• 한국해양학회지
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 1973

Plankton samples used for the present study were collected by the NORPAC net during the CSK cruises in the Korean waters in March and August, 1967. Regional and seasonal variations in the zooplankton biomass (wet weight, mg/㎥) were noticed in the Korean waters. In March the highest biomass, 130mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea, but the lowest biomass of less than 50mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island Contrally, in August, the average biomass of 120mg/㎥ was measured in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal waters of southern Korea, while the biomass of Japan Sea was the lowest of the regions surveyed. In comparison with the zooplankton biomass, total number of zooplankton per cubic meter of water strained also showed regional and seasonal fluctuations. In general, variations in the number of zooplankton specimens follows the same trend as in the biomass. The largest number, up to 800mg/㎥ on the average, occurred in the southern part of Japan Sea in March and the lowest number, less than 200mg/㎥ occurred in the Yellow Sea and the western sea of Cheju Island. In August, as shown by the biomass fluctuations, the largest number of zooplankton 850mg/㎥ on the average occurred in the Yellow Sea, the western sea of Cheju Island and the coastal region of southern Korea. But the lowest number of less than 500mg/㎥ was found in the Japan Sea. Among the various groups of zooplankton examined, the following were dominant components of the zooplankton population: Copepoda, Chaetognatha, Siphonophora, Euphausiacea, Cladocera, Appendicularia, and Amphipoda. The zooplankton conposition was significantly differed between the Japan Sea and Yellow Sea. Copepods which usually occupied over 66% in the Japan Sea and thd Korean Strait samples occupied only 42% of the catches in August, while cladocerans and chaetognaths were relatively abundant, i. e., 15 and 18% of the total organisms. The most dominant species of copepods and chaetognaths were Paracalanus parvus, Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Calanus helgolandicus, Sagitta enflata, S. bedoti, S. elegans and S. crassa.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2004

The quality and sensory characteristics of kimchi during fermentation at 15 $^{\circ}C$ were evaluated. Kimchi was prepared with Chineses cabbage which was brined in 10% salt water added dill hot-water extracts(DK) and stevia hot-water extracts(SK) respectively. The pHs and reducing sugar contents of kimchi were decreased with increasing the fermentation time whereas lactic acid(%) was increased. The pH of DK was lower than control, and the lactic acid(%) contents of DK, SK were equal or higher than control in the first stage of fermentation. Also, the reducing sugar contents of DK, SK were lower than control. These results showed that the fermentation of DK and SK were faster than that of control in the first stage of fermentation. But the lactic acid(%) contents of DK, SK were higher than control after the 12th day of fermentation. It showed that it is possible to extend the preservation of kimchi. With increasing fermentation time, the L value of kimchi juice was increased, and the a value was decreased, and the b value was constant. Especially, the a value of DK, SK was higher than control. It meant that DK, SK kept more carotenoids in kimchi than control. On the 6th day of fermentation, the sensory evaluation analyzed by ANOVA followed Duncan's multiple range test showed that the levels of the green smell and the moldy flavor of DK were significantly lower than control(p<0.05) and the levels of the green smell, the green flavor and the moldy smell of SK were significantly lower than control(p<0.05), too. And the level of overall flavor of DK, SK was higher than control. The most preference among experimental groups was SK and then control, DK. The levels of TBARS of DK, SK were generally lower than control, and the level of TBARS of DK was lower than SK.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.611-616
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• 2001

The bacteriological and physiochemical analysis of seawater in Tongyeong harbor was conducted to evaluate sanitary conditions, The samples were collected at 6 stations established once a month from January to December, 2000. During the study period, the ranges of temperature, transparency, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, dissolved nitrogen, phosphate and chlorophyll-a were $6.8\sim25.2^{\circ}C,\;1.0\sim2.5\;m,\;1.79\sim2.41\;mg/L,\;5.7\sim10.1\;mg/L,\;6.59\sim10.53{\mu}g-at/L,\;0.56\sim1.01{\mu}g-at/L\;and\;1.21\sim9.54\;mg/m^3$, respectively, The viable cell counts of seawater in Tongyeong harbor ranged from $3.0\times10^4CFU/mL\;to\;6.9\times10^6CFU/mL$. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of the samples were ranged $23\~4,600\;MPN/100\;mL$ (means 540 MPN/100 mL) and $11\~1,600\;MPN/100\;mL$ (means 210 MPN/100 mL), respectively, The coliform group was classified with IMViC reactions and pathogenic vibrios were analyzed. Two hundred eighteen strains that were obtained from seawater samples in Tongyeong harbor represented Escherichia coli group, $66.1\%$; Citrobacter freundii group, $11.0\%$; Enterobacter aerogenes, $9.6\%$; and unknown, $13.3\%$, respectively. During the study period, infectious bacteria such as Vibrio cholerae O1, Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. were not detected from the samples, but detection ratios of V. parahaemolyticus, V cholerae non-O1 and V. vulnificus were $10.0\sim30.1\%$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.621-626
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• 2002

The bacteriological and physicochemical analysis of sea water and sediments in south western part of Jinhae Bay was conducted. The samples were collected from 40 stations, which were established once a month from January to December, 2000. During the study period, the range of temperature was from 5.5 to $23.7^{\circ}C$, the concentration of chemical oxygen demand ranged from 1.20 to 1.55 mg/L, dissolved oxygen ranged from 3.7 to 9.1 mg/L, dissolved inorganic nitrogen ranged from 2.79 to 7.09 $\mu$g-at/L phosphate phosphorus ranged from 0.39 to 0.57 $\mu$g-at/L, and chlorophyll-$\alpha$g-at/L ranged from 4.28 to $9.66 mg/m^{3}$. The chemical oxygen demand, acid volatile sulfide and ignition loss of sediments in south western part of Jinhae Bay ranged from 0.04 to 0.40, from 24.23 to 35.52 mg/L and from 10.49 to $11.09\%$ respectively. The coliform group and fecal coliform MPN's of sea water in south western part of Jinhae Bay ranged from <3.0 to 1,600 MPN/1003nL (means <3.0 MPN/100 mL) and from <3.0 to 93 MPN/100 mL (means <3.0 MPN/ 100 mL), respectively. The coliform group was classified with IMViC reactions were analyzed. Two hundred eighteen strains that were obtained from sea water samples in south westen of Jinhae Bay represented Escherichia coli group, $61.9\%$; Citrobacter freundii group, $12.1\%$; Enterobacter aerogenes, $14.1\%$; and unknown, $11.9\%$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.423-431
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• 2011

The changes of forest degradation in North Korea have closely been related to political, economic and social conditions at all different times. The deforestation by local people for their livelihood has been accelerated when the recession has been worsened due to the 1990's collapse of socialism and the years of natural disasters, and the fall of the centralized and planned economy system. The serious recession in the 1990's has brought many changes in the North Korean society since the 2000's. Not only the underground economy, but also the market in which personal trades are occurred have been expanded as the distribution system of the planned economy system had fallen. In addition, even many state institutions have also increased timber harvest for export to acquire insufficient foreign currency. Eventually, North Korea felt the limits of utilization of forest resources under socialism then started to seek measures to restore devastated forest, while realizing the need of support from the international society. Therefore, some NGOs of South Korea started to give financial support on building tree nurseries in which seedlings for planting are produced to help the rehabilitation of the degraded forests in North Korea. Therefore, Planning of the basic directions for forest rehabilitation programs considering to economic and social conditions of North Korea are needed based on the successful rehabilitation experience of South Korea in the 1970's. First of all, relationships which was built after collapse of centrally planned economy between districts, businesses and workers must be consider to rehabilitate forests in North Korea. Secondly, due to the nature of forest rehabilitation projects this is very needs voluntary participation of resident for a long time, and then forest rehabilitation projects can create jobs for local resident, they can obtain continuous income on the forest rehabilitation projects field in order to promote resident's work in forest rehabilitation projects. Thirdly, the rate dependence on forests of the residents living must keep the level down by rural development projects going side by side with forest rehabilitation projects. Fourthly, use of exsisting forest management system in North Korea is also needed to ensure administrative power and labor for grand scale plantations in a short period of time. Meanwhile after the success of Forest Rehabilitation, it is very important to improve exsisting forest management system.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2019

Today, the Korean wave headed by K-pop is newly named as 'New Korean Wave' in that it has been extended to United States, Europe and Russia. K-POP, the main player of the new Korean wave, has been successful in SNS marketing channels. Furthermore, the content of K-pop has attracted the attention of the global audience. The media and public attention on the Korean Wave is meaningful because it is not merely a cultural export. It also makes Korean people feel national pride, seeing the mental influence of its culture on other regions. Moreover, the development of the cultural industry in our society, which is different from industrial or material development, is a proof that Korean society is at the center of globalization. Until the 20th century, Korean culture had been rather receptive than dominant. In other words, it was focused more on acceptance of other cultures than active creation or outflow of its own. Now, however, K-POP is not anymore copying Western culture. It is creating its own unique characters, which makes K-pop very competitive. Korean culture has been formed for a long time in Korea's unique historical background. Korean popular culture also has to establish a solid foothold in world markets through its distinctive and traditional feature. The positive consumer response to Korean pop culture will create the added value of Korean contents and their derivatives, which will heighten Korea's national image also. In other words, if traditional art and K-POP are converged and equipped with our own unique and highly artistic culture, they will take the lead in the global cultural art market. In this study, we will recognize the possibility, growth and development of K-pop culture and analyze the cases of combining K-pop and Korean traditional art. First, we have to blend traditional art and other various genres to create diverse contents, and we have to actively utilize media channels. Second, we must improve people's awareness of the copyrights of traditional art. Also, we have to mitigate the copyrights of creative dance to expand the disclosure of contents which can be utilized. Third, we have to learn about traditional arts from younger age. Fourth, we will expand traditional arts to the whole of Korean cultural policies, which can enhance the nation's cultural value and create economic benefits. These four are expected to be effective ways to preserve the identity of traditional art and at the same time, globalize Korean culture.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2024

'Miha' is a new strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivar, which was released by the Highland Agriculture Research Institute in 2019. The 'Miha' cultivar originates from a 2014 cross between 'Monterey' and 'Saebong No. 3', both of which exhibited excellent ever-bearing characteristics, including continuous flowering and large fruits under long-day and high temperature conditions. This new cultivar was initially named 'Saebong No. 12' after examining its characteristics and productivity during summer cultivation between 2015 and 2019. After regional adaptability tests, 'Miha' was selected from 'Saebong No. 12' as an elite cultivar. The general characteristics of 'Miha' include intermediate, elliptic leaves, and strong growth. The fruits are conical and of a dark-red color. The number of leaves of 'Miha' was 21.9, which was 6.2 fewer than that of the control cultivar, 'Goha' with 28.1. The number of flower clusters of 'Miha' was similar to that of 'Goha'. The average fruit weight of 'Miha' was 13.4 g, which was 4.3 g heavier than that of 'Goha'. The fruit hardness of 'Miha' was 36.2 g·mm^-2, which was 10.1 g·mm^-2 harder than that of 'Goha'. The marketable yield of 'Miha' was 37,393 kg·ha^-1, 156% more than that of 'Goha' with 23,970 kg·ha^-1. Therefore, the new cultivar of ever-bearing strawberry 'Miha' is expected to be very popular in the export or bakery market because it is hard.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.876-885
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• 2017

This study aimed to identify the characteristics of Home Meal Replacement (HMR) product purchases and the need for HMR product development for Hong Kong consumers in order to suggest market segmentation strategies according to consumers' dietary lifestyle. For this, an online survey was conducted on a panel of 521 Hong Kong consumers with HMR purchase experience registered at a specialized organization. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (ver. 23.0). HMR purchase characteristics of Hong Kong consumers according to dietary lifestyle showed significant differences in all items, including 'number of purchases', 'purchase location', 'cost of single purchase', and 'reason for purchase'. According to dietary lifestyle, participants were divided into three clusters: 'High interest', 'normal interest', and 'low interest'. In the case of 'high interest in dietary life group', 'low-sodium food' was the most common, followed by 'heating food', 'low sugar food', and 'low calorie food'. In the case of 'moderate interest in dietary life group', 'low-sodium food' was the most common, followed by 'low sugar food', 'low calorie food', and 'nutritious meal'. In the case of 'low interest in dietary life group', 'low sugar food' was the most common, followed by 'low-sodium food', 'various new menu', and 'easy-to-carry dehydrated food'. For the 'high interest' group, the highest proportion of consumers were male in between the ages of 20 to 29, married, and worked in an office job. The 'high interest' consumers also showed a tendency to pay '15,000 to 20,000 KRW' per single purchase. The 'normal interest' group consisted of an even proportion of male and female consumers, with the most common age range being from 30 to 39 years, and most were married. These consumers preferred to spend 'less than 10,000 KRW' or '10,000 KRW to 15,000 KRW' per single purchase, which is in the lower price range for HMR purchases. The 'low interest in dietary life group' had more females gender-wise, were unmarried, and worked in an office job, For a single purchase, the 'low interest' group chose to pay less than 10,000 KRW, which is relatively lower than the other two clusters. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for building marketing strategies for HMR product development. It can also provide basic data and directions for new HMR export products that reflect consumer needs in order to create a market segmentation strategy for industrial applications.