• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.92-97
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• 2014

Purpose: Bisphosphonates are widely used for the management steroid-induced osteoporosis (SIO) in children. With the increasing use of bisphosphonates, there have been reports of abnormal radiological findings in the growing skeleton. Therefore, their use in pediatric patients remains controversial. The present study was conducted to evaluate the long-term follow-up radiographic features, particularly metaphyseal sclerotic lines, in children who receive pamidronate therapy for nephropathy. Methods: Twenty-four children with nephropathy treated with oral calcium and pamidronate (mean duration, 9 months; dose, 100 mg daily), were evaluated retrospectively. All patients had SIO secondary to chronic glucocorticoid therapy for treating nephropathy. Long bone radiographic imaging was performed before treatment with pamidronate, and at follow-up, several years later. Physeal growth rates were estimated by measuring the distance that the sclerotic lines moved on the radiographs during the corresponding time intervals. Results: The mean follow-up period was 138 months. Long bone radiographs showed well-defined sclerotic lines at the metaphyseal ends, progressively moving from the physeal plate to the diaphysis, in all patients. The mean rate of movement of the sclerotic line was 6.21 mm per year. In 12 patients, the lines disappeared. The mean rate of growth in height was 7.33 cm per year. Conclusions: Results of long-term follow-up suggest that the metaphyseal sclerotic lines associated with pamidronate treatment tend to disappear without affecting overall skeletal growth. Bisphosphonate treatment for SIO in children with nephropathy seems to be safe, although further studies in larger number of patients are needed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.503-516
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• 2001

Background : The present study was carried out in association with neutrophilic respiratory burst in the lung in order to clarify the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) following acute severe hemorrhage. Because oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the principal factors causing tissue injury, the role of free radicals from neutrophils was assessed in acute hemorrhage-induced lung injury. Method : In Sprague-Dawley rats, hemorrhagic shock was induced by withdrawing blood(20 ml/kg of B.W) for 5 min and the hypotensive state was sustained for 60 min. To determine the mechanism and role of oxidative stress associated with phospholipase A2(PLA2) by neutrophils, the level of lung leakage, pulmonary myeloperoxidase(MPO), and the pulmonary PLA2 were measured. In addition, the production of free radicals was assessed in isolated neutrophils by cytochemical electron microscopy in the lung. Results : In hypotensive shock-induced acute lung injury, the pulmonary MPO, the level of lung leakage and the production of free radicals were higher. The inhibition of PLA2 with mepacrine decreased the pulmonary MPO, level of lung leakage and the production of free radicals from neutrophils. Conclusion : A. neutrophilic respiratory burst is responsible for the oxidative stress causing acute lung injury followed by acute, severe hemorrhage. PLA2 activation is the principal cause of this oxidative stress.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

Purpose: The recent development of MR has made to possible radiological diagnosis in various soft tssue tumors. But multifarious components within soft tissue tumors and their periodic change have made to difficult even differentiation of malignant from benign soft tissue tumors solely on the MR. So authors retry to differentiate malignant from benign soft tissue tumors with clinical and MR finding complex. Materials and methods: We were analysed 82 pathologically confirmed soft tissue solid tumors (37 cases as malignancy including intermediate tumors and 45 cases as benign including inflammatory masses) which are correlated with clinical findings such as age, size, and location, MR findings such as tumor border, texture on T2 and contrast-T1 images, and enhancement area retrospectively. Many typical lipoma and cysts including of ganglion and abscess are rejected in the benign soft tissue tumor group because not difficult to diagnose on MR. Results: Malignant soft tissue tumors were more frequent in 21~40 and 61~80 years old of the age, above 3.0 cm of the size, trunk-pelvis-lower extremities of the location, and MR findings with irregular border and above 50% of the enhancement area than those of benign soft tissue tumors. Conclusion: The clinical finding that divided to two locations as trunk-pelvis-lower extremities and upper extremities-shoulder-spine was statistically significant to differentiate malignant from benign soft tissue solid tumors. However, the others would provide some useful informations to differentiate them never specific.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2017

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between KOSPI200 stock index and stock index futures and stock index option markets which is its derived from KOSPI200 stock index. We use 5-minutes rate of return data from 2012. 06 to 2014. 12. To empirical analysis, this study use autocorrelation and cross-correlation analysis as a preliminary analysis and then following Stoll and Whaley(1990) and Chan(1992), the multiple regression is estimated to examine the lead-lag patterns between the stock index and stock index futures and option markets by Newey and West's(1987) Empirical results of our study shows as follows. First, there exist a strong autocorrelation in the KOSPI200 stock index before 10minutes but a very weak autocorrelation in the stock index futures and option markets. Second, there is a strong evidence that stock index future and option markets lead KOSPI200 stock index in the cross-correlation analysis. Third, based on the multiple regression, the stock index futures and option markets lead the stock index prior to 10-15 minutes and weak evidence that the stock index leads the future and option markets. This results show that the market efficient of KOSPI200 stock index market is improved as compared to the early stage of stock index future and option market.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2000

The blood compatibilities of PU/PVA polymer blends with different mixing ratios were evaluated using various methods, such as fibrinogen adsorption, plasma recalcification time, platelet adhesion, whole blood clotting time, and complement activation. In addition, PVA on the surface of the polymer blends was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde to restrain the mobility of PVA molecules for characterizing the effect of PVA in the polymer blends on blood compatibility. The fibrinogen adsorption on the polymer blends decreased with the increase of PVA amount in the polymer blends. The plasma recalcification times of the polymer blends with 10-50 wt% PVA were longer than those of PU, PVA, and polymer blends with higher amount of PVA. The morphological changes and adhesion of platelets on the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA were less than those on the other materials. The blood clotting times and complement activation on the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA were reduced, compared to the other materials. On the other hand, the blood compatibility of the crosslinked polymer blends was relatively decreased, compared to the non-crosslinked ones. According to these experimental results, the blood compatibility of the polymer blends with 30-50 wt% PVA was better than that of the other materials and such a blood compatibility of the polymer blends might be related to the mobility of PVA molecules on the surface.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.80-80
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

The main thesis of this article is that the decisive point of creativity education is the cultivation of critical thinking capability. Although the narrow conception of creativity as divergent thinking is not subsumed under that of critical thinking, the role of divergent thinking is not so crucial in the science context of creative problem-solving. On the contrary, the broad conception of creativity as focusing on the reference to utility and the third conception of creativity as a process based on the variation and combination of existing pieces of information are crucial in creative problem-solving context, which are yet subsumed under that of critical thinking. The emphasis on critical thinking education is connected with the characteristics of contemporary knowledge-based society. This rapidly changing society requires situation-adaptive or situation-sensitive cognitive ability, whose core is critical thinking capability. Hence, the education of critical thinking is to be centered on the learning of blowing-how and procedural knowledge but not of knowing-that and declarative knowledge. Accordingly, the learning of critical thinking is to be headed towards the cultivation of competence but not just of performance. In conclusion, when a rational problem-solving through critical and logical thinking turns out consequently to be novel, we call it creative thinking. So, creativity is an emergent property based on critical and logical thinking.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.355-363
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• 2009

Increased oxidative stress by abnormal mitochondrial function can damage cell signal transduction and gene expression, and induce insulin resistance or diabetes. Autophagy, however, improve insulin resistance by clearance of malfunctioning mitochondria. Exercise also recovers the muscle dysfunction and degeneration by activating mitochondrial biogenesis. As it seems that exercise and autophagy might act as an orchestrated network to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, we investigated whether autophagy is involved in AMPK signal pathway stimulated by exercise or AICAR to increase mitochondrial biogenesis. And it showed that PGC-1 and mtTFA, but not autophagy marker LC3 mRNA expression were significantly increased by 6 hr of acute exercise. On the other hand, PGC-1 and mtTFA mRNA expression were upregulated by AICAR treatment to C2C12 myotube. However these genes were not inhibited by LC3 siRNA transfection. These results provide the evidence that autopahgy affects on mitochondrial biogenesis through different signal pathway from AMPK signal transduction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to show how could GIS along with digital maps and census data be used for scientific urban analysis and location analysis for a proposed project. Results are summarized as follows. First. after digital maps being completed, the census tract system being adopted, and major urban data being inputted in the computer file, GIS could be used intensively for various reliable urban analysis. With graphic statistical, and overlay functions of GIS, various physical and socio-economic characteristics of urban areas could be presented for analysis in the form of thematic and datapoint maps on the computer screen. Second, the locational analysis for a proposed project is a major part in the building permit review process, which tends to become disputable and time consuming as society become pluralized. Along with various GIS functions scientific decision-making methods could be developed, and the methods could play an important role for faster and scientific location analysis. As such, GIS would play an important role for faster and reliable urban analysis and location analysis and these functions finally would play important roles to improve public services and administration of local governments.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.11
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• pp.241-253
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• 1998

One form of the anomalies of stock price changes as reaction to earnings information is believed to be caused by the so-called earnings fixation, which is the overreaction of stock prices to earnings. According to the Sloan (1996) study, stock price changes are positively associated with earnings at the time of earnings releases, but the association becomes negative after that, as the early overreaction is corrected. However, the problem in his study is to use cash flows computed by adjusting earnings with appropriate income statement and balance sheet items. As Bahnson et al. (1996) show, these cash flows substantially deviate from SFAS No. 95 cash flows and the sample used in this study is found to be subject to this substantial measurement error. Therefore, the result of Sloan might be driven by this error and the reexamination of earnings fixation is warranted. The results are generally consistent with those in Sloan. First, earnings is positively associated with stock price changes at the time of earnings releases, but the association becomes negative after that. Second, cash flows show a weak association with stock price changes at the time of earnings releases, but the association become stronger thereafter. Third, when seperated from cash flows, accruals have an incremental explanation about stock price changes beyond that of cash flows, accruals have a negative association later on. This finding is consistent with stock price overreaction to accruals, even when more cleaner cash flow data are used.