• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.312-312
• /
• 2023

동진강 유역은 김제평야를 품고 있어 다른 지역에 비해 농지면적이 차지하는 비중이 크며, 이에 따라 전체 용수 사용량에서 농업용수의 비중이 절대적으로 높은 유역이다. 낙양 보는 동진강 중·상류에 위치한 이수시설로 상류에 위치한 섬진강댐과 같이 동진강 유역의 농업용수 공급에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 낙양 보는 현재 동진강 방수문 4문, 김제간선 취입수문 2문, 정읍간선 취입수문 1문이 설치되어 있다. 관개기에는 동진강 도수로의 수문을 폐쇄하여 동진강 본류로의 하천유지용수를 차단하고 김제 배수로의 수문을 운용하여 농업용수를 공급하고 있으며 수혜구역의 용수수요 변화 및 기상상황, 하천상황에 따라 탄력적으로 운영하고 있다. 이러한 가동 보 운영으로 인하여 다양한 수위-유량관계의 변동성이 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 가동 보 운영에 따른 수위-유량관계 곡선식의 변동성을 확인하기 위해 동진강 유역 낙양보 상류에 위치한 정읍시(거산교)관측소를 대상관측소로 선정하였다. 정읍시(거산교)관측소는 2012년에 개발된 수위-유량관계곡선을 2021년까지 사용하였고, 2022년 수위-유량관계곡선식 검증과 재개발을 위하여 유량측정을 실시하였다. 2012년에 개발된 수위-유량관계곡선은 검토 결과 강우에 의한 수위 상승시 보 완전 개방 상태의 측정성과를 확보하여 수위-유량관계 곡선식을 개발하였다. 그 결과 가동 보를 운영하는 3월~9월은 상류에 위치한 정읍시(행정교)관측소와 상하류 역전 현상이 발생하였고, 매년 비정상적인 유량이 산정되는 결과를 초래하였다. 2022년 신뢰도 높은 유량자료와 수위-유량관계곡선식 개발을 위해 낙양 보 완전개방 및 부분개방에 따른 다양한 유량측정성과와 낙양 보 수문 모니터링 결과를 확보하였다. 낙양 보는 2022년 1월~3월, 10월~12월은 수문 6문을 완전 개방하여 동진강에 하천유지용수를 공급하고, 4월부터 동진강 방수문을 폐쇄하여 농번기 농업용수를 확보한 후, 5월~9월에 확보된 농용수를 김제 배수문 2문을 부분개방하면서 공급하는 방식이다. 이 기간동안 낙양 보 수문에 대한 모니터링을 위해 정읍시(거산교)관측소 수위자료에 대한 검토를 실시하였으며, 유량측정시에는 정확한 유량측정성과와 곡선식 확인을 위하여 동일한 위치에서 측정을 수행하였다. 또한, 수위 또는 유량이 변하는 구간은 연속측정을 실시하였으며, 모니터링 결과와 유량측정성과를 바탕으로 수위-유량관계 변화를 분석하였다. 그 결과 저수위1식은 수문 완전개방, 저수위2식은 수문 완전폐쇄, 저수위3~6식은 수문 부분개방 곡선식을 개발하였으며, 저수위 구간은 낙양보 운영에 따라 총 27차례 기간분리가 발생하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서는 낙양 보 운영에 따른 다수의 유량측정성과와 모니터링 자료를 확보하였으며, 확보한 유량측정성과의 분석을 통한 신뢰도 높은 수위-유량관계곡선식을 개발하였고 이를 통해 생산된 유량자료는 정확도가 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.60-68
• /
• 1994

In this paper we propose a new Hybrid learning rule applied to multilayer feedforward neural networks, which is constructed by combining Hebbian learning rule that is a good feature extractor and Back-Propagation(BP) learning rule that is an excellent classifier. Unlike the BP rule used in multi-layer perceptron(MLP), the proposed Hybrid learning rule is used for uptate of all connection weights except for output connection weigths becase the Hebbian learning in output layer does not guarantee learning convergence. To evaluate the performance, the proposed hybrid rule is applied to classifier problems in two dimensional space and shows better performance than the one applied only by the BP rule. In terms of learning speed the proposed rule converges faster than the conventional BP. For example, the learning of the proposed Hybrid can be done in 2/10 of the iterations that are required for BP, while the recognition rate of the proposed Hybrid is improved by about $0.778\%$ at the peak.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2005

Due to mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients between aluminum sheet and glass/epoxy sheet, thermal residual stresses generally appear in the FML. These stresses will affect the yield and fatigue strength of the FML. The numerically determined residual stresses in the Fiber-Metal-Laminates(FML) have been compared to the residual stresses measured from the curvature and tensile test methods. These two experimental methods have been developed for assessing the influence of residual stress in FML. Post-stretching process has been applied to remove the thermal residual stress and reverse the stress distribution. After post-stretching process, the residual stress has been measured from experiments. The results obtained show that analytical and experimental data are well agreed. The thermal residual stress can be removed by post-stretching process and it will increase the yield strength of FML.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2023.05a
• /
• pp.283-283
• /
• 2023

만경강은 전라북도 북부를 남서쪽으로 흐르는 하천으로 유로연장 80.86km, 유역면적 1,504.35km²에 이르며 유로는 영산강에 이어 6번째, 유역면적은 안성천, 삽교천에 이어 8번째에 해당하는 하천이다. 만경강은 금강, 동진강 등과 함께 호남평야의 중앙을 서쪽으로 흐르며 호남평야에 농업용수를 공급하고, 전주시와 완주군, 김제시에 공업용수를 공급하는 중요한 하천 중 하나이다. 만경강 상류에는 대아저수지, 경천저수지 등 다수의 농업용 저수지가 설치되어 있으며, 농업용수 공급을 위한 다수의 취입보와 양수장이 설치·운용되고 있다. 만경강 중상류에서 위치한 취입보 중 가장 큰 비중을 차지하고 있는 것은 완주군(오성교)관측소와 완주군(용봉교)관측소 사이에 위치한 어우 취입보로 최대 허가량은 약 10m³/s이며, 연간 취수량은 약 1억 4천만톤이다. 어우 취입보에서 취수한 용수는 대간 도수로를 통해 새만금간척지까지 농업용수를 공급한 후 완주군(삼례교)관측소 하류에 위치한 비비정 배수갑문을 통하여 만경강으로 회귀한다. 어우 취입보의 영향으로 인하여 만경강 중상류에 위치한 3개의 관측소(완주군(오성교), 완주군(용봉교), 완주군(하리교))는 비정상적인 상하류 관계가 발생하고 있다. 만경강은 이와 같은 다수의 취입보와 양수장 운영으로 상하류 역전이 발생하고 있으나, 유역 내 물수지 분석을 통해 실제 취수량 등을 고려할 경우 농번기에도 정상적인 상하류 관계가 발생하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 만경강에 위치한 저수지 3개소(경천저수지, 용담댐, 대아저수지)의 방류량과 고산정수장의 회귀수 자료, 어우 취입보에 설치된 자동유량자료 및 취입보(7개소)의 허가량과 취수량 자료를 확보하여 물수지 분석을 실시하였다. 또한, 만경강 중상류에 위치한 관측소의 2022년 개발된 수위-유량관계곡선식을 활용하여 환산유량을 산정하였으며 물수지 분석을 실시하여 상하류 검토와 누가유출 및 유출률을 검토한 결과 상하류 관계가 비교적 안정적인 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.45 no.9
• /
• pp.853-860
• /
• 2012

It is well-known that loop effect of the stage-discharge relationship is formulated based on many field observations especially for the sand rivers. Theoretical understandings of the loop effect for the sand rivers have been widely provided, based on the facts that it is driven by the flood wave propagation and bed form changes over the given flood period. However, very few theoretical studies or field observations associated with loop-rating curves in the gravel or rock-bed mountain streams have been attempted so far, due particularly to the difficulties in the accurate discharge measurement during the flood in such field conditions. The present paper aims to report a unique loop-rating curve measured at a gravel and rock-bed mountain stream based on the flood discharge observation acquired during the typhoon, Muifa that passed nearby Jeju Island in summer of 2011. As velocity instrumentation, a non-intrusive Surface Velocity Doppler Radar to be suitable for the flood discharge measurement was utilized, and discharges were consecutively measured for every hour. Interestingly, the authors found that the hysteresis of the loop-rating curve was adverse compared to the typical trend of the sand bed streams, which means that the discharge of the rising limb is smaller than the falling limb at the same stage. We carefully speculate that the adverse trend of the loop-rating curve in the gravel bed was caused by the bed resistance change that works differently from the sand bed case.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 1994

This study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the $Na^+$ channels of the cardiovascular regulation center and the responses to increased $Na^+$ concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), by observing the effects of icv administration of the agents affecting $Na^+$ transport. Icv infusion of $200\;{\mu}l$ of 1 M NaCl produced hypertension and bradycardia in the urethane-anesthetized rabbit, and the bradycardia was inhibited and reversed to tachycardia by vagotomy. Amiloride, a $Na^+$ transport inhibitor, produced hypertension and bradycardia, which were not altered by vagotomy, and it did not affect the NaCl-induced responses. Benzamil, a derivative of amiloride with higher specificity, neither produced any cardiovascular effects by itself, nor affected the NaCl-induced responses. In vagotomized rabbits, icv amiloride reversed the NaCl-induced tachycardia to a bradycardia, but the bradycardiac effect was not altered by pretreating with NaCl. This study showed that although amiloride and benzamil slightly differ in their cardiovascular action, neither of them did affect the NaCl-induced responses. We suggest that the $Na^+$ channels which are sensitive to amiloride or benzamil in the cardiovascular regulation center are not involved in the NaCl-induced response.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.192-200
• /
• 2012

For the development of genetically modified plants, it is important to verify various factors which potentially affect the risk assessment as well as to establish an experimental program to produce scientific and reliable data. However, it is a time and cost consuming process to develop GM plants as well as to prepare scientific and convincible data for government's approval. Therefore, using the transgenic hot pepper tolerant to a new CMV pathotype, we attempted to suggest few methodological procedures, such as probe saturation for southern blot analysis and RT-PCR and ELISA for expression analysis, for identification and stability evaluation of inserted gene in genetically modified plant which are required for submission for approval. Ten partially overlapped probes covering full length of inserted gene were produced. We could identify that the inserted gene was stacked as a single copy as well as no partial element existed. Also, we could identify the stability of the inserted gene stacked in hot pepper using probe saturation. In the expression analysis with RT-PCR and ELISA, we also could provide the stable expression of transcript and proteins in leaves and placenta and pericarp of fruits of the CMV-resistant hot pepper.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.59-66
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic validity of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer cells by performing multiple genetic marker analysis via quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in gastric cancer cell lines and gastric cancer tissues. Materials and Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR was performed on 12 human gastric cancer cell lines and 10 gastric cancer tissues with four mRNAs of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Cytokeratin 20 (CK20), dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase (L3PP). Results: Out of the 12 human gastric cancer cell lines we tested, CEA was overexpressed in four cell lines (33%), CK20 in one (8%), DDC in six (50%) and L3PP was expessed in all the lines (100%). Out of the 10 gastric cancer tissues we tested, CEA was overexpressed in nine tissues, CK20 in eight, DOC in nine and L3PP was overexpressed in all the tissues. L3PP was overexpressed in all the gastric cancer cell lines and tissues, but the levels of overexpression were lower than those of CEA and DDC. Conclusion: Multiple genetic marker analysis can compensate for the weak points of single marker analysis when testing gastric cancer, and three mRNAs of CEA, DDC and L3PP can be used as candidate genes.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.193-201
• /
• 2017

Major tomato viruses in Korea are Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). RT-PCR conditions for the viruses were examined, especially in primer set and RT-PCR mixture. Total 46 primer sets from the unique sequence of the viruses were tested for nonspecific background products in a RT-PCR mixture without template. Among them 16 primer sets were applied to healthy tomato RNA, resulting the compatibility between RT-PCR mixture and primer set influenced RT-PCR to reduce nonspecific background products. Based on the combinations among cDNA synthesis parameters and RT-PCR mixtures, two reaction mixtures were finally selected for ToCV detection. The condition allowed to determine more specific primer sets; C029 (ToCV), C072 (TSWV), C070 (CMV), C048 (PepMoV), and C065 (ToMV). These primer sets are expected to be of use to specific detection of the major viruses in tomato plants.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.6 no.8
• /
• pp.779-785
• /
• 1996

Thin $700^{\circ}C$films were formed through layer inversion of Co/Nb bilayer during rapid thermal annealing(RTA). The Nb interlayer seems to effectively prevent over-consumption of Si and to control the silicidation reaction by forming Co-Nb intermetallic compounds and removing the native oxide formed on Si substrate which interferes the uniform Co-Si interaction. The final layer structure of the Co/Nb bilayer after $700^{\circ}C$ RTA was found to be ${Nb}_{2}{O}_{3}$/${Co}_{2}$Si.CoSi/${NbCo}_{x}$/Nb(O, C)/${CoSi}_{2}$/ Si. The layer inversion and the formation of a stable CoSi, phase occurred above $700^{\circ}C$, and the Nb silicides were not found at any annealing temperature. These may be due to the formation of very stable Co-Nb intermetallic compounds and Nb oxides which limit the moving of Co and Si.