• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2004

Two phase thermosyphone loop for electronics cooling are designed and manufactured to test its performance under the partial load and low environment temperature conditions. The thermosyphone device has six evaporators connected parallel for the purpose of cooling six power amplifier units (PAU) independently. The heater modules for simulating PAUs are adhered with thermal pad to the evaporator plates to reduce the contact resistance. There are unbalanced distributions of liquid refrigerant in the differently heated evaporators due to the vapor pressure difference. To reduce the vapor pressure differences caused by partial heating, two evaporators are connected each other using the copper tube. The pressure regulation tube successfully reduces these unbalances and it is good candidates for a field distributed systems. Under the low environment temperature operating condition, such as $-30^{\circ}C$, there may be unexpected subcooling in condenser. It leads the very low saturation pressure, and under this condition there exists explosive boiling in evaporator. The abrupt pressure rise due to the explosive boiling inhibits the supplement of liquid refrigerant to the evaporator for continuous cooling. Finally the cooling cycle will be broken. For the normal circulation of refrigerant there may be an optimum cooling air flow rate in condenser to adjust the given heat load.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.411-419
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the application possibility of tube type electrolysis module system using recirculation process through removal organic matters and nitrogen in the pigment wastewater. The tube type electrolysis module consisted of a inner rod anode and an outer tube cathode. Material used for anode was titanium electroplated with $RuO_2$. Stainless steel was used for cathode. It was observed that the pollutant removal efficiency was increased according to the decrease of flowrate and increase of current density. When the retention time in tube type electrolysis module system was 180 min, chlorate concentration was 382.4~519.6 mg/L. The chlorate production was one of the major factors in electrochemical oxidation of tube type electrolysis module system using recirculation process used in this research. The pollutant removal efficiencies from the bench scale tube type electrolysis module system using recirculation operated under the electric charge of $4,500C/dm^2$ showed the $COD_{Mn}$ 89.6%, $COD_{Cr}$ 67.8%, T-N 96.8%, and Color 74.2%, respectively and energy consumption was $5.18kWh/m^3$.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.98-107
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• 2005

In other to recycle the waste concrete produced in stiu on the construction and management in highway, the recycled aggregates were experimentally examined in a practical application for anti-freezing layer and lean concrete base course. From the results, the mobile impact crusher and the eccentric-mounted cone and jaw were superior to the others for the graded aggregates. In the case of anti-freezing layer, the recycled one was easily controlled since the dry densities, contrary to natural one, were not largely changed with the moisture contents. It was found that the 7days compressive strengths of lean concrete were above the 10MPa regardless of the crushing types. From the result of testing the bearing capacity of anti-freezing layer, it was found that when the recycled aggregates mixed with natural sand would be within the required gradations, the layer meets the requirements of limitation and the percentage to passing 2-20mm sieve increased by 5~13% because the flimsy mortars on aggregate were re-crushed by vibrated-roller compactor. Although the compressive strength of lean concrete was 71~85% of the natural coarse aggregate, the recycled aggregates are applicable to the lean concrete because they largely exceeded the required strength, 5.8MPa.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.86-86
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• 2004

무단변속기는 속도비를 연속적으로 변화시킬 수 있고, 자동차에 적용할 경우 엔진속도를 차량속도와 독립적으로 제어함으로써 동력성능과 연비성능을 동시에 만족시킬 수 있는 장점을 가지고 있다. 무단변속기는 다양한 종류가 개발되어 사용되고 있으나, 이들 대부분은 자체적으로 중립(geared neutral)을 구현할 수 없거나 효율과 수명 측면에서 기존의 유단변속기(기어 변속기)보다 불리한 단점을 가지고 있다.(중략)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.222-235
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• 2007

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the ${\mu}TBS$ (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted $3^{rd}$ molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE) Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain $1\times1mm$ sticks after 24 hours of storage at $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The ${\mu}TBS$ test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/ Duncan's test at the a < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3 Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/ procedure of adhesive Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.15-16
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• 2013

전기자동차용 급속 충전기에서 전력변환 효율은 절연형 DC-DC 컨버터에 의해 좌우된다. 이때 DC-DC 컨버터의 출력 전압 범위가 넓기 때문에 기존의 3레벨 컨버터를 사용할 경우 충전전압이 낮을 때 순환전류가 커지는 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 넓은 충전전압범위를 갖는 전기자동차용 급속충전기를 위한 3레벨 DC-DC 컨버터의 하이브리드 스위칭 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 하이브리드 스위칭 기법은 충전전압이 낮을 때 순환전류를 줄일 수 있어 주로 낮은 배터리 전압에서 동작하는 CC충전 모드 시 도통 손실을 줄일 수 있다. 또한 커플인덕터를 사용하여 순환전류를 줄이고 Lagging Lag 스위치의 ZCS 턴오프를 성취시켜 손실을 줄일 수 있다. 기존의 스위칭 방법과 하이브리드 스위칭 기법에 따른 손실을 비교하여 제안한 스위칭 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Solar Energy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 1997

Cycle simulaton of the double effect parallel flow model is applied to a Lithium-Bromide/water system, with the objective of evaluation the possibilities of effectively utilizing waste-heat as a secondary heat source for the low-temperature generator. In this study, cycle simulation has been carried out to clarify the effect heat exchange in order to predict the performance of absorption refrigeration cycles using waste heat.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.41-46
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• 2011

In the present work, a new freeze protection method has been proposed for a natural circulation system of solar water heater. Though electrothermal wire is popularly used for the purpose, there are freezing troubles by wire cut-off and excessive electric power consumption. In the experimental device, hot water in a storage tank was circulated by a small pump and used to heat the outdoor pipes if the cold water pipe surface temperature falls lower than a set point. As a result, It was observed that there was no hot water waste while the solar water heating system operated without freeze and burst.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.214-217
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• 2004

본 논문은 제안된 스위치가 하드웨어로 구현된 ATM 셀의 출력포트에 따라 ATM 셀을 정렬하는 프로시져를 수행하도록 순환적 순위 알고리즘이 적용된 단일형태의 버퍼 구조로 물리적인 단일 큐의 시퀀서 갖고 논리적으로 다중 큐의 형태로 구성된 ATM 스위치를 제안한다. 제안된 구조는 물리적으로 단일 버퍼를 갖지만 논리적으로는 순환적으로 순위를 결정하여 출력포트에서의 상충을 최대한 억제하도록 설계된 다중 큐의 기능을 하고 있다. 향후 이러한 형태의 구조는 다양한 구조의 라우팅을 위한 스위치로 응용되고, 시스템 구성의 확장성에 있어서도 큰 장점을 지니고 있어, 전송 효율적인 면에서도 훌륭한 구조로 평가된다.

• Proceeding of EDISON Challenge
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• 2016.03a
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• pp.638-642
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• 2016

현재 양력발생의 원리는 긴 경로 이론과 동시 통과 이론 등으로 알려져 있으며, 이 이론들은 간단히 설명하려는 목적으로 인해 양력발생의 원리가 와전되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 여러 양력발생의 원리 중 Kutta-Joukowski의 이론을 이용하여 순환을 통한 양력발생의 관계에 대해 연구를 수행하였다. 해석 모델은 대칭형 에어포일인 NACA0012를 이용하였다. 해석 프로그램으로는 EDISON을 이용하였으며 시간에 따른 와도를 확인하기 위해 비정상상태 해석을 진행하였다. 그 결과 유동이 시간의 경과에 따라 에어포일 뒷전으로 밀려나면서 Kutta-Joukowski의 이론에 중요한 논점인 출발 와류가 생성됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로 인해 순환이 형성되어 양력이 발생함을 추측할 수 있다. 추가적으로 받음각과 출발 와류 사이의 영향성을 연구하였다. 받음각이 커짐에 따라 출발 와류가 에어포일 뒷전에서 더 크게 발생하였고, 받음각이 낮아질수록 출발 와류의 진행이 가속화됨을 확인할 수 있었다.