• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.56-61
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• 1997

A study was carried out to find out the basic information in physical properties for selection and manufacturing the good seedling media through the analysis of the physical properties, such as particle size, water retention and three phases of the major horticultural substrates. Easily available water(EAW), the water contents between 1kPa and 5kPa water potental, was highest in peatmoss with 39%, and perlite 34.0%, vermiculite 16.9%, but the values of osmunda and bark were lower than 4.8%. Water buffering capacity(WBC), the water content between 5kPa and 10kPa, was 6.1% in peatmoss and 2.3% in vermiculite but it was lower than 1.0% in other substrates. To adjust the suitable range of water potential at crossing point of water and air curves to 1.5~2.5kPa, more finer materials were needed in osmunda and bark, and more coarser materials must be added to peatmoss, perlite and vermiculite. Water potentials of substrates in saturated pot condition were equivalent to 2.2kPa in peatmoss and others were ranged in 1.0kPa to 4.3kPa of water potential in pressure chamber.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.282-288
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• 2023

In this study, we analyzed the amount of roadside fine dust generated from newly constructed specially modified asphalt pavement and general asphalt pavement from existing roads. We collected the 1,000 g (100 g/day) of dust samples from the roadside of the express bus terminal and commercial facility area in Chungcheongnam-do's C site at three-day intervals during the summer of 2022 and 2023. The collected samples were separated from fine dust according to size in the 75-150 ㎛ range and, were separated only from Tire and Road Wear Particles through density separation. No.1-3 are general asphalt pavement section as an existing road. Fine dust and Tire and Road Wear Particles in No.1-3 were 24.27 g, 24.36 g, 0.53 g, and 0.53 g, respectively, and the quantitative results for 2022 and 2023 were similar. On the other hand, No.4-6 are newly constructed specially modified asphalt pavement section. Fine dust decreased by 14.8 % and tire and road wear particles decreased by 29.6 % in 2023 compared to 2022 in No.4-6. In addition, according to the results of thermogravimetric analysis, Tire and road wear particles in No.1-3 are tire and road components at 30 % and 70 %, respectively. And Tire and road wear particles in No.4-6 are tire and road components at 35 % and 65 % in 2023, respectively. From these results, it was confirmed that the newly constructed specially modified asphalt pavement can be effective in reducing roadside fine dust and Tire and Road Wear Particles. However, there may be some shortcomings in conclusive research results due to limited space and sample collection period. In the future, we plan to conduct various case studies.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.84-104
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• 1994

The migration of population into the city has been on the increase according as Korea has been industrialized repidly since the 1960's. And there is a steady decrease in rural population. Thus lack of the number of the students forced many elementary Schools to be abolished. The aim of this study is to grasp the abolition types and the regional characteristics with the subject region of Chungbuk province. From the viewpoint of the increasing abolition of the elementary schools, I think it is very important to understand how the elementary schools have been abolished so far and predict how the subject region will have been changed in geography. Data for this study are based on Annual Establishment-Abolition Situation of the Schools published by Chungbuk office of Education in 1992, and many Kinds of the statistical reports, and the interview with the related. The results are as follows: 1. By examining the change of the number of the elementary schools and students in Chnugbuk, the numder of the students had also decreased since 1969 and was less than the half in 1990. As the number of the schools began to decrease ten years later than the students began to, the abolition of the elementary schools has started in reality from 1980's. 2. The 72 elementary schools were aboilshed between 1980 and 1992: the principal school is 9.7%, the branch school is 90.3%. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county and Chechon-county, and the least one school is abolished in Chechon-city and Okchon-county, and there is no abolition in Chongju-city and Chungju-city: According to the type of the abolition process, the least seven principal schools are abolished, and the principal school is reorganized as a branch school and twenty eight branch schools are abolished, and the most thirty seven branch schools are abolished. 3. When special change of the abolition is classified into the first perio (1980-1986) and the second period (1987-1992), in the first period the principal and branch schools were abolished and they are 13.9% of total abolition. The abolition out of them by building a dam is 60%. The principal schools in the submerged area though they have many students, were abolished. In the second period sixty two branch schools are abolished and they are 86.1% of total abolition. The most fifteen schools are abolished in Yongdong-county, thirteen in Chechon-county, seven in Tanyang-county, six in Chongwon-county, five in Chungwon-county and Koesan-county. Unlike the first period, the schools were abolished in this period because the number of students was so small. In this period sixty branch schools were abolished. All the students in the abolished schools except six schools transfered to the principal schools. The 58 school authorities help the students attend school by bus or support the expenses for attending school after that. 4. The abolition types of city, county and myon are classified into five types by the number of the abolished schools. The most forty nine abolished schools in type II are 68.1 of the total abolition. The least three abolished ones in type I are 12.5%. Considering the relation between the abolition type ane the number of schools and students, the number of the schools, increased in type I, II, III, V except IV from 1980 and then have decreased by abolition since 1980, while the more students decreased than they did in 1970 and the more the abolished school increases, the less the students decreases. The average students per school decreased in every abolition type and the most students decreased in type IV. 5. Considering the relation between the abolition type and the regional characteristics, most abolished schools were located between 100m and 300m above the sea level and it is 71% of the total abolition. The region without the abolition is high in the ratio of the cultivate land, ratio of rice field, and the part-time farmer, but the region with many abolition is low in the ratio of cultivated land. As for the manufacturing there are the most city, county and myon in the abolition type in Youngdong-county and Chechon-county where the manufacturing ratio of employing is low but Chongju-city without the abolition is a region where the manufacturing ratio is high. Consequently the development of the manufacturing causes the population to emigation out and the decrease of the population leads the transport is difficult of access, the facilities sold after being abolished are not being used in many ways. 7. Take an example of Youndong-county where the most schools were abolished, I have examined the school district and the population characteristics of the abolition. Though there were more villages, households, populations in the region that is higher than low above the sea level, the schools were abolished. Therefore we know that above the sea level had a great effect on the abolition. As a result of the regional analysis of the abolition, many schools were abolished by the artificial buildings such as a dam in the early 1980's but the schools in the late 1980's were abolished ten years later after the students decreased. More schools were abolished in the region where the manufacturing industry didn't develop. And the higher the school position was above the sea level, the sooner the school was abolished. It is also proved that both the beautiful natural scenery and accessibility are the important factor in using the abolished facilities practically.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.63-76
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• 2015

This study was carried out to suggest improvement plans for problems with the landscape areas of highway service areas. The survey factors were land use, placement of green area and land coverage in terms of spatial and environmental property. Noise and topographic structure in detached green areas were surveyed in terms of impact factor. The status of the planting area around each service area was analysed in regards to planting structure and planting landscape. As a result, the mean of rations of land use were 81.6% building and 18.4% green areas, which were composed of 5.4% landscape area, 9.1% buffer area, etc. Planting areas as usable space accounted for only 0.7%, and the result of noise measurement was different according to the distribution of highway and service area and type of detached green area. The mean of ratio of planting area was 18.4%, which consists of 6.7% landscape planting, 3.4% other green area, 4.6% buffer area, 2.0% buffer and landscape area, 1.1% shade planting and 0.5% landscape and shade planting. Most planting areas aim at landscape appreciation and areas in which visitors can relax and gain recreation were insufficient. The planting structures of service areas were 52.2% canopy layer, 11.8% shrubs and 9.4% canopy and shrub layers, and most of the planting areas were a single layer of green area. Multi-layered planting structures in the landscape and buffer areas were required and a shade planting area was needed to improve amenities as planting canopy layered trees. This study suggested improvement methods for based environments, spatial function and planting function in landscape areas.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.207-244
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• 2015

Aviation safety is the stage in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. Many accidents and incidents have been taking place since 2014, while there had been relatively safer skies before 2014. International civil aviation community has been exerting great efforts to deal with these emerging issues, thus enhancing and ensuring safety throughout the world over the years. The Preamble of the Chicago Convention emphasizes safety and order of international air transport, and so many Articles in the Convention are related to the safety. Furthermore, most of the Annexes to the Convention are International Standards and Recommended Practices pertaining to the safety. In particular, Annex 19, which was promulgated in Nov. 2013, dealing with safety management system. ICAO, as law-making body, has Air Navigation Commission, Council, Assembly to deliberate and make decisions regarding safety issues. It is also implementing USOAP and USAP to supervise safety functions of member States. After MH 370 disappeared in 2014, ICAO is developing Global Tracking System whereby there should be no loophole in tracking the location of aircraft anywhere in world with the information provided by many stakeholders concerned. MH 17 accident drove ICAO to install web-based repository where information relating to the operation in conflict zones is provided and shared. In addition, ICAO has been initiating various solutions to emerging issues such as ebola outbreak and operation under extreme meteorological conditions. Considering the necessity of protection and sharing of safety data and information to enhance safety level, ICAO is now suggesting enhanced provisions to do so, and getting feedback from member States. It has been observed that ICAO has been approaching issues towards problem-solving from four different dimensions. First regarding time, it analyses past experiences and best practices, and make solutions in short, mid and long terms. Second, from space perspective, ICAO covers States, region and the world as a whole. Third, regarding stakeholders it consults with and hear from as many entities as it could, including airlines, airports, community, consumers, manufacturers, air traffic control centers, air navigation service providers, industry and insurers. Last not but least, in terms of regulatory changes, it identifies best practices, guidance materials and provisions which could become standards and recommended practices.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

During the industrialization and urbanization of the country, urban rivers have been covered over and developed without forethought and thus became estranged from spaces utilized by area residents in everyday life. Recently, an influx of people and uses have increased largely because accessibility improved through restoration projects which have transformed these river areas into pleasant environments. It thus appears that these projects have an impact on community consciousness for area residents who live near the restored rivers to some extent. The purpose of this study was to determine via questionnaire the effects and influences of urban river restoration on area residents targeting visitors to Seongnaecheon(stream), Songpa-gu, Seoul, which has been restored recently. Factors in the questionnaire analysis included such items as the use status of Seongnaecheon, community consciousness(feeling of belonging, solidarity, feeling settled), and a before and after comparison of the restoration(change of consciousness, regional effects), etc. According to the results of analysis, visitors who have utilized the stream more than 1~2 times per week after the restoration project accounted for the greatest portion. The main purposes of these visits were to 'rest' and 'exercise' while the ratio of using it as a 'meeting space with neighbors and strangers' was low. Community consciousness of area residents using Seongnaecheon was generally high. As a result of an analysis of consciousness differences between groups after dividing visitors into 3 groups according to the frequency of visits, there were significant differences in the consciousness level between groups with high community consciousness levels in visitors who visited frequently. In consideration of these results, the provision of programs along with proper facilities that can be used is deemed important for area residents so as to inspire community consciousness of the area by means of activating both community activities and the progressive use of the restored river.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.86-101
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• 2000

Various kinds of living circumstances are making population structure of Korean changed. That is, number of the children is decreased and that of the aged is increased. It is predicted that population of the children and the aged will be almost same until 2020. With above, as the expectation of the aged on healthy living might be increased, some special programs for the aged will be needed strongly. At this point, Korean aged population might be economically poor, comparing with other generation. In general, economic factor affects the subjective living-satisfaction and health status of them. Moreover, educational status, household shape and family tieing also affect their health status. According to the foreign articles, health status of the aged might be related to income, educational status, job, employed or/not, marital status, family structure, sex, and childhood condition. decrease of the income or unemployment could make the death rate of the aged higher. During childhood, discordance among the family might affect their health status after. IGUR is also important factor to affect the adulthood health. Positive life style of the aged would lessen their unequality of the health among them. Nutritional status of the Korean aged population might be indicated under the nutritional recommendation. It is affected by their income, education level, social class, and residing place. (Korean J Nutrition 33(1) : 86-101, 2000)

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.369-380
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• 2001

Purpose : By developing on-line statistics program to record the information of radiation oncology to share the information with internet. It is possible to supply basic reference data for administrative plans to improve radiation oncology. Materials and methods : The information of radiation oncology statistics had been collected by paper forms about 52 hospitals in the past. Now, we can input the data by internet web browsers. The statistics program used windows NT 4.0 operation system, Internal Information Server 4.0 (IIS4.0) as a web server and the Microsoft Access MDB. We used Structured Query Language (SQL), Visual Basic, VBScript and JAVAScript to display the statistics according to years and hospitals. Results : This program shows present conditions about man power, research, therapy machines, technics, brachytherapy, clinic statistics, radiation safety management, institution, quality assurance and radioisotopes in radiation oncology department. The database consists of 38 inputs and 6 outputs windows. Statistical output windows can be increased continuously according to user's need. Conclusion : We have developed statistics program to process all of the data in department of radiation oncology for reference information. Users easily could input the data by internet web browsers and share the information.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.52-63
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• 2014

This is the study on users' perception gap about the effects of leisure space development of the Han River Citizen Park according to leisure constraints and was to identify leisure constraints expressed when using Han River Citizen Park and identify perception on positive and negative impacts according to use behavior characteristics of Han River Citizen Park and leisure space development. In order to compare and analyze the perception gap about the leisure space development of Han River Citizen Park users according to leisure constraints, we classified information and resources, economic affordability, free time on leisure activities in Han River Citizen Park into high influence group and low influence group and did an in-depth analysis. The results are as follows. First, Han River Citizen Park has the nature of neighborhood use with little influence on leisure constraints such as jogging and marathon, biking etc. including walking and relaxation and was a place to visit for simple exercises. Second, in the effects according to leisure space development of Han River Citizen Park, affordable leisure activity costs and ease of access were evaluated the most highly and congestion due to increasing users, increase in administrative operating budget and management personnel were concerned the most. Third, the leisure constraints in Han River Citizen Park were affected in the order of free time, economic affordability, information and resources. There were also perception gaps in congestion due to an increase in administrative operating budget and management personnel, increase in users including improvement of various leisure opportunities and leisure levels, encouragement of pride and attachment for Han river, affordable leisure activity costs depending on the degree of the influence of leisure constraints. Therefore, this study can be said to have the meaning in that we could identify leisure constraints affecting Han River Citizen Park users and resulting perception in leisure space development and revealed that the degree of the influence of leisure constraints varies in the use behavior of leisure space development of Han River Citizen Park and perception of positive and negative development impact. In addition, in order to resolve leisure complaints according to leisure constraints, we studied the need of accompaniment of leisure space operation and management system, development of various customized programs, introduction of recreational space and facilities prioritizing public interest rather than private interest with public relations and information delivery about leisure space of Han River Citizen Park.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2013

About 1,800 villages have released from Greenbelt since Greenbelt-reform-policy for readjustment of the area was promoted after 1997. Even though the government intended to attract planned development & improvement of these lifted villages through District Unit Plan and designating the lifted area as low-rise and low-density zoning considering the characteristics of the Greenbelt region, there are still many problems to be solved: a lack of funds, insufficient capability for self-improvement and unexecuted SOCs in long-term etc. It seems that these problems are caused by focusing on the lifting areas itself instead of researching deeply the condition and characteristics of the villages and searching proper direction/plans of improvement before lifting Greenbelt In addition, the existing plan of village improvement and management was not considering physical and spacial characteristics of the areas, social and economic situation of residents and relationship between the villages and surrounding cities, though these conditions are different among each villages, and the related regulations are applied uniformly across all the villages and those have been causing many civil appeals and environmental problems. In these respects, this study aims to consider the problems of the lifted villages using the existing researches on them and to make typology by characteristics-data of the villages and to establish improvement strategies of each types. In this study, the villages were classified into 5 types as a result of cluster analysis on 424 villages among all 1,800 through variables of locational potentiality : location, accessibility, size and form of village, condition of regulations etc. According to function of the villages, they were divided into 4 types: urban-type, rural-type, industrial-type and neighborhood-centered-type. This study also drew 4 improvement-strategy-types by combination of locational potentiality and village-function : type of improving life-environment, type of improving production-infra, type of inducing-planned-improvement and type of constructing center-of living-circle. Finally, this study suggested the directions of the each 4 types to desirable improvement and management which could be used to make and complement plans for village improvement.