• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• 제96권6호
• /
• pp.644-651
• /
• 2007

This study compared and estimated the changes in carbon stocks and emissions of harvested wood products (HWP) by applying FAO statistics and domestic statistics for Korean HWP production, import, and export volume, which is almost always supposed to be included in the carbon emissions and removals inventory by country in negotiations since the 2nd commitment period (2013~2017) of the Kyoto Protocol, for assessing the changes in carbon stocks and emissions of HWP. As a result, when applying FAO statistics to the changes in carbon stocks of HWP as of 2005, stock-change approach (SCA) was estimated at 1.434 Tg C, atmospheric-flow approach (AFA) -1.330 Tg C, and production approach (PA) 0.597 Tg C. When applying Korean statistics, SCA was estimated at 1.246 Tg C, AFA -11.520 Tg C, and PA 0.444 Tg C. When applying FAO statistics to $CO_2$ emissions and removals from HWP, SCA showed a decrease of $-5,258Gg\;CO_2$ (removals), AFA showed an increase of $4,877Gg\;CO_2$ (emissions), and PA showed a decrease of $-2,189Gg\;CO_2$ (removals). When applying Korean statistics, SCA showed a decrease of $-4,569Gg\;CO_2$ (removals), AFA showed an increase of $5,573Gg\;CO_2$ (emissions), and PA showed a decrease of $-1,628Gg\;CO_2$, (removals). Therefore, the application of FAO statistics was shown to be more beneficial for the estimation of both the changes in carbon stocks and emissions of HWP by all methods other than that of Korean statistics.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국공간정보시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 2005

정보 사회가 발전하고 정보의 활용이 늘어남에 따라 공간 데이타가 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 그리고, 공간 데이타가 널리 활용됨에 따라 ESRI와 같은 다양한 지리 정보 시스템(Geography Information System)이 발전하게 되었다. 그러나, 기존의 지리 정보 시스템은 다양한 분야에서의 활용을 위해 많은 기능을 제공함으로 인해 일반적으로 대용량 공간 데이타에 대한 검색이 비효율적이다. 특히, 네트워크 환경이 발전하고 컴퓨팅 파워가 증가함에 따라 점차 대용량의 지도 서비스를 제공하는 분야에서 기존의 지리 정보 시스템 적용 시공간 데이타 검색 속도가 저하되는 문제가 발생한다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 안정적인 상용 DBMS인 Oracle을 기반으로 대용량 공간 데이터를 효율적으로 검색할 수 있는 Oracle 기반의 대용량 지도 서비스를 위한 XServer를 설계 및 개발하였다. XServer는 다양한 클라이언트의 질의를 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 질의 처리 관리자, 대용량의 공간 데이타를 빠르게 검색하기 위한 공간 인덱스 관리자 및 데이타 버퍼 관리자, 대용량의 공간 데이타를 안정적으로 저장하기 위해서 Shape 화일에서 추출한 공간 데이타를 Oracle에 저장 및 관리하기 위한 수입/수출 관리자와 DB 관리자로 구성되어있다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서 개발한 Oracle 기반의 대용량 지도 서비스를 위한 XServer와 Oracle Spatial을 비교함으로써 기능을 검증하고 성능의 우수함을 입증하였다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.47-69
• /
• 1990

Using an aggregator model, we look into the possibilities for substitution between Korea's exports, imports, domestic sales and domestic inputs (particularly labor), and substitution between disaggregated export and import components. Our approach heavily draws on an economy-wide GNP function that is similar to Samuelson's, modeling trade functions as derived from an integrated production system. Under the condition of homotheticity and weak separability, the GNP function would facilitate consistent aggregation that retains certain properties of the production structure. It would also be useful for a two-stage optimization process that enables us to obtain not only the net output price elasticities of the first-level aggregator functions, but also those of the second-level individual components of exports and imports. For the implementation of the model, we apply the Symmetric Generalized McFadden (SGM) function developed by Diewert and Wales to both stages of estimation. The first stage of the estimation procedure is to estimate the unit quantity equations of the second-level exports and imports that comprise four components each. The parameter estimates obtained in the first stage are utilized in the derivation of instrumental variables for the aggregate export and import prices being employed in the upper model. In the second stage, the net output supply equations derived from the GNP function are used in the estimation of the price elasticities of the first-level variables: exports, imports, domestic sales and labor. With these estimates in hand, we can come up with various elasticities of both the net output supply functions and the individual components of exports and imports. At the aggregate level (first-level), exports appear to be substitutable with domestic sales, while labor is complementary with imports. An increase in the price of exports would reduce the amount of the domestic sales supply, and a decrease in the wage rate would boost the demand for imports. On the other hand, labor and imports are complementary with exports and domestic sales in the input-output structure. At the disaggregate level (second-level), the price elasticities of the export and import components obtained indicate that both substitution and complement possibilities exist between them. Although these elasticities are interesting in their own right, they would be more usefully applied as inputs to the computational general equilibrium model.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2020

The acreage of tangerines in the U.S. sharply rose from 19,000 ha in 2009 to 27,000 ha in 2016, an increase of 42% in 7 years. Considering the recent surge in tangerine exports to Japan, the export volume of 6-7 thousand tons is highly likely to increase in the future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the economic impact of U.S. tangerine imports on the Korean citrus industry under various scenarios. In order to examine the possibility of imports of U.S. tangerines, the unit price of U.S. exports to Japan was used since U.S. tangerines are not imported to South Korea. Citrus fruits are divided into field citrus, house citrus, and late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus) based on the cultivation method and variety used to analyze. Considering both the field and house seasons, the import volume of U.S. tangerines can be expected to rise from roughly 4,700 tons in 2021 to 10,000 tons in 2027. Imports of U.S. tangerines may be pushed up or delayed depending not only on the harvest method and quality of domestic field and house citrus but also on the harvest of U.S. tangerines. However, it is necessary to note that tangerines could be imported after 2021, when the tariff rate on U.S. tangerines will fall below 50%.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2022

Flammulina velutipes, known as winter mushroom in the family of Physalacriaceae, is the main edible and export mushroom with the third highest production after oyster and king oyster mushroom in Korea. However, as normal consumers regard F. velutipes as a simple subsidiary material, there is a limitation to increasing mushroom demand. In order to overcome the consumption limit and increase the differentiation of new varieties, it is necessary to breed varieties with enhanced functionality in consideration of consumer preferences. Therefore, the study was performed to analyze nutrient components and several useful functional substances with 26 genetic resources of F. velutipes. Analyses of inorganic compound(Ca, K, Mg) and 15 amino acids revealed that Strain 4148 had the highest content among the 26 strains. Beta-glucan, which increases immune activity and polyphenol, which exert antioxidant effects were higher in non-white strains than in white strains with a small number of exceptions. Among the five fatty acids, linoleic acid(an omega-6 fatty acid) and α-linolenic acid(an omega-3 fatty acid), were detected in six mushroom strains. α-linolenic acid, which was not found in five major mushrooms including oyster mushrooms, was identified in F. velutipes. The results of HPLC analysis showed that 'Auram' (Strain 4232) and 'Baekseung'(Strain 4230) had the highest content of the stabilizing neurotransmitter GABA(15.38 ㎍/ml and 20.56 ㎍/ml, respectively) among non-white and white strains, respectively. Our findings provide useful information for breeding F. velutipes to obtain strains with enhanced functionality.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.406-420
• /
• 2009

European economic integration and geographical enlargement brought change in the intra-european trade flow and a trade structure. The first, an european enlargement contributes to the increase in intra-european trade, but its effect relatively becomes smaller successive enlargement. The second, the intra-industry trade increases in the intra-european trade according as an european economic integration and enlargement make possible the economy of scale. In the intra-industry trade, the horizontal intra-industry trade decreases and the vertical intra-industry trade increases. The third, the Western Europe's trade is generally an intra-industry trade, the trade of Southern Europe, Central and Eastern Europe is an inter-industry trade. But the South Europe's trade and Central and Eastern Europe's trade change from the inter-industry trade to the intra-industry trade.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.426-426
• /
• 2017

국가간 지역간 물의 이동을 개념화하여 물 부족 현상을 정치경제학적 관점에서 접근하려는 가상수(virtual water) 연구가 국제적으로 진행되고 있다. 가상수를 양적 측면에서 산정하여 정확한 물 수지를 파악하면 수자원에 대한 국가의 계획과 전략 수립에 매우 유리한 여건이 조성된다. 우리나라의 국가계획인 수자원장기종합계획은 국가 간의 물 이동을 고려하지 않고 국내에서 발생하는 용수의 수요와 공급 측면만을 산정하고 있다. 그러나 현재에도 국내에서 소비하는 농산물과 축산물의 상당량은 수입에 의존하고 있으며, 향후 국제교역과 FTA의 확대 등으로 그 의존도는 더욱 증대될 것으로 추산된다. 따라서 국가 간 물 이동에 대한 양적 규모를 파악하여 국가전략을 수립하는 기초자료로 활용하기 위한 연구가 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산업연관분석법을 활용하여 국내 산업별(제조업, 서비스업) 가상수를 산정하여 국가 수자원계획 수립에 필요한 기초자료로서 제공하고자 한다. 산업연관분석(Inter-industry analysis)은 산업연관표를 바탕으로 산업 간의 상호 연관관계를 수량적으로 파악하는 방법이다. 이를 가상수 산정에 활용하여 직접수와 간접수를 포함한 물의 전체 사용량을 산정할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 각 산업의 용수량을 총 생산량으로 나누어 물 강도($m^3$/원)를 계산하고, 생산유발계수와 최종수요를 곱하는 방식으로 산업별 가상수량을 산정하였다. 산업별 가상수 산정 결과는 경제총조사의 용수비와 산업연관표의 생산유발계수를 적용하였으며, 제2차 산업인 제조업 분야의 연간 가상수량은 60.4억 $m^3$, 제3차 산업인 서비스 분야의 가상수량은 연간 43.1억 $m^3$으로 분석하였다. 또한 향후 10년의 OECD 기술수준 제품군별 무역수지 전망을 고려한 결과, 기술수준 중 및 고 기술제품의 가상수 수출량이 2020년에는 2010년에 비해 약 3배 증가하는 것으로 산정하였다. 이와 같은 방법으로 산정된 산업별 가상수는 각 산업의 물 사용량을 추정하고 산업 전반의 수자원 활용도를 파악하는데 이용 가능하다. 더불어 국제 환경 및 기후변화가 반영된 가상수 시나리오 연구를 통해 장래 용수 수요변화예측 등 효과적인 물 관리 정책 수립에 기여할 수 있다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• 제46권4호
• /
• pp.291-300
• /
• 2013

The potential mineral resources in North Korea are magnesite, limestone, coal, graphite, iron, gold, silver, lead, and zinc. North Korea is mainly exporting coal and iron to China(70%) and EU countries. Gold ore reserves(or resources) in North Korea are about 2,000 tons and annual production is 2 tons based on metal. Major gold mines are Sooan, Holdong, and Daeyoodong mines and six smelters are operating. Fe ore reserves (or resources) are 4.3 billion tons and annual production is about 5 million tons based on 63.5% Fe. Major iron mines are Moosan, Leewon, Eunryul, Shinwon, and Jaeryong and 7 smelters are operating. Pb and Zn ore reserves(or resources) are Pb 470,000 tons and Zn 15 million tons, and annual productions are about Pb 26,000 tons and Zn 50,000 tons based on metal respectively. Major Pb-Zn mines are Gumdock and Seongcheon mines. Magnesite ore reserves(or resources) are 2.8 billion tons (95% MgO) and annual production is about 150,000 tons. Major magnesite mines are Ryongyang, Daeheung Youth and Ssangryong mines, and 5 magnesium refractory factories are operating. Apatite ore reserves(or resources) are 340 million tons(30% $P_2O_5$) and annual production is about 300,000 tons(crude ore). Major apatite mines are Daedaeri, Dongam and Poongnyen mines. Coal is established as an important strategic fuel mineral resources and is a major energy source in North Korea. Coal ore reserves(or resources) are 18.6 billion tons and annual production is about 20 million tons. The main coal fields is located in southern Pyongan and the Jigdong mine is the biggest in North Korea.

• 동물약계
• /
• 35호
• /
• pp.2-2
• /
• 1996

[ $\cdot$ ]동물약사감시 결과 행정처분 내역 $\cdot$동물용의약품등 제조업 허가사항 변경 $\cdot$동물용의료용구 제조업 신규 허가 $\cdot$통합공고중 '동물용의약품 관련내용' 책자 배부 $\cdot$제3차 수출촉진 협의회 개최 $\cdot$97년도 동물약품 제조용 유당 사용 예정량 조사 $\cdot$제4차 협회 이사회 개최 $\cdot$협회 인사 동정 $\cdot$동물약품 생산(수입)$\cdot$판매실적 작성 및 실적보고 전화선을 통한 파일 전송 프로그램 무료 배부

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bio-Environment Control Conference
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 및 정기총회
• /
• pp.146-149
• /
• 2006