• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.795-804
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• 1999

The increasing number of users of mobile communication systems and the corresponding need for increased system capacity require the use of a modulation scheme which is both power and spectrally efficient. In this paper, we numerically calculate the BER performance of DS/CDMA-BPSK system in different fading channel (Rayleigh, Rician, Shadow Rician). Also, we calculate BER performance and the channel capacity of DS/CDMA-BPSK system which is constant or nearly constant envelopes in 3-state fading channel model. The Shadow Rician fading model described in this paper apply the parameters of the Canadian Mobile Satellite (MSAT). And we assume that the 3-state fading channel model is consist of Rayleigh fading state, Rician fading state, and shadow Rician fading state. This model can be used as a basis for the simulation of the land mobile satellite channel. The dynamic 3-state fading channel model is considered corresponding to different environments and the transitions between these environments. From the numerically calculate results, the DS/CDMA-BPSK system with MUI-20, PG-511 can not achieve the BER performance ($P_b\leq10^{-5}$). And the channel capacity did not meet the system requirement. Also, we know that the BER performance is depend m the occupancy probability of radio channel and the degree of shadow. From the results, we how that during shadowed time intervals it is necessary to use some form of error control coding and receiver diversity in order to support reliable data communication.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2007

Apricot Kernel, consumed as herbal medicine, contains amygdalin which generate HCN upon hydrolysis. Dyspnea was reported by ingesting large amount of apricot kernel, and neurological disorders such as tropic ataxic neuropathy or konzo were known as chronic toxicity of amygdalin. Other cyanogen containing plants, including flaxseed and almond, are consumed as food around the world. Moreover, some of them are promoted as functional food, leading to higher consumption, and posing health risk by cyanogenic components. The objective of this study was to find a method for the reduction of the cyanogenic compound, using apricot kernel as a model food. The most effective reduction was obtained by boiling the slices of the kernel for one hour in pH 1 HCl solution, showing 90% removal. However, the common process known to reduce the cyanogen contents, i.e., long incubation at the low temperature, did not show significant change in cyan concentration. Our data contribute to the safety of the plants containing cyanogenic compounds if they were to be developed as foodstuff.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an extremely toxic gas frequently produced during the incineration of plastics, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). A victim of a fire who has inhaled smoke could have cyanide in the blood. Therefore, cyanide could be a good marker for a post-mortem examination of a fire as well as carboxyhemoglobine (COHb) test of blood samples. For a particular fire case, a burned body with a suicide note was found inside a burned vehicle. Even though the COHb value is conclusive evidence, measuring the COHb for denatured blood might be difficult due to severe thermal denaturation or the formation of methemoglobin (MetHb). To overcome this difficulty, cyanide could be used as an indicator when investigating the death of a fire victim. In this study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was adopted to measure the levels of cyanide in the blood through derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) under cation surfactant by scan and SIM mode. The concentration of cyanide in the blood of heart blood and brain of the victim was found to be 0.36 µg/mL and 1.20 µg/mL respectively, which was higher than the average value (0.041 µg/mL) found in the blood of 14 people who smoked.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.69-80
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• 1997

This investigation was conducted to provide information for characteristics of environmental pollution by the heavy metals from the abandoned gold mine in order to characterize the distribution patterns and environmental damages of the contaminants to the surrounding environment. Through analysis of CN, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, and Hg in a mine tailings, paddy soils, and stream sediments, the physico-chemical properties of the mine tailings and paddy soils were measured. The pH's were 5.4, 8.4 for the paddy soil and mine tailing, respectively. The maximum contents of CN, Pb, Cd, and As the in mine tailing were 99.98, 1,752.72, 31.88, and 298.50 mg/kg, respectively. The amounts of these ions were higher than the standard level of industrial area in Korea. The average content of CN and heavy metals in the paddy soils were higher than the background level of heavy metals in the unpolluted paddy soils around the mine. Especially, the contents of heavy metals in the paddy soils along the adjacent stream were higher compared to the paddy soil that was not influenced by the mine tailings. The contents of CN and heavy metals in the stream sediment close to the mine area were similar to those of the mine tailings, but decreased along the distance of the stream farther away from the tailings that was the source of these pollutants.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.430-434
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• 2017

Essential oils are fragrant oils extracted from the leaves, stems, peels, petals and roots of aromatic plants cultivated by natural means or using organic agricultural techniques. Essential oils have commonly been used as antibacterial and antifungal agents. In the present study, essential oil was extracted from lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum [Raf.] Shinn.) and tested for antifungal activities against three eumycetes (Penicillium pinophilum, Chaetomium glogosum and Aspergillus niger). Lisianthus essential oil showed high antifungal activities against three eumycetes, especially against Aspergillus niger, for which the resulting minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.005 mg/ml. In addition, the extracted essential oil was shown to have antimicrobial activity against ten intestinal pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) according to the disc diffusion method and was also shown to exhibit strong antibacterial activity against an additional three pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). These results indicate that lisianthus essential oil could be used as an antibiotic against harmful bacteria that produce intestinal illnesses. From the present study, we suggest that lisianthus extracts can be utilized as potential antifungal and antibacterial agents and for the development of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2013

Approximate string matching problems have been studied in diverse fields. Recently, fast approximate string matching algorithms are being used to reduce the time and costs for the next generation sequencing. To measure the amounts of errors between two strings, we use a distance function such as the edit distance. Given two strings X(|X| = m) and Y(|Y| = n) over an alphabet ${\Sigma}$, the edit distance between X and Y is the minimum number of edit operations to convert X into Y. The edit distance between X and Y can be computed using the well-known dynamic programming technique in O(mn) time and space. The edit distance also can be computed using the Four-Russians' algorithm whose preprocessing step runs in $O((3{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid})^{2t}t^2)$ time and $O((3{\mid}{\Sigma}{\mid})^{2t}t)$ space and the computation step runs in O(mn/t) time and O(mn) space where t represents the size of the block. In this paper, we present a parallelized version of the computation step of the Four-Russians' algorithm. Our algorithm computes the edit distance between X and Y in O(m+n) time using m/t threads. Then we implemented both the sequential version and our parallelized version of the Four-Russians' algorithm using CUDA to compare the execution times. When t = 1 and t = 2, our algorithm runs about 10 times and 3 times faster than the sequential algorithm, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10b
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• pp.682-684
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• 2004

제안하는 방법은 분산량이 큰 객체에 대하여 여러 개의 가우시안을 이용하여 다양체를 분해하는 알고리즘이다. 제안하는 방법은 단순하지만 빠르게 다양체를 근사시키는 여러 개의 가우시안을 생성한다. 또한, 가우시안 혼합 모델과 유사하나 보다 빠른 연산시간을 보장하며 Outlier에 대한 신뢰성을 향상 시켜준다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 우리가 수집한 다 인종(동양인, 혹인, 백인, 히스패닉) 얼굴 데이터 베이스 QQVGA영상에서 100%의 검출률과 0개의 오분류의 높은 성능을 도출하였다

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

• The monthly packaging world
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• no.8 s.184
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• pp.131-135
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• 2008

식품의약품안전청은 소량포장단위 공급 적용대상에서 퇴장방지의약품 및 50원 이하의 저가의약품을 제외하고, 이미 생산한 소량포장단위 품목 재고량을 포함하여 차등적으로 약국 및 병의원 등에 공급할 수 있도록 의약품 소량포장단위 공급에 관한 규정 일부개정고시안을 발표했다. 이를 통해 식약청은 제도를 합리적으로 운영하고, 소량포장단위 품목 생산 및 공급업소명 등의 정보를 공개토록 하여 부당한 재고를 방지하고 유통 활성화 방안을 마련하고자 한다. 본 고에서는 주요 내용과 함께 신.구조문을 비교해 살펴보도록 한다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.16-21
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• 2005

In this paper, we analyzed performance of proposed system ad DS/CDMA GMSK system in rician fading environment. Also, we expected that proposed system with turbo code scheme is applicable system for voice, data and multimedia communication.