• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-61
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• 2024

This study aims to present an 'integrated circular model' as a model to explain the phenomenon of curriculum autonomy applied to the school field after Korea's curriculum autonomy policy is determined. To this end, first, the significance of curriculum autonomy and the characteristics of curriculum autonomy in Korea were examined. Second, the necessity of an alternative curriculum policy-making model was discussed based on the critical analysis of the policy-making model. Third, the integrated circular model was explored. Here, the condition search for model establishment and the basic direction of the model were presented, and an integrated circular model was devised. The integrated circular model was divided into a macro model and a micro model, examined, and presented as an integrated model. As a result of the discussion, it was necessary to conceptualize the autonomy in which the self-requesting behavior of the curriculum to the state was promoted due to the autonomy granted by the state, and the exclusion and internal control of the curriculum were established. Through these discussions, suggestions such as generalization of model application, curriculum quality management, and supplementation through verification were made.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5C
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

The use of energy pile foundation has been increased for economic utilization of geothermal energy. In particular, a coil-shaped ground heat exchanger (GHE) is preferred than conventional U-shaped heat exchanger to ensure better efficiency of heat exchange rate. This paper presents experimental results by changing different pitch spaces of spiral coils. Joomunjin sand was filled in a steel box of which the size was $5m{\times}1m{\times}1m$. Thermal response tests (TRTs) were conducted to measure the ground thermal conductivity with temperatures of circulating water using line source model and ring coil model. Experimental results and analytical solutions were compared to validate the applicability of these models. Ring coil model showed more accurate similar results with experimental data rather than line source model and cylindrical source model.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.55-70
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• 2016

Multi shopping malls provide us new life-style nowadays with the term, malling. Multi shopping malls are consisted of selling space, entertainment space and convenience space so that arrangement and circulation planning of each facilities have large influence to users. Based on this influences, this study aims to provide basic data for multi shopping malls' circulation planning. Therefore, this study selected 6 multi shopping malls in Seoul and conducted survey that satisfaction of circulation planning of multi shopping malls. For user satisfaction investigation, we studied concept of multi shopping mall following Korean building act and selected composition and characteristics of circulation. Also, we classified the malls to size and circulation shapes for comparison of the satisfaction results. Classified types are high-rise and low-rise and they are separated to small size and big size. In addition, classified circulation shapes are categorized to net type, loop type, cyclical loop type and multi type by forms of central space and main stream of the malls.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2024

In this study, the mechanical properties of PHC pile concrete using alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum were evaluated. As the replacement ratio of alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum increased, the setting time rapidly accelerated. In particular, when replacement ratio exceeded 20 %, the setting time was shortened due to rapid hydration reaction, making it impossible to secure working time. As the replacement ratio of alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum increased, the ettringite and gypsum peaks tended to increase, and it is believed that the shrinkage of concrete decreased due to the increase in the ettringite peak. At a As the replacement ratio of 5 to 15 % for alpha-type hemihydrate gypsum, the compressive strength increased or was found to be equivalent to that of OPC. But at 20 % substitution, workability deteriorated due to rapid setting, so use of the 5 to 15 % range is considered appropriate.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.8-13
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• 2018

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have recently been very influential in the generation of ultrafine dust, which is of great social interest in terms of improving the atmospheric environment. Nitrogen oxides are generated mainly by the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen in air in a combustion gas atmosphere of high temperature in a combustion apparatus such as thermal power generation. Recently, research has been conducted on the combustion that recirculates the exhaust gas to the cylindrical burner by using a piping using a Coanda nozzle. In this study, three types of burners were carried out through computational fluid analysis. Case 1 burner with the outlet of the combustion gas to the right, Case 2 burner with both sides as gas exit, Case 3 burner with left side gas exit. The pressure, flow, temperature, combustion reaction rate and distribution characteristics of nitrogen oxides were compared and analyzed. The combustion reaction occurred in Case 1 and Case 2 burner in the right direction with combustion gas recirculation inlet and Case 3 burner in the vicinity of mixed gas inlet. The temperature at the outlet was about $100^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the other burners as the Case 2 burner was exhausted to both sides. The NOx concentration of Case 1 burner at the exit was about 20 times larger than that of the other burners. From the present study, it could be seen that it is effective for the NOx reduction to exhaust the exhaust gas to both side gas exits or to exhaust the exhaust gas to the opposite direction of inlet of recirculation gas.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a titanium component for the zirconia abutment in the internal connection implant system on screw loosening under thermocycling conditions. Materials and Methods: Internal connection titanium abutments and external connection zirconia abutments with titanium sockets were connected respectively to screw-shaped internal connection type titanium implants with 30 Ncm tightening. These implant-screw-abutment assemblies were divided into two groups of five specimens each; titanium abutments as control and zirconia abutments with titanium sockets as experimental group. The specimens were subjected to 2,000 thermocycles in water baths at $5^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$, with 60 seconds of immersion at each temperature. The removal torque values (RTVs) of the abutment screws of the specimen were measured before and after thermocycling. RTVs pre- and post-thermocycling were investigated in statistics. Results: There was not screw loosening identified by tactile and visual inspection in any of the specimens during or after thermocycling. The mean RTV difference for the control group and the experimental group were $-1.34{\pm}2.53Ncm$ and $-1.26{\pm}2.06Ncm$, respectively. Statistical analysis using an independent t-test revealed that no significant differences were found in the mean RTV difference of the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the titanium socket for the zirconia abutment did not show a significant effect on screw loosening under thermal stress compared to the titanium abutment in the internal connection implant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.140-150
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• 2018

For the estimation of greenhouse gas dynamics in forests, it is useful to use a model which simulates both carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycle simultaneously. A forest C model, called FBDC, was developed and validated in Korea. However, studies on development of forest N model are insufficient. This study aimed to suggest a development process of a forest C and N model. We analyzed the general features, structures, ecological processes, input data, output data, and methods of integrating C and N cycles of the VISIT, Biome-BGC, Forest-DNDC, and O-CN. The structure and features of the FBDC were also analyzed. The VISIT was developed by integrating forest C model with a N cycle module, and the new model also could be designed by combining the FBDC with a N cycle module. The VISIT and Forest-DNDC could estimate soil $N_2O$ emissions, and the integrated model should include the processes shared by these models. Especially, the overseas models linked C and N cycles based on N absorption, C absorption, and decomposition of dead organic matter. Therefore, the integration of the FBDC with N cycle module should apply this linkage of structures between C and N cycles. Climate, soil texture, and species distribution data, which are essential for the model development, were available in Korea. However, parameter data associated with N cycle and validation data for soil $N_2O$ emissions need to be obtained by field studies.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2012

Object : The aim of this study was to assess the clinical indicators related to Pattern-Identification(PI) in acute cerebral infarction patients. Methods : We studied hospitalized patients within 30days after ictus, who admitted at Korean Medicine Center of Kyung-Hee University from January 2010 to October 2012.(n=290) Two Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM) physicians evaluated the patients independently and diagnosed PI. Inter-rater reliability was measured using simple percentage agreement and the Cohen's kappa(κ) coefficient. To assess the clinical indicators closely related to each PI, we analysed average score of each indicator in each group. Results : Simple percentage agreement of PI between raters was 64.83% and Cohen's kappa(κ) coefficient was 0.526(95% CI: 0.451-0.600). Inter-rater reliability level was fair to good. We analysed the clinical indicators in each group. Significant indicators for Fire-Heat Pattern(FHP) were reddened complexion and strong pulse power, and meaningful indicators for FHP were halitosis and thick tongue fur. Significant indicator for Dampness-Phlegm Pattern(DPP) was overweight and there was no meaningful indicator. Significant indicator for Yin-Deficiency Pattern(YDP) was dry tongue fur and meaningful indicator for YDP was thirst. There was no significant indicator for Qi-Deficiency Pattern(QDP) and pale complexion and faint low voice were meaningful indicators for QDP. Conclusions : This study reveals the significant and meaningful clinical indicators related to each Pattern-Identification in acute cerebral infarction patients. It will contribute to standardization of Korean Medical Diagnosis and Treatment in acute cerebral infarction patients.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

In order to select suitable bioreactor type inhibiting cell stress during submerged culture of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, the growth characteristics and ergosterol contents were investigated using the external-loop type of air-lift bioreactor (ETAB), balloon type of air bubble bioreactor (BTBB) and column type of air bubble bioreactor (CTBB). Dry weights of the T. matsutake in the BTBB, ETAB and CTBB were 12 g, 11.4 g, and 9.5 g per 1 litter, respectively. BTBB, ETAB and CTBB reached stagnant phases 16, 20, and 24 days after cultivation, respectively, The BTBB was more suitable for liquid culture of T. matsutake mycelium compared to other bioreactors owing to much mycelia product and short culture period. The ergosterol contents produced by the mycelium in the bioreactors were in sequence of BTBB, CTBB, and ETAB at every growth phase. BTBB might affect the mycelium on producing the smallest size of pellets. BTBB and CTBB got the mycelium precipitated and coagulated under operation of bioreactor sparser, whereas ETAB shown no effect of above phenomenon. A renovated bioreactor combined between a balloon shape of BTBB and an external-loop of ETAB was developed to enhance the efficiency of culture technique.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.05a
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• pp.741-746
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• 1995

일체형원자로는 노심, 증기발생기, 가압기, 펌프 등 1차측 주기기들을 하나의 압력용기 안에 모두 포함하고 있고 또 1차측 냉각재가 원자로 안에서만 순환하므로 기존의 분리 형에 비해 구조특성상 상당히 다른 설계개념이 필요하다. 본 연구에서 개발중에 있는 일체형 열병합원자로에서 채택한 설계개념은, 먼저 증기발생기는 많은 수의 전열관들이 나사선처럼 노심지지원통을 감고 올라가는 일체형 관류식 나선형을 사용하였으며, CEDM은 지진하중과 같은 동적하중에 의한 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 원자로용기 외부로의 돌출부분을 최소화하는 설계개념을 채택하였다. 또한 가압기는 별도의 부품없이 원자로용기 헤드의 빈공간을 활용한 자기가압방식으로 대체하였고 냉각재 펑프는 Canned Motor Pump를 원자로벽에 직접 부착하는 개념을 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 예비개념설계된 일체형 신형원자로의 기계구조설계상의 특징들을 설명하고 앞으로의 연구방향을 간략히 소개한다.