• Title/Summary/Keyword: 습지정책

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The Effect of CO2 Fixation for Microalgae based on CO2 Concentration and Flow Rate (이산화탄소 농도 및 유속에 따른 하천 내 미세조류의 이산화탄소 고정 효과)

  • Park, Hyomin;Lee, Sangdon
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.363-369
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    • 2018
  • One of the recent environmental problems is climate change due to the increase of atmospheric $CO_2$, which causes ecological changes and various environmental problems. Therefore, various studies are being carried out to reduce $CO_2$ in the world in order to solve various environmental problems caused by increase of $CO_2$. The $CO_2$ reduction using microalgae is an environmentally friendly method by using photosynthesis reaction of microalgae. However, most studies using single species. There is no study on the $CO_2$ fixing efficiency of microalgae in natural rivers. Therefore, this study was to identify the microalgae in the Sum river and to analyze the growth characteristics of microalgae in the river to obtain optimal culture conditions. And the changes of biomass and chlorophyll-a of microalgae were analyzed according to $CO_2$ concentration and injection rate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fixing efficiency of carbon dioxide in microalgae in natural rivers. Six kinds of dominant species were observed as a result of the identification of microalgae in Sum river(Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Scenedesmus intermedius, Selenodictyum sp., Xanthidium apiculatum var. laeve, Cosmarium pseudoquinarium, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum). All of these species were green algae. Biomass and chlorophyll-a increased with the increase of $CO_2$ concentration and biomass and chlorophyll-a increased faster flow rate at the same $CO_2$ concentration. Also, the quantity of $CO_2$ fixation on the microalgae tended to be higher when the flow rate of injected gas was faster. This study can be referred as being significant in the micro-algae in river. In addition, the optimal conditions for $CO_2$ fixation of microalgae in rivers and the quantification of the quantity of $CO_2$ fixation from microalgae in rivers can be used as basic data for future policy of $CO_2$ reduction.

The Effective Approach for Non-Point Source Management (효과적인 비점오염원관리를 위한 접근 방향)

  • Park, Jae Hong;Ryu, Jichul;Shin, Dong Seok;Lee, Jae Kwan
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.140-146
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    • 2019
  • In order to manage non-point sources, the paradigm of the system should be changed so that the management of non-point sources will be systematized from the beginning of the use and development of the land. It is necessary to change the method of national subsidy support and poeration plan for the non-point source management area. In order to increase the effectiveness of the non-point source reduction project, it is necessary to provide a minimum support ratio and to provide additional support according to the performance of the local government. A new system should be established to evaluate the performance of non-point source reduction projects and to monitor the operational effectiveness. It is necessary to establish the related rules that can lead the local government to take responsible administration so that the local governments faithfully carry out the non-point source reduction project and achieve the planned achievement and become the sustainable maintenance. Alternative solutions are needed, such as problems with the use of $100{\mu}m$ filter in automatic sampling and analysis, timely acquisition of water sampling and analysis during rainfall, and effective management of non-point sources network operation management. As an alternative, it is necessary to consider improving the performance of sampling and analysis equipment, and operate the base station. In addition, countermeasures are needed if the amount of pollutant reduction according to the non-point source reduction facility promoted by the national subsidy is required to be used as the development load of the TMDLs. As an alternative, it is possible to consider supporting incentive type of part of the maintenance cost of the non-point source reduction facility depending on the amount of pollutants reduction.

Environmental cooperation strategies of Korean Peninsula considering International Environmental Regimes (한반도 환경협력을 위한 국제사회 동향과 미래 협력방안)

  • Chul-Hee Lim;Hyun-Ah Choi
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.224-238
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    • 2022
  • North Korea has actively participated in the international community related to environmental agreements. It has proposed various environmental policies internally since the Kim Jong-un regime. In particular, it emphasizes activities related to climate change response, the Sustainable Development Goals, and the conservation of ecosystems including forests and wetlands. In this study, a new security cooperation plan was proposed with an understanding of the climate crisis and environmental regime as a starting point. To this end, trends and recent activities for climate-environment cooperation in the international community and on the Korean Peninsula were analyzed. In addition, North Korea's conditions for cooperation on the Korean Peninsula, technology demand, and the projected future environment of the Korean Peninsula were dealt with. Ultimately, through advice of experts, we were able to discover cooperation agendas by sector and propose short-term and long-term environmental cooperation strategies for the Korean Peninsula based on them. In this study, conditions and directions for cooperation in fields of climate technology, biological resources, air/weather, water environment, biodiversity, renewable energy, bioenergy, and so on were considered comprehensively. Among 21 cooperation agendas discovered in this study, energy showed the largest number of areas. Renewable energy, forest resources, and environmental and meteorological information stood out as agendas that could be cooperated in the short term. As representative initiatives, joint promotion of 'renewable energy' that could contribute to North Korea's energy demand and carbon neutrality and 'forest cooperation' that could be recognized as a source of disaster reduction and greenhouse gas sinks were suggested.

Impact Assessment of Sea_Level Rise based on Coastal Vulnerability Index (연안 취약성 지수를 활용한 해수면 상승 영향평가 방안 연구)

  • Lee, Haemi;Kang, Tae soon;Cho, Kwangwoo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.304-314
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    • 2015
  • We have reviewed the current status of coastal vulnerability index(CVI) to be guided into an appropriate CVI development for Korean coast and applied a methodology into the east coast of Korea to quantify coastal vulnerability by future sea_level rise. The CVIs reviewed includes USGS CVI, sea_level rise CVI, compound CVI, and multi scale CVI. The USGS CVI, expressed into the external forcing of sea_level rise, wave and tide, and adaptive capacity of morphology, erosion and slope, is adopted here for CVI quantification. The range of CVI is 1.826~22.361 with a mean of 7.085 for present condition and increases into 2.887~30.619 with a mean of 12.361 for the year of 2100(1 m sea_level rise). The index "VERY HIGH" is currently 8.57% of the coast and occupies 35.56% in 2100. The pattern of CVI change by sea_level rise is different to different local areas, and Gangneung, Yangyang and Goseong show the highest increase. The land use pattern in the "VERY HIGH" index is dominated by both human system of housing complex, road, cropland, etc, and natural system of sand, wetland, forestry, etc., which suggests existing land utilization should be reframed in the era of climate change. Though CVI approach is highly efficient to deal with a large set of climate scenarios entailed in climate impact assessment due to uncertainties, we also propose three_level assessment for the application of CVI methodology in the site specific adaptation such as first screening assessment by CVI, second scoping assessment by impact model, and final risk quantification with the result of impact model.

Analyzing the effect of LID(Low Impact Development) using the CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool) (CAT을 이용한 LID(Low Impact Development) 효과 분석)

  • Jang, Cheol-Hee;Kim, Hyeon-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.278-278
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    • 2012
  • 최근 녹색도시를 지향하면서 도시 내에서의 물의 순환에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 도시계획 단계에서부터 물의 순환을 고려하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. 국토해양부, 환경부, 소방방재청 및 지방자치단체들은 법령, 기준, 지침 및 조례 등을 제정하여 물순환을 도시개발 이전의 상태가 될 수 있도록 시설 설치를 유도하고 있다. 그러나, 개별시설들의 조합이 유역규모의 물순환에 미치는 영향 평가는 이루어지고 있지 못한 실정이다. 종래에는 홍수저감을 목적으로 홍수저류지와 침투시설에 대하여 설계하고 시공을 하였으나 장기적인 관점에서 LID 시설의 효과를 평가하여 도시 계획 단계에서 반영하지는 못하였다. 그리고 이들 개별 LID 시설(침투, 저류 등)에 대한 단위 시설의 규모 설계에 그치고 있어 개선 시설이 다중으로 조합되어 분산 계획되었을 경우, 유역 규모에서 물순환의 긍정적인 변화를 판단하기는 어려운 형편이다. 도시지역에서의 LID(Low Impact Development) 효과 분석과 연계된 유역 물순환 해석을 위하여 독일, 호주 및 미국에서는 STORM, Urban Developer, SUSTAIN(System for Urban Stromwater Treatment, and Analysis INtegratration) 및 SWMM LID(Storm Wastewater Management Model LID) 등의 모형을 출시하고 실무에 적용하고 있다. 그러나, 해외에서 개발된 기술은 국내의 유역 환경을 충분히 반영하기 어렵다. 저수지 혹은 하천에서의 취수 등과 같이 국내의 복잡한 물순환 형태를 반영하는데 한계가 있으며, 기존의 물순환 해석모형에 의한 LID 시설을 계획하는 방법은 홍수저감에 국한되어 있고, 하천 유량이나 지하수위 측정 자료가 부족한 대상지역에 대한 장기적인 유역 물순환 및 도시 개발과 같은 토지이용 변화가 물순환에 미치는 영향을 해석하는데 있어 제한이 있고, 개별적으로 설치된 LID 시설들이 유역의 물순환을 개선하는 효과를 종합적, 정량적으로 구현하는데 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시 개발 지역의 장기간에 걸친 물순환의 변화를 예측하고 물순환을 개선시키는 대안 시설의 효과를 사전에 평가하는 것을 목표로 김현준 등(한국건설기술연구원, 2011)이 개발한 유역 물순환 해석 모형인 CAT(Catchment hydrologic cycle Assessment Tool)을 이용하였다. 특히, CAT은 사용자의 목적에 맞는 다양한 물순환 개선시설(침투시설, 저류지, 습지, 빗물저장 시설, 리사이클 및 외부급수 등)의 구현 및 모의가 가능하도록 개발되었다. 대상유역으로는 경기도 Y지구를 선정하였으며 도시개발 시나리오(전원도시 및 산업도시 등)에 따른 LID 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 대상지역에 대한 도시유형별 개발계획에 따른 개발 전 후 물순환 변화량 분석 및 LID 시설 계획에 의한 물순환 개선효과를 살펴보면 1998년부터 2007년까지의 평균 강우량을 1,271mm라고 할 때 산업도시의 경우 도시 개발 전의 증발산, 직접유출 및 기저유출은 각각 53%, 29%, 19%로 나타났으며 도시 개발 후 35%, 54%, 12%로 직접유출이 개발 전에 비해 86%나 증가하여 개발에 따른 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 이러한 개발에 따른 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 LID 시설을 계획하여 효과를 분석한 결과 증발산, 직접유출, 기저유출이 44%, 34%, 13%로 나타나 도시 개발 후의 왜곡된 물순환 체계가 개발전의 수준과 근접하게 나타나 LID 시설의 긍정적인 효과를 검토할 수 있었다. 이상에서와 같이 CAT 모형을 사용하여 도시유역의 물순환 체계를 진단하고, LID 시설의 효과를 평가할 수 있게 됨으로써 향후 도시유역에 대한 물순환 정상화를 실현하기 위한 정책 수립에 기초자료를 제공하고, 설계 실무에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

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Derivation of Important Factors the Resilience of Purchased Land in the Riparian Zone Using AHP Analysis (AHP분석을 활용한 수변구역 매수토지의 회복탄력성 중요인자 도출)

  • Back, Seung-Jun;Lee, Chan;Jang, Jae-Hoon;Kang, Hyun-Kyung;Lee, Soo-Dong
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.35 no.4
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    • pp.387-397
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to present reference data necessary for developing evaluation indicators to analyze the actual resilience of purchased land by investigating the factors that affect the restoration of the purchased land in the riparian zone and quantitatively calculating its importance. The main results are as follows. Firstly, this study identified 34 potential resilience factors through a literature review encompassing domestic and overseas studies and derived seven ecological responsiveness factors, six physical responsiveness factors, and four managerial responsiveness factors through the Delphi survey. Secondly, reliability analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis derived the following important factors: structural stability of the vegetation restored in the purchased land, species diversity of wildlife, structural stability of wildlife, the size of restored wetland after purchase, number of plant species, and the land cover status adjacent to the purchased land. The study results are expected to be helpful information for ecological restoration and management plans reflecting reinforcing factors for resilience at each stage of land purchase, restoration, and management.

Assessment of the long-term hydrologic impacts on the ungaged Tumen River basin by using satellite and global LSM based on data and SWAT model (위성 및 광역지표모형 기반 자료와 SWAT 모형을 이용한 미계측 두만강 유역의 장기 수문영향 평가)

  • Cho, Younghyun;Ahn, Yoon Ho;Park, Sang Young;Park, Jin Hyeog
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.94-94
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    • 2020
  • 최근 정부의 신북방정책 추진에 따라 수자원분야에서는 동북아지역 국제 공유하천을 중심의 물 정보 및 연구협력 기회 확보와 지정학적 특성을 고려한 지역 현안해결 중심의 연구가 재조명 되고 있다. 두만강은 이러한 동북아의 중심에 위치하고 있으며, 중국, 북한, 러이사의 국경을 따라 흐르며 지역 수자원의 대부분을 공급하는 국제하천이다. 또한, 지난 2018년 5월에는 하구유역이 람사르(Ramsar) 습지로 승인됨에 따라 철새 등을 포함한 생태가치의 중요성도 크게 증가하였다. 하지만 이 지역은 유역의 지정학적 민감성과 접근이 제한된 관측 정보들로 인해 그 수자원·환경 효용성을 정확하게 파악할 수 없을 뿐만 아니라, 최근 기후변화에 따른 영향으로 홍수, 가뭄 등의 수재해와 수질오염 등의 문제가 발생하고 있어 가용한 기술기반의 직·간접적 접근을 통한 장기수문 및 환경변화 등에 대한 분석과 관리방안 수립 등의 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 미계측 두만강 유역을 대상으로 우선, 가용한 위성자료 및 광역지표모형(MERRA-2) 기반 NASA POWER(Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource) 수문기상 자료와 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형을 활용하여 장기 수문영향을 평가하고자 한다. SWAT 모형은 전 지구적으로 활용 가능한 격자 해상도 약 30m의 위성기반 수치표고모형(DEM), 광역 토양도, 지역 토지이용도 자료를 활용하여 두만강 유역을 전체 19개 소유역 및 18개 하도, 138개 HRUs의 수문분석 단위로 구축하였으며, 모의는 미국 NOAA NCDC(National Climate Data Center) 및 중국 CMDC(China Meteorological Data Service Center)의 주요 관측지점에서 선별한 총 13개소의 위치에 대해 재분석된 기후/기상자료들(NASA POWER 강수, 기온, 풍속, 상대습도 및 일사량)을 적용, 1990년에서 2019년까지의 30개년도 연속자료를 구축활용 하였다. 한편, 모형의 검·보정은 앞서 언급한 관측 자료의 부재로 과거 문헌 등을 통해 파악할 수 있는 연 단위 수자원 총량 등을 활용해 진행코자한다. 아울러, 향후는 최근 활용 가능한 장기 위성관측 강수량을 적용, 재분석 자료 결과와의 비교를 통해 상호 분석 오류를 줄여나갈 수 있을 것으로도 판단된다.

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Review on the Protected Areas Issues within Mid-Long Term National Plans for Territory and Environment of Korea; Focus on the "Biodiversity 2011-2020 Strategic Targets" and "Protected Areas Decision" (우리나라 국토 및 환경 분야 중장기 국가계획의 보호지역 관련 내용 고찰 - "생물다양성협약 2011~2020 전략목표" 및 "보호지역 결정문" 내용을 중심으로-)

  • Heo, Hag Young
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.3-37
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    • 2012
  • In perspective of biodiversity conservation and protected areas (PAs), the aims of the study are to review the mid-long term national plans, which deal with national territory and environment in Korea, and to find out the way to improve this issue. Key issues were drawn by referring "Biodiversity 2011-2020 Strategic Targets" and "Protected Area Decision" in CBD CoP-10 and 7 National comprehensive or basic Plans were reviewed. Quoting Biodiversity 2011-2020 Strategic Target 5, "By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced", most of national plans included various methods such as "No Net Loss of Green", "No Net Loss of Wetlands", and so on. Regarding the target 11, "By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas, ecologically representative and well connected systems of PAs and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascapes", 15% by 2015 was set up as a target of total PAs in Korea and 13% by 2015 or 2020 was set up as a target of coastal and marine PAs. CBD CoP-10 Decision X/31 (Protected Areas) invites parties to develop a national long-term action plan for the implementation of PoWPA and describes 10 issues that need greater attention. National action plan for the implementation of PoWPA doesn't be mentioned at any national plans even PoWPA. Regarding the 10 issues, most of issues were well reflected within various national plans, however there is still a need to improve the details and corelation between plans. Particularly, in terms of management effectiveness evaluation (MEE), there was no national plan to directly deal with MEE even though CBD invites parties to work towards assessing 60% of the total PAs by 2015. Based on the review results, below 4 items were suggested; (1)"The Comprehensive Plan of the National Territory" needs more attention on the Biodiversity Conservation and PAs, (2)Consider to establish "National PA System Plan" embedded into "the Comprehensive Plan of National Environment", (3)Establish a "National Action Plan for the implementation of PoWPA", (4)Improve the National Plans through linking with Biodiversity 2011-2020 Strategic Targets and relevant PA key issues.

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Analysis of Contribution to Net Zero of Non-Urban Settlement - For Green Infrastructure in Rural Areas - (비도시 정주지의 탄소중립 기여도 분석 - 농촌지역 그린인프라를 대상으로 -)

  • Lee, Dong-Kyu;An, Byung-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.50 no.3
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    • pp.19-34
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    • 2022
  • This study was conducted to provide basic data that can be used when establishing Net Zero policies and implementation plans for non-urban settlements by quantitatively analyzing the Net Zero contribution to green infrastructure in rural areas corresponding to non-urban settlements. The main purpose is to first, systematize green infrastructure in rural areas, secondly derive basic units for each element of green infrastructure, and thirdly quantify and present the impact on Net Zero in Korea using these. In this study, CVR(Content Validity Ration) analysis was performed to verify the adequacy of green infrastructure elements in rural areas derived through research and analysis of previous studies, is as follows. First, Hubs of Green infrastructure in rural area include village forests, wetlands, farm land, and smart farms with a CVR value of .500 or higher. And Links of Green infrastructure in rural area include streams, village green areas, and LID (rainwater recycling). Second, the basic unit for each green infrastructure element was presented by classifying it into minimum, maximum, and median values using the results of previous studies so that it could be used for spatial planning and design for Net Zero. Third, when Green infrastructure in rural areas is applied to non-urban settlements in Korea, it is analyzed that it has the effect of indirectly reducing CO2 by at least 70.76 million tons and up to 141.16 million tons. This is 3.4 to 6.7 times the amount of CO2 emission from the agricultural sector in 2019, and it can be seen that the contribution to Net Zero is very high. It is expected to greatly contribute to the transformation of the ecosystem. This study quantitatively presented the carbon-neutral contribution to settlements located in non-urban areas, and by deriving the carbon reduction unit for each element of green infrastructure in rural areas, it can be used in spatial planning and design for carbon-neutral at the village level. It has significance as a basic research. In particular, the basic unit of carbon reduction for each green infrastructure factors will be usable for Net Zero policy at the village level, presenting a quantitative target when establishing a plan, and checking whether or not it has been achieved. In addition, based on this, it will be possible to expand and apply Net Zero at regional and city units such as cities, counties, and districts.

Autumn Migration of Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) Tracked by Wild-Tracker in East Asia (야생동물위치추적기를 이용한 동아시아 저어새(Platalea minor)의 가을 이동경로)

  • Jung, Sang-Min;Kang, Jung-hoon;Kim, In-Kyu;Lee, Han-soo;Lee, Si-Wan;Oh, Hong-Shik
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.478-485
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    • 2018
  • With the total population of 3,356 worldwide as of 2016, the black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is designated as "endangered (EN)" species by IUCN. About 70% of population breeds on the uninhabited islands near the west coast of Korea and wintering area is Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, etc. However, there is few detail research in Korea and East Asia on black-faced spoonbill's long range migration and its habitat when migrating southward. We studied black-faced spoonbill's migration route, distribution, stopover, wintering sites, and timing of migration movements using a wild-tracker (WT-200, GPS-Mobile phone based telemetry, KoEco). We caught the black-faced spoonbills in the breeding sites (Gugi island, Bi island, Sangyeobawi, Chilsan island) in Korea in late June 2014. We attached the wild-tracker to 10 juvenile black-faced spoonbills. The tracking showed that the black-faced spoonbills started southward migration between late October and early November. The traveling distance to wintering site was maximum at 1,820 km, minimum at 746 km, the average at 1,201km. The maximum daily traveling distance was 1,479 km with an average of 782 km. The average days it took from breeding site to wintering site was 10 days (SD=10.7). The shortest duration was 2 days, and the longest duration was 34 days. Most individuals used 2-3 stopover sites between the breeding sites to the wintering sites and stayed almost 1-2 days (maximum 31 days). Stopover sites were wetlands such as rivers, streams, reservoir, and mud flat. The wintering sites were coastal areas (five individuals) in China, inland (one individual) in China, Taiwan (three individuals), and Japan (one individual). In conclusion, it is necessary to preserve the stopover sites and wintering site of the black-faced spoonbills through consultation and protection policy between countries and establish the systematic preservation measures and activity plans through continued moniting and additional studies.