pigs fed CPB0.3 diet significantly decreased their fecal propionic acid compared to pigs fed CON diets (P$<$0.05). In conclusion, the results obtained from these feeding trials suggest that the dietary SC for nursery pigs affects fecal microbial population. In finishing pigs, supplemental CPB was effective to improve ADG and nutrient digestibility but to decrease fecal noxious gas emission.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.801-818
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• 2007

This study was carried out to determine the effects of processing methods of barley as a proper source of grain in diets of Hanwoo on fermentation pattern in the rumen fluid and digestibility of the diets, the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo. The degree of ruminal pH change in the cows fed diets of the Corn(corn basis) and GDRB(ground and dry-rolled barley) tended to be greater than those in the cows fed other two diets (ground barley, GB and dry-rolled barley, DRB). The diet of GDRB showed the lowest ruminal pH(5.5), indicating the rapid degradation of the diet in the rumen. Although ammonia concentration was not affected by diet, the GR and DBR diets maintained the low concentrations of ruminal ammonia compared with other two treatments. And the effects of feeding processed barley grain on body weight gain and meat quality of Hanwoo steers were as follows. Steers fed DRB diet had the highest body weight, 683.0kg at 28 months old, while those fed the GDRB showed the lowest body weight, 653.3kg. The average daily gain(ADG) was similar between the steers fed Corn and GR throughout the whole period, but the GDRB showed the lowest ADG. The steers fed the DRB showed the significant increase in ADG(0.89kg/d from 19 to 23 months old and 0.43kg/d from 24 to 28 months old) compared with those fed other diets. Feeding diets containing corn and/or barley did not influence live body weight, cold carcass weight, carcass yield, back-fat thickness and carcass grade of Hanwoo steers.