• Archives of design research
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• v.14
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• pp.53-60
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• 1996

The most remarkable and characteristic problem of design is that of creativity of design. Originality is a part of creativity. In the process of designing, we used to handle design thoughts that shows some patte군 of divergent and productive thoughts. During design thinking, for example 'Idea sketch', We also are under Pattern Recognition and Gestalt principles organization. In this study, it is reorganized that the 'Originality Test of Line Drawing(OTLD)'is a measurement system for personal originality. There is a regression on two tests of OTLD, which has 1 Semester Interval. From the regression data, Test2 = 7.763 + 0.643Test1, F value : 55.219, Prob : 0.0001. We would suggest a measurement system for an ability of originality in design fields, but we couldn't find any reliability and validity for Fine Art fields. In this point, OTLD could be a development tool for design creativity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.408-412
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• 2009

Daily last time of irrigation in perlite bag culture was investigated to get high water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) and also sustain high productivity for tomato. The water content in the substrate was higher as the last time of irrigation was later from 4 to 1hour before sunset. The growth were not significantly different in all treatments. The marketable yield was the highest in treatments of 1 or 2hours before sunset and the lowest in treatment of 4hours. In the result to investigate for 128days WUE and FUE were the lowest in treatment of 1hour before sunset but the highest in treatment of 3hours before sunset. In the conclusion, it looks best to end irrigation 2~3hours before sunset in the aspects of plant growth, yield, WUE, and FUE.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2002

Designer creates new design alternatives using acquisition of visual information in design process. Which is more effectiveness to acquire in directive visual information or in-directive visual information\ulcorner In this research we would like to find out that the relation of character in visual information and design alternatives. So to A subjects, we give them to see directive visual information to make visual mental imagery, to B subjects, we give them to see in-directive visual information to make it. In this experiment they must crate telephone design. C subjects must evaluate this design alternatives by questions composing scale in distinction and elegant. After a experimentation, It is true that we make hypothesis that distinct two subjects in distinction and elegant. Though elegant is opposite with hypothesis. So to make elegant design. it is import to concentrate cognitive ability. Accordingly it proves that in-directive visual information is effective for new type design stage in design process and directive visual information is effective for new style design stage in design process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.199-207
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• 2017

This study would analyze the visual expression elements, including layout, color, picture and typography in the election posters with the five main candidates of the 19th Presidential Election as the targets of the analysis. This study analyzed the candidates' images in the election posters and conducted a survey of the visual expression elements survey by the age of the voters. As a result of the analysis, Presidential Candidate Moon Jae-in felt fresh, and Yoo Seung-min like Moon had high percentages in layout and color, highlighting his clean image. Hong Jun-pyo had the most diverse preferences by age, and Ahn Cheol-soo, who showed the most unprecedented poster, too, had diverse preferences by age. Shim Sang-jung, who emphasized her familiar image, had preferences for her visual expression elements by all age groups in the following order: layout, color, picture and typography. Therefore, in order to utilize the visual expressions of the election posters, effectively, it is necessary to clarify the messages that the candidates would claim. For this purpose, objective research should continue so that they can be further developed artistically and academically through broad understanding and analysis of the voters rather than subjective expressions.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2012

This research was performed to determine the appropriate daily last irrigation time to enhance the plant growth and the water and fertilizer use efficiencies in coir bag culture for tomato plant. The time to finish the daily irrigation was set by 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours before the sunset. The water content in the substrate was greatly affected by the last irrigation time. The earlier the last time, the greater the daily fluctuation of water contents in the substrate. The daily irrigation times were not affected by using irrigation management system controlled by drainage electrodes or the physiochemical properties of coir. The growth characteristics were not significantly different among the treatments. The highest marketable yields were obtained in the treatment finishing two hours before sunset, and the lowest yields were obtained in the the treatment finishing 4 hours before sunset. Based on the result from surveying quantity of irrigated water for 128 days of the experiment period, the water and fertilizer use efficiencies were lowest in the treatment finishing 4 hours before sunset, and the highest in the treatment finishing 2 hours before sunset. In terms of plant growth, yields, water and fertilizer use efficiencies, 2 hours before sunset treatment was determined as the most economical and desirable irrigation schedule.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.150-157
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the differences of mapping understanding and the types of mapping errors by the levels of students' cognitive/affective variables and the relationships between mapping understanding and these variables in learning 'concentration and reaction rate' with analogy. After administering the tests regarding logical thinking ability, visual imagery ability, analogical reasoning ability, self efficacy, and need for cognition as pretests, students learned with analogy. Then, students' familiarity and mapping understanding were examined. Analyses of the results revealed that the scores of the mapping understanding for the students with higher levels of all cognitive/affective variables except visual imagery ability and familiarity were significantly higher than those for the students with lower levels. The differences in the types of the mapping errors such as overmapping, failure to map, impossible mapping, artificial mapping, mismapping, rash mapping, and retention of a base feature were also found by the levels of students' cognitive and affective variables. The scores of students' mapping understanding were positively correlated with those of all cognitive and affective variables. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that students' science achievement, logical thinking ability, and familiarity were significant predictors of mapping understanding. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2008

This case used MI techniques that give an imagery experience to depressed client's mental resource, and that makes in to verbalism. Also those images are supportive level therapy examples that apply to positive variation. MI is simple word of 'Music and Imagery' with one of psychology cure called GIM(Guided Imagery and Music). It makes client can through to the inner world and search, confront, discern and solve with suitable music. Supportive Level MI is only used from safety level music. Introduction of private session can associate specification feeling, subject, word or image. And those images are guide to positive experience. The First session step of MI program is a prelude that makes concrete goal like first interview. The Second step is a transition that can concretely express about client's story. The third step is induction and music listening. And it helps to associate imagery more easily by used tension relaxation. Also it can search and associate about various imagery from the music. The last step is process that process drawing imagery, talking about personal imagery experience in common with therapist that bring the power by expansion the positive experience. Client A case targets rapport forming(empathy, understanding and support), searching positive recourse(child hood, family), client's emotion and positive support. Music must be used simple tone, repetition melody, steady rhythm and organized by harmony music of what therapist and client's preference. The client used defense mechanism and couldn't control emotion by depression in 1 & 2 sessions. But the result was client A could experience about support and understanding after 3 sessions. After session 4 the client had stable, changed to positive emotion from the negative emotion and found her spontaneous. Therefore, at the session 6, the client recognized that she will have step of positive time at the future. About client B, she established rapport forming(empathy, understanding and support) and searching issues and positive recognition(child hood, family), expression and insight(present, future). The music was comfortable, organizational at the session 1 & 2, but after session 3, its development was getting bigger and the main melody changed variation with high and low of tune. Also it used the classic and romantic music. The client avoids bad personal relations to religious relationship. But at the session 1 & 2, client had supportive experience and empathy because of her favorite, supportive music. After session 3, client B recognized and face to face the present issue. But she had avoidance and face to face of ambivalence. The client B had a experience about emotion change according depression and face to face client's issues After session 4. At the session 5 & 6, client tried to have will power of healthy life and fairly attitude, train mental power and solution attitude in the future. On this wise, MI program had actuality and clients' issues solution more than GIM program. MI can solute the issue by client's based issue without approach to unconsciousness like GIM. Especially it can use variety music and listening time is shorter than GIM and structuralize. Also can express client's emotion very well. So it can use corrective and complement MI program to children, adolescent and adult.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.323-334
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• 2003

This study is focused on subjective images that are produced before visualization in the digital information environment and on characteristics of objective, dynamic image expression that specifies the subjective images. In this study, the visual world that works in the action of "see"is expanded into vision of eyes, vision of brain, and vision of camera. Also we have redefined the definitions of image and its materialized image, yeongsang. It is defined that image contains a strong meaning of consciousness and mind, and that yeongsang involves vision in which constantly changing information of light is created and reproduced by physical processes. We made it clear that image expression in the 21 st century is becoming more generalized, simplified, and concentrated, by the digital technology, from existing specific non-real images to "informationalized" non-real images. This means that there exists an intrinsic difference in the expressional form of the modern analog environment and that of the recent digital environment in the area of yeongsang communication. Along with development of technology, image information raises plastic reality through indirect experience in the virtual space by expanding the sensual faculty of human. However, there also is a tendency for humans to rely more on technology instead of utilizing their creative faculty. Image expression by“the digital information environment” in the 21st century will pursue two sides; one is to shift from external expression of the human body in the cyber space to internal expression, and the other is to internalize the image world and make it connected worldwide. Further research is necessary in these fields.ary in these fields.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.409-414
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• 2010

The first drainage time in a day was controlled for precise irrigation management with low consumption of nutrient solution in tomato perlite bag culture system by measuring water level of drained water in drainage catchment part. This method automatically adjusted the irrigation time under any condition of light, temperature and humidity, resulting in stable water content in substrates. However, it was difficult to keep the time consistent as they were set. It drained with the deviation of 20 min in the treatment in which the first drainage time was set at 10:00 and 50 min in the treatment set at 10:30. The first drainage time was not constant, but the drain occurred stably before noon in the treatment of which irrigation frequency was longer than 30 min. The drainage ratio was better balanced in all the treatments using drainage level sensors than the treatment using time clock for irrigation control. High water and fertilizer efficiencies were obtained. Although the growth, total yield and sugar content were not significantly different between the treatments, fruit weight was higher in the treatments using drainage level sensors than that using timer.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.17-19
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• 1987

지난해 우리나라 경제는 안정속에 고도성장과 국제수지 흑자를 기록한 값진 보람을 느낀 한 해였다. 그러나 이같은 흑자기조는 개개기업의 성장잠재력에서 찾아볼 수도 있겠으나 대부분이 3저요인을 배경으로한 수출환경의 변화에 힘입은 바 크다. 그럼으로 언제 무산될지 모르는 장래를 낙관만 할 수는 없다. 지금의 현상을 어떻게 보는가에 대하여는 각계각층이 보는 시각에 따라 견해가 달라지겠으나 분명한 것은 국제유가나 국제이자가 오름세를 보이기 시작했다는 사실과 우리에게 국제경상수지흑자시대를 열어준 3저호재는 확실히 변해가고 있다는 것이다. 이렇게 볼 때 우리나라 경제는 해외요인변화에 매우 예민함으로 지금, 흑자기조가 정착되었다고 속단하기에는 너무 이른것 같다. 적어도 흑자기조가 정착되려면 모든 산업간, 계층간, 지역간의 불균형이 시정되고 기존의 산업기반을 내실화하는 단계에 있을 때 비로서 흑자경제의 향배가 가름하게 되는 것이다. 최근에 일어나고 있는 원화의 지속적인 평가절하, 엔화강세에 따른 원자재가격폭등은 우리에게 적지않은 위협을 주고있다. 이같은 상황에서 정부는 올해 국제수지흑자의 적정선유지를 위해 대미구매사절단의 파견, 수입선의 다변화, 수출지원정책의 감소등 다각적인 정책을 선택하고 있는 것으로써 일응 올바른 판단으로 수긍하나 다만 업종에 따른 특성에 배려가 있었으면 한다. 특히 우리나라의 기계공업은 20년의 짧은 근대화건설 과정에서 그나마 지금의 수준과 규모의 기반을 닦아왔다. 그러나 아직도 기술면에서 많은 취약점을 지니고 있어 대부분의 기초소재와 핵심부품이 해외에서 수입되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 기계공업이 명실공히 선도산업으로써 의 위치를 굳히기 위해서는 적어도 기계류의 수입국에서 수출국으로의 탈바꿈을 할 때 비로소 성취될 것이며, 이 때가 관련산업간의 불균형이 시정된 흑자시대라고 보는 것이 옳을 것 같다. 작금의 주변환경은 서두에서 언급한 3저호재에 심상치 않는 조짐이 보이고 있다. 이같은 주변환경에 관점을 두고 지금 우리가 당면하고 있는 과제 중의 하나인 원화절상을 지적하지 않을 수 없다. 이같은 원화절상내용을 중심으로 부가적으로 수반된 몇가지의 현안문제와 함께 점검해 보기로한다.