• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2024

Objectives: The pulp is the center of the tooth containing nerves and blood vessels. The condition in which the pulp becomes inflamed due to caries or periodontitis is called pulpitis. Pulpitis is a difficult-to-treat disease and causes peripheral nerve tissue changes and severe pain; however, the relationship between neuronal activity and voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) expression in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) during pulpitis has not been well studied. In this study, we found that experimentally induced pulpitis activates Nav1.7 expression in the periphery, leading to neuronal overexpression in the TG. Thus, we sought to identify ways to regulate this process. Methods: Acute pulpitis was induced in rat maxillary molars by treating the pulp with allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). Three days later, in vivo optical imaging was used to record and compare neural activities in the TG. Western blotting was used to identify molecular changes in terms of the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Fos, transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) in the brain stem. Results: The results confirmed the neurological changes in the TGs of the pulpitis model, and histological and molecular biological evidence confirmed that increased Nav1.7 expression induced by pulpitis leads to pain. Furthermore, selective inhibition of Nav1.7 resulted in changes in neural activity, suggesting that pulpitis induces increased Nav1.7 expression, and that effective control of Nav1.7 could potentially reduce pain. Conclusions: The inhibition of overexpressed Nav1.7 channels may modulate nociceptive signal processing in the brain and effectively control pain associated with pulpitis.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.48-71
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• 2024

Typhoons are representative oceanic and atmospheric phenomena that cause interactions within the Earth's system with diverse influences. In recent decades, the typhoons have tended to strengthen due to rapidly changing climate. The 2022 revised science curriculum emphasizes the importance of teaching-learning activities using advanced science and technology to cultivate digital literacy as a citizen of the future society. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the temporal and spatial limitations of textbook illustrations and to develop effective instructional materials using global-scale big data covered in the field of earth science. In this study, according to the procedure of the PDIE (Preparation, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model, the inquiry activity data was developed to visualize the track of the typhoon using the image data of GK-2A. In the preparatory stage, the 2015 and 2022 revised curriculum and the contents of the inquiry activities of the current textbooks were analyzed. In the development stage, inquiry activities were organized into a series of processes that can collect, process, visualize, and analyze observational data, and a GUI (Graphic User Interface)-based visualization program that can derive results with a simple operation was created. In the implementation and evaluation stage, classes were conducted with students, and classes using code and GUI programs were conducted respectively to compare the characteristics of each activity and confirm its applicability in the school field. The class materials presented in this study enable exploratory activities using actual observation data without professional programming knowledge which is expected to contribute to students' understanding and digital literacy in the field of earth science.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.127-142
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the status of urbanization of Namyangju-Si from 2001 till 2008, analyze the correlation of the change of surrounding land use according to the change of accessibility and analyze the correlation of the change of land use. Based on the result from correlation analysis, I simulated from the view point of interactions between agents of land use and transportation accessibility by using MAS. I tried to forecast, based on space, the change of surrounding land use caused by the change of accessibility. I conducted landscape analysis by using a land registration map. Also, I conducted GIS analysis statistical analysis simulation analysis of traffic data, land use data in order to analyze the correlation of the change of surrounding land use according to the change of accessibility. I could find out a certain pattern that new roads and railroads causes the within 500m adjacent land to change into urban land use, which led me to construct a system through which land use changing phenomenon can be expected according to the change of accessibility. It is expected that it can make the best use of selecting the location where new transportation facilities are constructed.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.305-315
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• 2008

Pre-proposed AHHS(Adaptive Hierarchical Hexagon Search) is a kind of the fast hierarchical block matching algorithm based on the AHS(Adaptive Hexagon Search). It is characterized as keeping the merits of the AHS capable of fast estimating motion vectors and also adaptively reducing the local minima often occurred in the video sequences with higher spatio-temporal motion activity. The objective of this paper is to propose the method effectively extending the horizontal biased pattern and the vertical biased pattern of the AHHS to improve its predictive image quality. In the paper, based on computer simulation results for multiple video sequences with different motion characteristics, the performance of the proposed method was analysed and assessed in terms of the predictive image quality and the computational time. The simulation results indicated that the proposed method was both suitable for (quasi-) stationary and large motion searches. While the proposed method increased the computational load on the process extending the hexagon search patterns, it could improve the predictive image quality so as to cancel out the increase of the computational load.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.471-479
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• 2011

Evapotranspiration (ET) including evaporation from a land surface and transpiration from photosynthesis of vegetation is a hydrological factor that has an important role in water cycle. However, there is a limitation to understand it due to heterogeneity of land cover and vegetation. In this study, Mapping EvapoTRanspiration with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) model, one of the energy balance models, and MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite based well-known Penman-Monteith algorithm were compared. Two ET maps were categorized and compared by land cover classification. The results represented overall applicability of the two models with the highest correlation coefficients in needleleaf and broadleaf forests. This study will be useful to estimate remote sensing based ET maps with high resolution and to figure out spatio-temporal variability and seasonal changes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2006

By analyzing the sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll ${\alpha}$, zooplankton and Orview/SeaWiFS satellite data in the Korean Waters from 1999 to 2001, we studied the seasonal and annual variation of chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentration and zooplankton biomass. Sea surface temperature was fluctuated with the typical seasonal variation in the waters of temperate zone. Chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentration and zooplankton biomass were high in spring and autumn. Year to year fluctuations on annual averaged chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentrations in Korean Waters in the spring from 1999 to 2001 were decreased continuously. On the other hand, the estimated chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ concentrations derived from SeaWiFS ocean color data were lower than the measured sea surface chlorophyll a in the Korean Waters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.472-472
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• 2011

탁도는 물의 상대적인 흐림 정도를 나타내는 척도로서 이는 빛이 물을 통과할 때 산란시키는 부유고형물질 때문에 발생한다. 토양침식에 의하여 지표수로 유입된 토사와 광물질은 하천의 수송 및 퇴적 과정을 거치며 이동한다. 이때 하상 퇴적물은 바닥으로부터 먹이를 찾는 유기체에 의해 뒤섞이며 입자들은 일정기간동안 물의 흐름에 의해 부유상태로 남아 있게 되고, 유입되는 영양소와 빛에 의하여 성장하는 조류 또한 탁도를 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 부유물질의 증가는 수중에 태양복사에너지 전달을 방해하여 수중생태계의 먹이사슬과 저서생물의 서식환경에 많은 영향을 미치고, 수표면 온도 또한 태양으로부터 열을 흡수하는 표면 근처의 부유물질에 의해 증가하여 용존산소의 양에도 영향을 미친다. 따라서 수체내 분포하고 있는 부유물질의 종류와 양 및 공간적 분포 파악은 수질문제와 재난 예방 및 생물의 서식환경 문제를 파악하고 해결하는 데 매우 중요하다. 그러나 부유물질에 부착되어 있는 영양소, 금속, 살충제 등은 물 순환 시스템을 통하여 끊임없이 운반되고 상류유역의 흐름 조건에 따라 시공간적으로 변화하기 때문에 이를 규명하는 것이 매우 어려운 실정이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 광역적인 탁수환경의 분석방법으로 원격탐사(Remote Sensing, 이후 RS) 기법을 이용한 방법이 제안되고 있다. 이미 선진국에서는 광역수계의 수질관리를 위해 RS 기법을 이용하여 신속하고 정확한 수질상태 파악을 시도하고 있으며, 우리나라에서도 KOMPSAT 발사를 계기로 RS 관련 기술이 비약적으로 진화하고 있다. 그러나 RS 데이터를 활용하는데 필수적인 분광학적 특성 규명에 대한 연구는 대부분 식생과 토양에 한정되어 있으며 수체에 대한 연구는 현장조사의 어려움으로 인하여 상당히 제한적인 수준이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 탁도의 변화에 따른 분광반사 특성을 휴대용 분광복사계를 이용하여 규명하고, 이를 Landsat 위성영상에 적용하여 새만금 유역을 대상으로 완공 직후인 2006년부터 2010년까지의 탁수환경을 모니터링 하였다. 그 결과 새만금 유역 탁수환경을 정성적으로 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 이용하여 탁수환경 연구에 RS 기법이 효과적임을 제시하고자 한다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.94-102
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• 2008

The development of digital technology constructs meaning through the narrative by digitalized story. Including mobile whole aspect movie, visual contents have the narrative structure and signification based on the digital technology. This study planned to explore the possibility that mobile movie can expand the classical narrative structure and bring up the method of signification. For this purpose, this paper proved the process to cohere narrative through redundancy and a double across of space-time structure according to the principle of causality in mobile movies such as and . According to the findings, mobile movies appeared to construct a consolidated structure through cohesion of meaning and to move the space-time doubly across at a subjective point of view of the characters for continuity of story. Such a result means the narrative structure and the method of signification of mobile movie are modifying or expanding the unique formation of classical films in accordance with mobile devices as digital media.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.573-591
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• 2010

In this study, trends of heat waves in the populous Seoul metropolitan area over the last 100 years (1908-2007) and spatio-temporal patterns of extreme heat waves and excessive human mortality are examined. In spite of recent global warming, there is no observable increasing or decreasing pattern in the frequency and intensity of heat waves in Seoul due to increases of summer precipitation. Among numerous episodes over the last 100 years in Seoul, 1994 summer is recognized as the unprecedented, most extreme hot episode with long-lasting, intense heat waves Meteorological data observed at the Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and land surface temperature data derived from Landsat TM satellite imagery in July 1994 reveal that extreme heat waves cause more abnormal increase of elderly mortality in the urbanized areas than in the surroundings covered with more vegetation. This study provides bioclimatological evidences of why urban thermal environments should be seriously considered in the future urban revitalization planning.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.229-236
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• 2018

The background fort this study is related to the concept of modern time and space which has been extended from physical space to virtual space in the present times witnessing the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Based on visual tactility and illusion in virtual reality, we intended to present the possibility of the interactions as realistic as the interactions occurring in reality. Regarding the scope of this study, we analyzed the relationship between illusion in game space and immersion in interactions based on the games used frequently among current virtual reality contents. The results of the study showed that the interactions in virtual reality occurred within the space converging the time and space and that the illusion of digital images had realistic position of reality without original. Research which investigates the interaction in virtual space and media projection method for real space and virtual space will provide useful basis for promoting technological development based on novel methods differentiated from existing image grammar and for identifying the content utilization methods.