• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.81-98
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• 2004

This study is to conduct the basic study for the achievement and assessment standards for the subject of 'Human Development' and 'Food and Nutrition', which are the curricula of Vocational Home Economics High Schools. These two subjects were newly adopted in the Vocational study Section of the 2005 College Entrance Examinations. In other words, this study is to provide the basic data for implementing the quality education based on the proper assessment of the curricula. For this purpose. this study analyzed the character & objective of 'Human Development' and 'Food and Nutrition'. Secondly. through the theoretical review for the concept & necessity of absolute evaluation standards. this study ensures the concept of achievement and assessment standards. and also designs the developing measures (including procedures). The achievement standards were developed by the following 5 step procedures. (1) Analyzing the objectives & contents of curricula. (2) Designating the development field of achievement standards (3) Developing the achievement standards. (4) The assessment of achievement standards. (5) Confirming the achievement standards. The assessment standards were developed by the following 5 step procedures. (1) Analyzing the achievement standards, (2) Designating the assessment field (3) Developing the assessment standards (4) Evaluating the assessment standards (5) Confirming the assessment standards Thirdly, this study suggested the exemplary achievement standards and assessment standards for the subject of Human Development, Food and Nutrition. Future study needs some critical review for the method of developing achievement and assessment standards for the subject of Human Development, Food and Nutrition. For example. the properness of 'Contents Element' which was designated as the developing field in the achievement standards, the discussion on validity of Contents Element abstract. the base of evaluating classification in terms of low, middle and high level, and other things should be considered through critical discussion. Especially the follow-up study should include the development of various evaluating methods to enable the clear communication for the achievement and assessment standards based on abstract concept and theory, thereby it could enable the actual interpretation and practical use.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-42
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tasks of 'dietary life' in the textbook developed according to the 2015 revised middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 education curriculum based on the multiple intelligence teaching and learning methods. To accomplish this purpose, 12 textbooks of middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 textbooks were titled "Nutrition and Dietary Behavior of Adolescents", "Planning and Choosing Meals", "Choosing Foods and Safe Cooking" except the questions, the tasks that the students can perform are analyzed based on the teaching and learning methods using multiple intelligences. Analysis methods were analyzed by using contents analysis method, focusing on learning activities, and sub-questions of activities were all included in each activity, and the process of preparing activities on a continuous line was grouped into one. Three people analyzed the activities and proceeded to revise and supplement the analysis standard through consultation. The other three researchers confirmed it. As a result of analyzing 12 kinds of textbooks, the number of activity tasks was 25~74 for each kind of textbooks, and the total number of activities was 527. According to the ratio of multiple intelligences, 35% of the tasks were using logical-mathematical intelligence, and 26.8% of linguistic intelligence, 23% of intrapersonal intelligence, 7.2% of interpersonal intelligence, 3.8% of spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic(2.7%) and musical intelligence(1.5%). On the other hand, it was analyzed that there is no activity task using naturalist intelligence. Except to the naturalist intelligence, general intelligence was utilized. This indicates that the home economics curriculum is a convergence of the home economics curriculum in that it is a reorganization by extracting the contents and methods of other curriculum related to dietary life, is interpreted. This study is expected to provide a framework for various teaching and learning methods to activate students' participation classes and to provide an alternative to realize convergence education in home economics curriculum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.247-251
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• 2004

반도체 소자의 제조에 있어 실리콘 표면에 성장한 자연산화막을 제거하기 위해 일반적으로 습식 세정 기술이 이용되어 왔다. 하지만 소자의 최소 선폭(design rule)이 nano급으로 고집적화 됨에 따라 contact hole 바닥의 자연산화막을 깨끗이 제거하는데 있어서 그 한계를 나타나고 있다. 이에 대한 효과적인 대안 공정으로 가스 건식 세정 기술이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 한 번에 50매 이상의 웨이퍼를 처리함으로써 생산성 측면에서 월등한 배치식 설비에서 원거리 플라즈마(remote plasma) 장치에서 2.450Hz의 마이크로웨이브(${\mu}$-wave)에 의해 형성시킨 수소라디칼과 $NF_3$ 가스를 이용하여 실리콘에 결함을 주지 않고 자연산화막을 선택적으로 제거하는 공정에 대해 고찰하였다. AFM을 이용한 표면분석, TEM을 이용한 물성분석, 그리고 ToF-SIMS 및 XPS를 이용한 화학 분석을 습식 및 건식 세정을 비교 평가한 결과, 건식 세정 공정이 실리콘 표면에 결함을 주지 않고 자연산화막을 제거 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 산화막$(SiO_2)$, 질화막$(Si_3N_4)$, 그리고 다결정 실리콘(Poly-Si) 등의 각 막질별 식각 특성을 고찰하였으며, $NH_3$의 캐리어 가스인 $N_2$의 주입량을 조절함으로써 수소라디칼 형성 효율의 개선이 가능하였으며, 이로부터 게이트와 소스/드레인 사이를 절연하기 위해 이용되는 질화막의 식각 선택비를 2배 정도 개선할 수 있었다. nano급 소자에 실장하여 평가한 결과에서 불산(HF)에 의한 습식 세정 방식에 비하여 약 $20{\sim}50%$ 정도의 contact 저항 감소 효과가 있음이 확인되었다.두 소자 모두 $40mA/cm^2$ 에서 이상적인 화이트 발란스와 같은(0.33,0.33)의 색좌표를 보였다.epsilon}_0=1345$의 빼어난 압전 및 유전특성과 $330^{\circ}C$의 높은 $T_c$를 보였고 그 조성의 vibration velocity는 약4.5 m/s로 나타났다.한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 고 자장 영상에서의 rf field 에 의한 SAR 증가는 중요한 제한 요소로 부각되고 있다. 나선주사영상은 SAR 문제가 근원적으로 발생하지 않고, EPI에 비하여 하드웨어 요구 조건이 낮아 고 자장에서의 고속영상방법으로 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 고차 shimming 을 통하여 불균일도를 개선하고, single shot 과 interleaving 을 적용한 multi-shot 나선주사영상 기법으로 $100{\times}100$에서 $256{\times}256$의 고해상도 영상을 얻어 고 자장에서 초고속영상기법으로 다양한 적용 가능성을 보였다. 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유의성이 움직임 보정 전에 비하여 낮음을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 뇌활성화 과제 수행시에 동반되는 피험자의 머리 움직임에 의하여 도파민 유리가 과대평가되었으며 이는 이 연구에서 제안한 영상정합을 이용한 움직임 보정기법에 의해서 개선되었다. 답이 없는 문제, 문제 만들기, 일반화가 가능한 문제 등으로 보고, 수학적 창의성 중 특히 확산적 사고에 초점을 맞추어 개방형 문제가 확

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1618-1628
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• 2013

Relationships between fatty acids and tocopherols in conventional and genetically modified peanut cultivars were studied by gas chromatography with flame ion detector and high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Eight fatty acids and four tocopherol isomers in the sample set were identified and quantified. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are major fatty acids and the ratio of oleic and linoleic acids ranged from 1.11 to 16.26. Tocopherols contents were 6.76 to 12.24 for ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (T), 0.08 to 0.39 for ${\beta}$-T, 5.28 to 15.02 for ${\gamma}$-T, and 0.17 to 1.17 mg/100 g for ${\delta}$-T. Correlation coefficient (r) for fatty acids and tocopherols indicated a strong inverse relationship between oleic & linoleic acids (r=-0.97, P<0.05) and positive relationships between palmitic & linoleic acids (r=0.95, P<0.05) and ${\gamma}$-T & ${\delta}$-T (r=0.83, P<0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) of fatty acids and tocopherols gave four significant principal components (PCs, with eigenvalues>1), which together account for 85.49% of the total variance in the data set with PC1 and PC2 contributing 45.27% and 21.33% of the total variability, respectively. Eigen analysis of the correlation matrix loadings of the four significant PCs revealed that PC1 was mainly contributed by palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and gondoic acids, while PC2 was by behenic acid, ${\beta}$-T, and ${\gamma}$-T. The score plot generated by PC1-PC2 identified sample clusters in the two spatial planes based on the oleic and linoleic acids. The score plot PC3-PC4 didn't separate sample groups.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2009

Recently, the mathematical analysis of stent simulation has been improved, with the help of development of various tool which measure mechanical property and location of stent in artery. The most crucial part of the stent modeling is how to design ideal stent and to evaluate the interaction between stent and artery. While there has been great deal of researches on the evaluation of the expansion, stress distribution, deformation of the stent in terms of the various parameters, few verification through computer simulation has been performed about deformation and stress distribution of the stent. In this study, we have produced the corresponding results between experimental test using Universal Testing Machine and computer simulation for the ideal model of stent. Also, we have analyzed and compared stress distribution of stent in the cases of that with membrane and that without membrane. The results of this study would provide minimum change of plan and good quality for ideal stent replacing damaged artery through the analysis using computer simulation in the early stage of stent design.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2003

Object：This study examined the diagnostic validity of the K-ABC and the K-LDES for identifying the cognitive deficits and the learning difficulty of children with learning disorder and to diagnose the learning disorder. Method：The clinical group consisted of 15 children with learning disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder accompanying learning problem(LP) and 14 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. They were diagnosed either learning disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder based on DSM-IV criteria by child psychiatrists and clinical psychologists visiting Seoul National University Children’s Hospital. The normal group was composed of 15 children be going to an elementary school. All groups were between the age of 7 and 12. The K-ABC was administered to the clinical and the normal group. The K-LDES was also administered to mothers of all groups. Result：There were no significant differences on sequential, simultaneous, mental processing subscales of the K-ABC in three groups. However, The LP group showed slightly lower scores on Achievement scale and significant low scores on Reading/Decoding than the other groups. On K-LDES, LP group showed significant low scores on Listing, Thinking, Reading, Writing, Spelling, Mathematical calculation, Learning quotient(LQ) than the other groups. Also there were significant correlations between K-ABC and K-LDES subscales. Conclusion：The result of present study showed that the K-ABC and the K-LDES are a valid and effective instruments for evaluating and diagnose the learning disorder.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.334-344
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• 1983

This study was conducted to investigate the variables affecting the performance of hammer mills by the theoretical and dimensional analysis, and evaluate the power requirements of hammer mills for farm use in Korea. From the theoretical analysis, 16 variables affecting the performance of hammer mills were defined. In order to develop the mathematical relationships among the variables, the dimensional analysis was made for power requirements and $12{\pi}$ parameters were obtained. For the evaluation of the power requirements of hammer mills, approximate rates of grinding for 1HP, 3HP, 5HP, 6HP, 8HP, and 10HP were analyzed. Then, the fineness of grinding recommendation and average feeding rate of grain for livestock which is native cattle, dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, broilers, and layers, were estimated. Finally number of livestock feeding shelled corn and barley were estimated from the above for one hour's hammer mill operation having the various power requirements. From this study it is known that 5HP is considered as an enough power for feed grinding of any kinds of livestock of Korean farm, as far as the grinding capacity is concerned.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.160-175
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• 1984

This study was carried out to analyze the effects of the revolution and forwarding speed of the rotary blade and the edge curves which were $30^{\circ}$ and $40^{\circ}$, on the power requirement of rotary tillage. In this study, the revolutions of the rotary blade considered were 204, 243, 285, 360 rpm, and the forwarding speeds of the rotary system considered were 29.40cm/sec, 46.93em/sec. The power requirements of rotary blade were measured by a dynamic strain gage systems at the soil bin which was filled with artificial soil. The results of the study were summarized as follows: 1. The response surface analysis showed that the revolution and forwarding speed of the rotary shaft had an interacting influence on the torque requirement of the rotary blade. The mathematical model developed by the above was repersented as follow. $$T=a_0+a_1V+a_2R +a_3VR+a_4VR^2$$ where, $a_0=constant$ $a_1,\;a_2,\;a_3,\;a_4=coefficients$ V=forwarding speed of the rotary system. (em/sec) R=revolution of the rotary shaft. (rpm) T=tilling torque requirement. (kg-m) 2. When the maximum tilling torque requirement was analyzed, ${\partial}T/{\partial}R$ was decreased with the increasing revolution of rotary shaft, while ${\partial}T/{\partial}V$ was increased, which was minimum at 200~220 rpm. When the forwarding speeds were increased, ${\partial}T/{\partial}R$ was decreased with increasing rate. 3. When the mean tilling torque requirement was analyzed, ${\partial}T/{\partial}V$ was constant at 320~360 rpm and ${\partial}T/{\partial}R$ was decreased with increasing rate along with the increasing revolution of rotary shaft. 4. When the mean tilling torgue requirement per unit volume of soil was analyzed, ${\partial}T/{\partial}V$ was minimum at 270~300 rpm. ${\partial}T/{\partial}R$ for the forwarding speeds of 29.40cm/sec and 46.93cm/sec was same as that for 280~290 rpm. 5. Increasing the edge curves of the rotary blades, the tilling torque requirement was increased. But other studies showed that the smaller the edge curve, the more straw could be wrapped on blades which resulted in increasing torque requirements. Therefore, the edge curve of rotary blade should be considered for the future study.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-111
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate practical problem-based Home Economics lesson plans applying to the multiple intelligence teaching learning strategy, focused on the unit 'Nutrition & Meals' of middle school Home Economics subject matter. To achieve this purpose, the lesson plans were developed and evaluated from the 72 middle school students in Chongju after implementing the instruction. The data from the questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 and content analysis. The results were as follows: First, the objectives of practical problem-based 'Nutrition & Meals' Instruction using multiple intelligence teaching strategy were to understand the importance of nutrition and health in an adolescent period and to develop good eating habits. The Practical Problem was 'What should I do for good eating habits?' and the learning contents were healthy life, the kinds and functions of nutriments, food pyramid and a food guide. The learning activities were progressed by various types of teaching and learning methods including 8 types of multiple intelligence teaching strategy. The lesson plans were developed according to the process of practical problem solving model. 6 periods of lesson plans and worksheets were developed. Second, the practical problem-based instruction using multiple intelligence teaching-learning strategy were evaluated to increase students' positive learning attitudes, motivation, and good eating habits.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

This study aims to identify implications for the role of home economics in consumer education in middle schools focusing on building consumer competency. To this end, the content in middle school textbooks of home economics and other subjects, written according to the 2015 revised curriculum, were analyzed. This study examined consumer education content based on the consumer competency measurement index developed by the Korean Consumer Agency, and reviewed different foci presented by subjects. This study also investigated how the knowledge, attitude and practice, which are components of consumer competency, are presented. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows: First, consumer competency content, presented in textbooks of home economics and other subjects, were comprised of citizenship competency(65.3%), transactional competency(27%), and financial competency(7.7%). Second, in terms of content on the consumer's citizenship competency, little attention was paid to consumer rights, revealing an imbalance between responsibilities and rights. Third, despite its importance, the "utilization of information and communications technology" in transaction competency, and "consumer participation" in citizenship competency are insufficiently covered in the home economics. Fourth, social studies was the subject that most extensively covered the content of consumer competency. In terms of scope, home economics dealt with most of the sub-fields. Fifth, even when the same content of consumer competency was covered, it was presented differently by subject. Sixth, there was a lack of connection between components of consumer competency-knowledge, attitude, and practice, with a disproportionately high emphasis on knowledge. In conclusion, this study concluded that consumer education content of middle school subjects is insufficient to enhance consumer competency.