• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2013

The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of Ca fertilizer on the growth of mother plants, physiological disorders, and occurrence of daughter plants in propagation of 'Seolhyang' strawberry through plastic bag cultivation. To achieve this, chemicals of 1.125 mM $Ca(OH)_2$, 0.375 mM $MgCl_2$, 1.250 mM KCl were blended and designated to combined fertilizer (CF). Then, the effect was compared to the treatment of no Ca application (control) and a commercial fertilizer, CalMag (13-0-1.9-16-6:N-$P_2O_5$-$K_2O$-CaO-MgO), when those were applied every two weeks with controlled electrical conductivity (EC) of solution such as 0.6 or 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The number of plants showing Ca deficiency symptoms was the highest in control treatment, but those decreased significantly in CF or CalMag treatments. The differences between CF and CalMag in appearance of Ca deficient plants were not significant when two fertilizers were applied with same EC. The fresh and dry weights of mother plants were the greater in the treatments of CF or CalMag than those of control treatment. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ on the fresh and dry weight of the mother plants. The runner lengths in the treatment of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF were the longest among the all treatments tested. The treatments of 1.0 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ were more effective than those of 0.6 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ of CF or CalMag in lengths and fresh and dry weight of runners. The fresh and dry weights of daughter plants were heavier in the treatments of CF than those of CalMag. Based on the above results, we concluded that the Ca deficiency in raising 'Seolhyang' strawberry can be lessened by the application of Ca containing fertilizers, but combined application of Ca, K and Mg was more effective than that of Ca alone for seedling production.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2011

This study was established to investigate the effects of Ca application on fruit mineral nutrients, quality, and browning of 'Fuyu' sweet persimmon (Diospyros kaki). Ca foliar application at 40ml/20L/tree had a greater fruit Ca concentration than did control, Ca fertigation (40ml/20L/tree), and Ca foliar application (40ml/20L/tree) coupled with IBA fertigation (40ml/20L/tree). Fruit mineral nutrient concentrations for Mg, B, and Mn were similar or lower in the foliar treatment compared to other treatments. Fruit color was not affected. Ca treatment, whether foliar applied or fertigated, was effective in maintaining fruit firmness and in decreasing the browning symptom in fruit after MA storage at $0^{\circ}C$ for 60 and 100 days. Although Ca foliar application + IBA fertigation treatment improved fruit firmness, the positive effect on the browning and decay occurrences in fruit was not shown.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.70-74
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• 2006

To study for proper growing conditions of Hydrangea macrophylla var. acuminata, used as ornamental trees or sources of natural sweetenings and biological active compounds, two-year-old cuttings of the plant were subjected to different conditions, light intensity, watering, and fertilizing levels. Photosynthetic rates measured on October 2 differed significantly between two light intensity regimes, but the values measured on September 3 were not significantly different. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot watered three times a week were higher than the cuttings on the plot watered once a week. Mean photosynthetic rates on the plot fertilized 200grams/cuttings were slightly higher than those of the cuttings on the control plot. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 and on September 3 were significantly different between the light intensity regimes. Chlorophyll contents measured on August 2 were significantly different between the moisture regimes, but not significantly different between the fertilizing levels. Means of leaf growth(length and width) measured the highest values on the plot watered three times a week, and on the plot in full-sun lighted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.106 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization on physiological characteristics and growth of Populus sibirica seedlings in a semi-arid area, Mongolia. 2-year-old P. sibirica seedlings were planted in May, 2015 with applications of urea 5 g (N1), 15 g (N2), 30 g (N3) and ammonium sulfate 33 g (NS; same nitrogen amount with N2) to each seedling. Chlorophyll contents were significantly different among treatments in August, but not in June and July. The lower chlorophyll contents in August than those in June and July might be related to leaf senescence. In June and July, net photosynthetic rate was higher in NS and N2 than in the control. Unlike the tendency of photosynthesis, transpiration rate was highest in N2, but lower in NS than in any other nitrogen treatments. Relative growth rate of root collar diameter was significantly higher only in NS than in the control and it of height did not differ among treatments. Leaf area in nitrogen treatments was not significantly different from that in the control. Ammonium sulfate seemed to be more suitable fertilizer than urea for the early growth of P. sibirica seedlings in the study site. However, as the effects of urea and ammonium sulfate on soils and seedlings were different, further studies would be necessary to determine the optimal amount of ammonium sulfate.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.95-105
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: In this study, in order to verify the effects of supplemented organic amendment fertilizers recommended by the soil testing on cabbages, we used various amounts of organic amendment fertilizers. The amount of organic amendment fertilizers was decided by calculating each ratio of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium based on the recommended fertilizer composition. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cabbages subjected to treatments 1 and 2 showed similar or greater leaf colors (SPAD values), head heights, head widths, head weight, soil organic matter content, nitrate-nitrogen level, and conductivity after harvest, when compared with cabbages treated with chemical fertilizers. The phosphorus and potassium fixation in the soil were higher in the plot where cabbages were treated with chemical fertilizers, and the nutrient use efficiency was greater in the plots with organic amendments and mineral addition. CONCLUSION: The treatments 1 and 2 that were supplemented with 180-200% of nitrogen, 100-130% of phosphorus, and 185-250% of potassium in comparison to chemical fertilizers, applied by the inorganic ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used as organic amendment fertilizers for cabbages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-292
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• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of systematic variation appling of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn on forage performance of orchardgrass and white clover, The treatments of systematic variation were 0/100. 25/75, 50/50. 75/25, and $100/0\%$ in the Fe/Cu, Mn/Zn, and Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn trials, respectively. The treatments of Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn trial were $70\%$ in main-element and $10\%$ in other 3sub-elements. 1 . General differences had been showed in the relative contents, uptake amounts, and mutual ratios of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn between orchardgrass and white clover. The effects of Fe application on the all traits were generally insignificant. The Mn and Cu applications, however, showed consistent differences in the all traits. At the high relative content of Mn in the forages influenced by the Mn application, the relative contents of Fe, Cu and Zn were greatly decreased without the significant differences in common content. 2. The increase of uptake amount of each micronutrient was not positively correspond to the yield increase. In some cases, the uptake amount of micronutrient was greatly increased without the significant increase of yield. At the Mn application, the Mn uptake amount was relatively much more increased than increase of the yield. The uptake amount of each element was significantly increased by the application with Mn and Cu. However, it was not in the case of Fe and Zn. 3. The mutual ratios of micronutrients were more influenced by the applications of Mn and Cu, especially Mn, than those by the applications of Fe and Zn. In the Fe/cu trial, the ratios of Fe/Cu showed 6.0~ 10.5 in orchardgrass and 10.2~ $16.4\%$ level of difference in white clover. In the Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn trial, the ratios of Mn/Cu, Mn/Zn, and Fe/Mn were greatly influenced by the treatments. It has been also found that the poor growth of white clover was caused by the unbalanced ratios of Fe/Mn, and it tended to be enhanced by the good applications and mutual ratios of other elements.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the plant growth of various ferns affected by the shading and fertilizer application and to recommend the appropriate levels of light intensity. Evergreen ferns like Dryopteris nipponensis Koidz., Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) Presl, Onychium japonicum (Thunb.) Kunze and deciduous ferns like Athyrium niponicum (Mett.) Hence, Thelypteris decursive-pinnata Ching, Athyrium brevifrons Kodama ex Nakai were used in this experiment. Evergreen ferns showed the best growth in the shading level of 30~60%. The plant growth and ornamental value (leaf color) of these plants were improved according to the fertilizer application in appropriate shading levels. The survival rate remained constantly in all treatments. Deciduous ferns showed the best growth in different shading levels from 0 to 60%. Some treatments showed improved growth according to fertilizer application, whereas survival rate was in the other treatments. There were differences in plant growth of evergreen and deciduous ferns according to fertilizer application, and additional researches must be executed to explain these reponses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.582-588
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• 2008

This study was carried out to evaluate litterfall amounts in a 28-year old Quercus acutissima stand at various levels of fertilization. The levels of fertilization were control, 3:4:1 (100 kg N/ha, 130 kg P/ha, 33 kg K/ha), 3:8:1, 3:4:2, 6:4:1, and 2:2:1, respectively. Fertilizers were applied for 3 years. Litterfall amounts following 3-year fertilization were significantly different among various levels of fertilization. Leaf litter was significantly higher (P<0.05) in 3:4:1 (4,015 kg/ha/yr) than in 3:8:1 treatments (2,874 kg/ha/yr), whereas other treatments showed no significant differences (P>0.05). Total litterfall amounts throughout the study period were 4,206 kg/ha/yr in 3:8:1, 4,992 kg/ha/yr in 2:2:1, 5,372 kg/ha/yr in 6:4:1, 5,456 kg/ha/yr in control, 5,840 kg/ha/yr in 3:4:1 and 6,015 kg/ha/yr in 3:4:2 treatments, respectively. Proportion of leaf litter was more than 66% of total litterfall in 3:4:1, 6:4:1, and 3:8:1 treatments compared with 61% in the control. These results indicated that litterfall amounts in a Q. accutissma stand were affected by various levels of fertilization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1984

Seasonal growth performances or root collar diameter and seedling height of Quercus acutissima. Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis were measured at regular intervals of 10 or 15 days after the treatments of some combinations of soil water regime ${\times}$ fertilization. The treatments of soil water regime and fertilization Influenced on the growth performances of seedlings differently with one another in course of time lapse. The growth performances revealed highly significant differences between soil water regimes, between fertilizations and between their interactions after unlike time lapses by species. The effects of soil water regime were exhibited in retard compared with those of fertilization, and to be different outstandingly in the treatments of N or N+P+K fertilization. The limit of soil water potential influencing critically on the growth performances might be estimated to be in -3~-6 bar in all the species. The growth responses were significantly different between N or N+P+K treatment and P or K treatment or control in all the species, and the treatment effects represented more great differences in moist soil water regime than in dry soil water regime. The interactions of soil water regime ${\times}$ fertilization were revealed s lowly with time lapse in all the treatments. The statistical differences of growth responses of root collar diameter according to the treatments were observed in earlier stage compared with those of seedling height. By comparison of the growth responses of the species studied, Q. variabilis and Q. mongolica seemed to be more resistant to moisture stress than Q. acutissima.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of potassium fertigation on the growth and yield of fourteen years-old 'Campbell Early' grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) on a sandy loam soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Potassium application (125 kg/ha/yr) was top-dressed as 30% of annual potassium application in all treatments and the remainders were drip-irrigated with 0 (0% of total K, K0 level of the remainder), 25 (17.5% of total K, K1/4 level of the remainder), 50 (35% of total K, K1/2 level), and 100mg/L (70% of total K, K1 level) in the intervals of 2 times a week for 12 weeks and the effect of K drip fertigation was compared to control treatment in which the K remainder was applied with surface application as additional fertilizer. The growth of stem diameter, leaf number and shoot length were highest in K1/2 (50 mg/L K), but K of mineral contents was lowest in K0. Yield of grapevine was no difference in 2008, but significantly higher K1/2 than other treatments in 2009. However, fruit quality (color degree, brix, acid contents) was no difference among the treatment. CONCLUSION(s): From the results, It is expected that K1/2 levels of fertigation based on soil testing could be more efficient to get optimum yield and save potassium fertilizer than control (surface application) treatments when grapevine was drip-irrigated at open field condition.