• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.469-506
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• 2019

More than a few existing studies on popular narratives that pay attention to 'place' tend to adopt as their theoretical framework the celebrated distinction between space and place. According to this distinction, to put it simply, space is allegedly mobile, whereas place is static. Given this distinction, and in this age of high-mobility, where the spaces of mobilities seem to rapidly and extensively undermine the places of immobilities, would studies on popular narratives focusing on 'place' still remain convincing? Referring to David Seamon's recent book Life Takes Place: Phenomenology, Lifeworlds, and Place Making, this article aims to consider the possibility of studies on popular narratives in the era of high-mobility. To explore the concept of 'place' through phenomenological methodology, Seamon's book uses a theoretical framework called the 'progressive approximation,' which is attentive to synergistic relationality. According to this approach, the place should first be put under scrutiny as a whole, i.e. as the monad of place. Phenomenological studies on the monad of place as a whole identify places as the fundamental condition for human beings. Then, in accordance with the 'progressive' order of research, places are studied as dyads, i.e. as binary oppositions. Through these analyses, movement/rest, insideness/outsideness, the ordinary/the extra-ordinary, the within/the without, homeworld/alienworld are identified as the five dyads of place. To make a detour around these binary oppositions and confrontations, however, phenomenological studies on place now advance to the higher order of six place triads including place interaction, place identity, place release, place realization, place intensification, and place creation, whereby the study of place progressively approaches the 'approximate' essence of place. Reflectively asking himself about the idea of 'place' in the high-mobility era, the author of this informative and insightful book submits an answer that place is still the fundamental sine qua non of human beings. However, this answer is more likely to be bounded by the binary opposition of space/place, and movement/rest accordingly. In this article, I suggest as an alternative and hopefully more promising answer a perspective of transcending this kind of a dead-end dichotomy and of performing 'place-making' through the mobilities themselves, while presenting a noticeable example of the manner in which research on popular narratives could begin from this perspective.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.31
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• pp.21-32
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• 2017

Local festivals form the regional cultures and atmosphere of communication; they increase the demand of domestic tourism businesses and thus, have an important role in ripple effects (e.g. regional image improvement, tourist influx, job creation, regional contents development, and local product sales) and economic revitalization. IoT (Internet of Thing) technologies have been developed especially, beacon-one of the IoT services has been applied as plenty of types and forms both domestically and internationally. However, notwithstanding expansion of current digital mobile technologies, it still remains as difficult for the individual to track the information about all the local festivals and to fulfill the tourists' needs of enjoying festivals given the weak strategic approaches and advertisement activities. Furthermore, current festival-related mobile applications don't function well as delivering information and have numerous contents issues (e.g. ways of information delivery within the festival places, independent application usage for each festival, one time usage due to one time event). This research, based on the background mentioned above, aims to develop the local festival mobile application and data analysis system applying beacon technology. First of all, three algorithms were developed, namely, 'festival crowding algorithm', 'visitor stats algorithm', and 'customized information algorithm', and then beta test was followed with the developed application and data analysis system. As a result, they could form the database of visitors' types and behaviors, and provide functions and services, such as personalized information, waiting time for festival contents, and 'hot place' function. Besides, in Google Play store, they also got the titles given with more than 13,000 downloads within first three months and as the most exposed application related with festivals; and, thus, got credited with their marketability and excellence. This research follows this order: chapter 2 shows the literature review of local festival related with technology development, beacon service, and festival application. In Chapter 3, design plans and conditions are described of developing local festival mobile application and data analysis system with beacon. Chapter 4 evaluates the results of the beta performance test to verify applicability of the developed application and data analysis system, and lastly, chapter 5 explains the conclusion and suggests the future research.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.20
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• pp.455-464
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• 2015

As the recognition toward the Korean design education development to nurture creative talents for the future society has been expanded recently, various supports and promoting strategies are being suggested. This study suggests the orientalism-based new design education platform in design education field to nurture creative talents. To have the competitiveness of creative talent nurturing, the system and education programs to rear creative talents are required. The purpose of this study is to suggest the new platform for the change of direction in design education and search for the methods in detail. The research process can be described as following: First, this study stated about the research background and its boundary. Based on the literature review and the condition of the crisis of Korean design education (Korean Industrial Statistic Investigation), it described the current condition and the characteristics. Second, this study stated about the education which will be disappeared in the information society, the change of direction in design education, and the new platform. In the current study, the change toward the strategies that give priority to the growth strategies on the knowledge-based industry was stated. Third, this study stated about that the future design education should be centered on the orientalism-based creativity in the trend changing to the six conditions for the future talents and the beliefs and values toward Asia, and what methods should be sought to achieve this trend. It suggested focusing on the aim for the direction for College education and its program curriculums as the solutions in detail. Fourth, based on the contents stated earlier in this study, it stated synthetically the direction of practice through the network of the design cluster and derived the implications. In conclusion, based on the recent orientalism-based mind, this study suggested the ways to find the identity of Korean design education itself and have the competitiveness in design education programs. The ways to secure them is to come from the integrated system innovation of the network. By actively applying the design clusters, colleges and universities, designers, studios, government policy organizations, design institutes, corporates, media, and fairs, this study suggests the sustainable education system and the practical methods.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of heavy metals (As, Cr and Pb) on the population growth rate (r) of the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum. The r of the species was determined after 96 h (4 days) exposure to As (0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg L^-1), Cr (0, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25 and 2.50 mg L^-1) and Pb (0, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 mg L^-1). It was observed that r in the control (absence of As, Cr and Pb) were greater than 0.04, however suddenly decreased with increased heavy metal concentrations. As, Cr and Pb reduced r in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction were occurred at concentration of greater than 0.31, 0.31 and 5.00 mg L^-1, respectively. Based on the toxicity, the heavy metal were ranked as Cr>As>Pb, with EC₅₀ (50% effective concentration) values of 0.80, 2.57 and 13.88 mg L^-1, respectively. The lowest-observed-effective-concentration (LOEC) of r in exposed to As, Cr and Pb were 0.63, 0.63 and 10.00 mg L^-1, respectively. Precisely, a concentration of greater than 0.63 mg L^-1 of As, 0.63 mg L^-1 of Cr and 10.00 mg L^-1 of Pb in marine ecosystems induced toxic effect on the r of S. costatum. Based on our results, we suggested that the r of S. costatum might be a useful bio-indicator for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals on the producer in marine ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.80-98
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• 2023

In the late Joseon Dynasty, when the bride would ride a palanquin when she went to live with her in-laws, it was a custom to cover the palanquin with tiger skin to ward off misfortunes that may come her way. The higher classes used tiger skin or leopard skin for this purpose, but the common people had to substitute this expensive item with a tiger pattern painted on a blanket. Such blankets were called hotanja, hogu, hoguyok and the like. The term "hotanja" is a pure Korean word. It is not known when the cover for the bridal palanquin was first used, but it was popular from the end of the 19^th century and then gradually disappeared. This is due to the introduction of new Western style weddings that eliminated the need for a bridal palanquin. The tiger print blanket was used not only to cover the bride's palanquin but also to cover a table or floor during the wedding ceremony. This study ran a material analysis on nine pieces of tiger print blankets. All of the blanket artifacts examined in this study had an outer cover and a lining made of fabric that used cotton thread for the warp and wool thread for the weft. Two kinds of wool were found in the weft thread in the outer covers: fat-tailed sheep hair from China and goat hair for carpets from the Hebei province, China. Records show that "blankets with painted tiger patterns" were imported from Russia, and the imported blankets were from Russia and China. The outer cover can be categorized into six types, and the lining into three types depending on the weave and direction of the thread twist. The hem facing can be divided into four types. The lining and outer cover use the full width of the fabric, which was woven in wide widths of 135 cm or wider. The tiger pattern on the blanket was made by stenciling. The stencil design of the body and tail of the tiger were placed on a red blanket to be painted in white, and then the background color of the tiger, which is yellow, would be painted over the white, and then black stripes would be added. The pattern of the tiger varies, which shows that the blankets were made by various craftspeople. The pattern of the tiger print blanket is usually of a tiger lying down, but there were tiger print blankets with a tiger standing up. The pattern of the tiger grew smaller over time, and flower patterns were added in the background. Decorative elements were gradually added to the tiger print blanket patterns, but its function as a palanquin cover became lost. By taking the features of tiger print blankets into consideration, it can be assumed that there are imported pieces among the remaining pieces, and were produced in various places because it was popular at that time.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.301-310
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• 2023

Ferrihydrite is an iron oxide mineral that is easily found in the natural environment, including acid mine drainage, and has a low crystallinity and high specific surface area, resulting in high reactivity with other ions, and can remove environmentally hazardous substances. However, because ferrihydrite is a metastable mineral, there is a possibility of releasing adsorbed ions by phase transformation to other minerals having low surface area and high crystallinity. In this study, the adsorption characteristics of arsenate, chromate, and selenate on ferrihydrite and the oxyanion removal efficiency of ferrihydrite were studied considering mineral phase transformation. At both pH 4 and 8, the adsorption of oxyanions used in the study were in good agreement with both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models except for selenate at pH 8. Due to the difference in surface charge according to pH, at pH 4 a higher amount of ions were adsorbed than at pH 8. The adsorption amount were in the order of arsenate, chromate, and selenate. These different adsorption models and adsorption amounts were due to different adsorption mechanisms for each oxyanions on the surface of ferrihydrite. These adsorption characteristics were closely related to changes in the mineral phase. At pH 4, a phase transformation to goethite or hematite was observed, but only a phase transformation to hematite was observed at pH 8. Among the oxyanion species on ferrihydrite, arsenate showed the highest adsorption capacity and hardly caused phase transformation during the experimental period after adsorption. Contrary to this, chromate and selenate showed faster mineral phase transformation than arsenate, and selenate had the lowest retardation effect among the three oxyanions. Ferrihydrite can effectively remove arsenate due to its high adsorption capacity and low phase transformation rate. However, the removal efficiency for other two oxyanions were low by the low adsorption amount and additional mineral phase transformation. For chromate, the efficient removal is expected only at low concentrations in low pH environments.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 2023

This article examines the background and meaning of the construction of Josadang Hall in Buseoksa Temple, Yeongju, by Seolsan Cheonhee(1307~1382) in the late 14th century through the characteristics of the hall's mural. Six guardian deities(the Four Heavenly Kings in the center, Indra and Brahma on each side of the kings) are depicted on the southern wall(location of the entrance) of the Josadang, facing the statue of the great monk Uisang(625~702 AD) on the north wall. This mural is the oldest among Korean temple murals and exhibits very unique characteristics. In general, scenes from the scriptures are depicted on the back wall of the central statue. In contrast, the Josadang mural depicts only the guardian deities facing the main statue with no scene description. The appearance of the deities, who seem to protect the main statue of the monk Uisang, and their expressions, as if drawn from relief statues, are not seen in other murals. Nevertheless, it is similar to the stupas of the Seon(Ch. Chan 禪) sect monks established from the late Silla(57 BC~935 AD) through early Goryeo(918~1392 AD), with guardian deities on their surface. The iconography of the deities is a classic form of the late Silla to early Goryeo. The fact that the Josadang was built to commemorate Uisang, who founded the Korean Hwaeom sect(Ch. Huayan sect, 華嚴宗), and that guardians were placed to protect Uisang's statue reveals the concept of worship for the monk who founded the sect. As a result, the reason Cheonhee built the hall can also be understood as an extension of the ideology behind the construction of the stupas of the Seon sect monks. The problem, however, is that Cheonhee is a monk of the Hwaeom sect, and Buseoksa is a representative temple of the Hwaeom sect, not the Seon sect. Therefore, to better understand the background of the hall's construction, this article examined the situation of Goryeo Buddhism in the 14th century as well as the activities of Seolsan Cheonhee. Since Ganhwa Seon(Ch. Kanhua Chan, 看話禪) was dominant in the 14th century, Cheonhee went to study in the Yuan Dynasty(1271~1368 AD) at the age of 58 and was approved by Chinese Ganhwaseon monks before taking the position of Guksa(國師 national monk). However, he was eventually pushed to Buseoksa Temple, where he worked hard to rebuild it. Cheonhee most likely sought to expand the Hwaeom sect, which had been shrinking compared to the Seon sect, by enhancing power with the reconstruction of Buseoksa. The desire that the Hwaeom sect, which was losing its power due to the rise of the Seon sect in the 14th century, attempted to develop it by building Josadang hall, is well revealed by the Josadang murals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the current status and actual use of assessment tools by institutions in the field of occupational therapy with children in Korea. Methods : The study was conducted with 67 occupational therapists working with children in Korea. To investigate the use of evaluation tools by area, knowledge of the evaluation tools, and desire to participate in further education, the questionnaires used in studies by Lee, Hong, and Park (2018) and Kim (2015) were modified and supplemented according to the child evaluation tools currently in usein institutions in Korea. For data collection, we distributed Google questionnaires to child occupational therapists for 3 weeks using convenience sampling. Excel was used to analyze the use of the evaluation tools according to institution. Technical statistics and frequency analyses were used to verify the general characteristics, evaluation-related information, status of evaluation tool use, knowledge levels relating to evaluation tools, and desire to participate in education. A t-test was used for the evaluation tool status. Results : Welfare centers used the most evaluation tools, with an average of 11.1, followed by university hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, clinics, and daycare centers. There were differences in the choice of tools used, hospital with the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test and the Wee-FIM (Functional Independence Measure) being the most frequently applied. Centers, daycare centers, and welfare center the Sensory Profile test and clinical observation were also used often. Regarding the level of knowledge of evaluation tools and the desire to participate further in education, 30 (44.8%) of the respondents had not completed their education, and 42 (62.7%) rated their knowledge level as generally low. When asked about the importance of using a manual to guide them in their use of evaluation tools, 66 (98.6%) answered positively, and 66 (98.6%) answered that they needed specialized training in the use of evaluation tools. Conclusion : This study makes it possible to understand the use and status of evaluation tools as used by different institutions in Korea in the field of child occupational therapy It is anticipated that it will provide the basis for introducing existing evaluation tools and preparing new evaluation tools to be used in this field in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2009

It has been observed that, after long term storage, some ammunitions are misfired by tamping (combustionstopping) due to aging of the chemicals loaded in the ammunitions. Used in ammunitions are percussion powder which provides the initial energy, igniter which ignites the percussion powder, and a delay system that delays the combustion for a period of time. The percussion powder is loaded first, followed by the igniter and then the delay system, and the ammunitions explode by the energy being transferred in the same order. Tamping occurs by combustion-stopping of the igniter or insufficient energy transfer from the igniter to the delay system or the combustion-stopping of the delay system, which are suspected to be caused by low purity of the components, inappropriate mixing ratio, size distribution of particulate components, type of the binder, blending method, hydrolysis by the humidity penetrated during the long term storage, and chemical changes of the components by high temperature. Goal of this study is to find the causes of the combustion-stopping of the igniter and the delay system of the ammunitions after long term storage. In this study, a method was developed for testing of the combustion-stopping, and the size distributions of the particulate components were analyzed with field-flow fractionation (FFF), and then the mechanism of chemical change during long term storage was investigated by thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry), XRD (X-ray diffractometry), and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). For the ignition system, M (metal)-O (oxygen) and M-OH peaks were observed at the oxygen's 1s position in the XPS spectrum. It was also found by XRD that $Fe_3O_4$ was produced. Thus it can be concluded that the combustion-stopping is caused by reduction in energy due to oxidation of the igniter.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.264-276
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• 2023

Purpose: Food environmental factors related to food insecurity affect household food intake in several socio-ecological aspects. This study explores the relationship between food environment factors and food insecurity in households with married immigrant women. Methods: From November 2018 to February 2020, a survey was conducted enrolling 249 married immigrant women residing in the metropolitan areas of South Korea. In the final analysis, 229 subjects were divided into 2 groups classified as food security (n = 154) and food insecurity (n = 75), as assessed by the score of food security. Three aspects of food environments were measured: built·natural, political·economic, and socio-cultural Results: Food environments were significantly different between food security and food insecurity groups, as follows: the number of foods market and their distance from the home and food status for the last week at home in the built·natural domain; monthly cost of food purchase and experience for food assistance in the political·economic domain; total score of social support, parenting, and cooking skills in the socio-cultural domain. A stepwise multivariate linear regression model showed a negative association between the food insecurity score with social support from family and food inventory status in the last week. After adjusting for confounders, a positive association was obtained between the experience of a food support program. The final regression model explains about 30% of the relationship obtained in the three food environment domains and food insecurity (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Not only economic factors, which are common determinants of household food insecurity, but socio-cultural factors such as social support also affect household food insecurity. Therefore, plans for implementing a food assistance program to improve food insecurity for households with immigrant women should consider financial support as well as other comprehensive aspects, including socio-cultural domain such as social support from family and community.