• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.592-602
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• 2020

This study examined the contribution of the risk factors that cause cardiovascular disease in Koreans. The subjects were 20,012 adults aged 30~74 years who were enrolled from the 2005~2013 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, had filled the risk factors data, and had no cardiovascular disease history. Data analysis was conducted using SAS 9.3, and a weighted composite sample design analysis was performed. The contribution was obtained by applying a squared semi-partial correlation. As a result, they were higher in the order of age (63.9%), smoking (17.3%), systolic blood pressure (7.9%), diabetes (6.9%), antihypertensive medication use (3.0%), and BMI (0.9%) in men. In women, the contributions were in the order of age (54.1%), systolic blood pressure (23.5%), diabetes (13.6%), antihypertensive medication use (5.1%), smoking (3.1%), and BMI (0.6%%). According to age bracket analysis, smoking (51.8~33.7%) was the biggest risk factor, followed in order by age (26.6%) in their 30s and systolic blood pressure (17.3~21.0%) in those older than 40 years in men. In women, the systolic blood pressure (56.2~40.5%) was the main contributor to the risk factors, followed by age (24.0%) in their 30s and diabetes (13.6~32.6%) in those older than 40 years. The contribution of the income level was similar. Therefore, to prevent cardiovascular disease, various programs that reflect the contributions of the risk factors should be developed. Moreover, it is recommended to use the results shown in this study as basic data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.140-148
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute aerobic exercise at different intensities on the blood pressure, blood lipids and fibrinolytic markers in pre-hypertension college-aged males. Six subjects performed an acute running exercise at three different intensities(low intensity(LI): 50-60% heart rate reserve(HRR), moderate intensity(MI): 60-70%HRR, and high intensity(HI): 70-80%HRR). The blood pressure(systolic(SBP) and diastolic blood pressure(DBP), blood lipids(total cholesterol(TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)) and fibrinolytic markers(tissue plasminogen activator(tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1)) were determined before(PRE), immediately after(POST) and 60minutes after the exercise(60 POST). Results: the SBP in the LI group was significantly increased at POST(p=0.013). The ES levels for the SBP in the MI and HI groups were reduced (-1.33 and -1.23, respectively), though the differences were not significant. The HDL in the MI(p=0.003) and HI(p=0.002) groups were significantly increased at 60 POST. Also, the tPA in the MI(p=0.021) and HI(p=0.042) groups were significantly increased at POST.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2008

Purpose : Obesity in children and adolescence is highly correlated with adult obesity, which can provoke hypertension. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the blood pressure of obese children regularly. In this study, the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in obese children and adolescents were evaluated. Methods : ABPM was conducted for selected patients who visited Handong University Sunlin Hospital from Feb. 1, 2006 to Dec. 1, 2007. The patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1 was normal, group 2 had normal casual blood pressure and a body mass index over the 95th percentile, and group 3 had high casual blood pressure over 120/80 mm Hg and a body mass index over the 95th percentile. Systolic and diastolic 24-hour blood pressure was measured, including both day and night. Results : There were 49 patients in the study. The results showed a significant difference for average systolic blood pressure between the three groups ($105.1{\pm}4.7$, $111.0{\pm}7.1$, $117.8{\pm}6.6mmHg$, P<0.001), but for average diastolic blood pressure only between groups 1 and 3 ($69.1{\pm}5.3$, $77.9{\pm}6.3mmHg$, P=0.001). In the daytime, only groups 1 and 3 showed a statistically significant difference for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. During the night the systolic pressure of group 3 was significantly higher than the other groups, but the diastolic pressure of group 3 was only higher than that group 1. No statistical difference was found in night dips among the groups. Conclusion : Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents showed statistically higher blood pressure in obese patients with high casual blood pressure.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.30 no.4 s.59
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• pp.729-740
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• 1997

To determine the relationship between hypertension and nutrient intake cross-sectional study were performed in a rural area. Adult resident over 30-year-old age were measured blood pressure and body mass index(BMI), and interviewed about food in-take for the previous 24 hours. 250 men and 297 women participated the survey. Significant correlation was showen in men between mean systolic blood pressure and protein density. Significant correlation with mean diastolic blood pressure was showen on protein density, protein energy(%), calcium density and energy-adjusted protein in men. We analysed risk factor for hypertension adjust the effect of age, BMI, sex and family history by multiple logistic regression. Protein density(odds ratio=3.18), fat density(odds ratio=1.94) and energy-adjusted protein(odds ratio=1.01) intake were positively associated with hypertension but sodium density(odds ratio=0.73) was showen to have inverse relationship.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 1987

ABSTRACT - To examine antihypertensive components of Ganoderma lucidum in Korea, two kinds of fruiting bodies (J and K) were used for extraction with water and the extracts were purified by ethanol precipitation and dialysis. Three fractions, i.e., the aqueous total extract(A), the ethanol supernatant(B} and the purified precipitate(C), were compared for antihypertensive activity in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SUR). Although fractions A and B showed the activity, fraction C did not. Particularly, fraction B of sample K produced 44.3% reduction in diastolic blood pressure and 30.6% reduction in heart rate after i.v. administration of a dose of 10 mg/kg. Direct effects of this fraction B to the heart were observed in the isolated blood perfused heart preparation of the dog. It induced positive chronotropic and inotropic responses dose-dependently in the case of sample J. In the case of sample K, marked chronotropic and inotropic effects on atrial muscle but not on ventricular muscle were induced. In both samples, coronary blood flow (CBF) was dose-relatedly increased.reased.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2019

Hypertension is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. In advanced countries, more than 30% of adults have hypertension. Among the genetic factors affecting hypertension, there are reports from European cohort studies that variants of the MACROD2 gene are correlated with blood pressure and the hypertension status. In this study, genetic polymorphisms of the MACROD2 gene region were selected and extracted based on Korean Genome and Epidemiology data, and logistic regression analysis was then performed for the hypertensive state. Linear regression analysis was also performed for the systolic and diastolic blood pressure. As a result, 16 SNPs showed a statistically significant association with a hypertensive state, and 2 SNPs (rs16996211, rs6034240) showed statistical significance, even in blood pressure. The most significant rs16996211 had a relative risk of hypertension of 0.85 (CI: 0.76~0.95, $P=3.1{\times}10^{-3}$), as well as an association with the systolic blood pressure (beta=-0.75, P=0.024) and diastolic blood pressure (beta=-0.59, P=0.01). These results suggest that polymorphisms of the MACROD2 gene are associated with hypertension in both Caucasians and Koreans, and highlight the potential genetic correlations with the pathogenesis of hypertension.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.170-177
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• 1996

신체의 활력을 측정하는 혈압은 다른 어느 측정치보다 변동이 심하고 정상적으로 변할 수 있는 생리적 현상이어서 정확하게 측정하기란 쉽지 않다. 1mmHg 차이의 혈압일지라도, 특히 큰 집단일 경우, 연구목적에서 그 결과를 크게 왜곡 시킬 수 있다. (Wright & dore, 1970). 혈압 측정에는 직접적 방법과 간접적 방법이 있다. 이 중 간접적 방법은 임상분야와 연구분야에서 실제로 넓게 사용되고 있을 분만 아니라 신체로의 직접적 침투하는 방법도 아니고 가격 또한 비싸지 않다. 그러나, 간접적 측정 방법은 혈압에 영향을 끼치는 많은 요인들인 관찰자 편견, 확장기음의 청취음 선택, 관찰자와 환자 사이의 상호관계 때문에 방법론적으로 문제제기가 되기도 한다. 이런 요인을 최소화하기 위하여 가장 타당도가 높은 측정도구의 선택이 필요하다. 도시지역의(Ease Baltimore) 고혈압을 가진 젊은 흑인 남성(연령별/성별/종속별/거주지역) 중 수축기 혈압이 140mmHg 이고 확장기 혈압이 90mmHg인 사람, 또는 확장기 혈압이 90mmHg인 사람, 또는 혈압하강제를 먹고 있는 사람 200명을 대상으로 훈련받은 community health worker(CHW)에 의해 Random-Zero Sphygmdmanometer(RZS)와 Digit Automatic Device(DAD)로 혈압을 측정하게 하였다. 이 중 36명을 무작위 추출하여 regular Mercury Sphygmdmanometer (RMS)로 혈압을 측정하게 했다. Bland 와 Altman에 의해 제기된 두측정값의 차이에 대한 scattergram(일치도 검증법)과 AAMI(Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrument) 기준, BHS 기준, Central Tendency와 숫자선호도로 검증되었다. AAMI와 BHS 기준에 의하면 확장기 혈압에서 RZS와 DAD의 일치도와 평균을 중심으로 더 넓게 퍼져있어 낮은 일치도를 보였으며 또 DAD와 RMS의 혈압치는 숫자 선호도를 볼 수 있는데 특히 RMS는 더 뚜렷하게 나타났는데 확장기 혈압의 최빈치(30.6)는 100mmHg이었다. 혈압치들이 가장 가까이 "0"점으로 치우쳐져 있었다. RZS의 Central tendency는 DAD와 RMS보다 뚜렷하였다. 결론적으로 RZS는 이 연구목적으로 가장 적절함을 보여준다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-261
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea (OSAH). Patients were classified into four groups based on their severity of polysomnographic data: the snoring group (n=108)-characterized by Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI<5); the mild OSA group (n=186)-AHI $5{\leq}AHI$<15; the moderate OSA group (n=179)- AHI $15{\leq}AHI$<30; and the severe OSA group (n=233)-$AHI{\geq}30$. On the same night of polysomnography (PSG), BP levels were measured before sleeping (bedtime BP) and immediately after waking up on the following morning (morning BP). EDS was recognized as ESS (epworth sleepiness scale)${\geq}9$. The differences and correlations between BP and PSG parameters in the EDS and non-EDS groups of OSAH patients were analyzed. MAP was positively correlated with BMI, AHI, and total arousal (r=0.099, r=0.142, r=0.135, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01), while negatively correlated with mean $SaO_2$ (r=-0.258, p<0.01). The EDS group had overall younger population ($47.2{\pm}11.3$ vs $50.3{\pm}11.4$, p=0.023), higher DBP (both bedtime and morning, $83.1{\pm}9.7$ vs $81.4{\pm}8.8$ and $86.4{\pm}9.2$ vs $83.6{\pm}9.7$)(p=0.031, p=0.047), and higher SBP (both bedtime and morning, $126.7{\pm}11.2$ vs $123.4{\pm}12.4$, $128.9{\pm}12.4$ vs $125.3{\pm}12.9$)(p=0.021, p=0.021) than compared with the non-EDS group. In hypertensive OSAH patients, patients with EDS were also younger and had higher total arousal number, as well as higher morning and bedtime DBP and SBP than compared with the non-EDS group (p<0.005, p=0.008, p<0.001 and p<0.001). EDS in OSAHS patients is a special phenotype characterized by younger age, higher DBP, more severe desaturation, and hypertension.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1175-1184
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of 12-weeks finswimming exercise on electroencephalogram(EEG), SBP, DBP, and RHR in male adolescents. Eighteen male adolescents participated in this study. They were separated into a Control group(CG; n=9) and Finswimming training group(FG; n=9). FG participated in Finswimming training for 12weeks, 60 minutes per day, 3 times a week. All data of electroencephalogram were analyzed by repeated measures two-way ANOVA and Data of SBP, DBP and RHR were analyzed by ANCOVA and Paired t-test. As a result, Alpha and SMR waves were significantly increased in FG; however, Alpha wave was significantly decreased in CG and Theta wave was significantly decreased in FG. There were significant interaction in Alpha, Theta, and SMR waves. SBP, DBP, and RHR were significantly decreased in FG and there were significant differences of RHR and SBP between groups; otherwise, there were no significant differences of DBP between groups. The results of this study showed that 12 weeks of Finswimming training positively effects on electroencephalogram(EEG), SBP, DBP, and RHR in male adolescents.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-54
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• 1995

척추마취는 국소마취제를 지주막하강에 주입하여 척수신경 전근과 후근을 차단하는 방법으로 하복부나 하지 수술 뿐 아니라 만성 통증과 암성 통증의 치료에도 이용되고 있는데 마취시간이나 제통시간의 연장 및 적절한 피부분절의 마취나 진통의 달성은 척추마취에서 중요한 사항이다. 본 연구에서는 morphine정주가 척추마취에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아보기 위해 척추마취하에서 하지 수술을 받은 40명의 환자를 대상으로 척추마취를 시행한 80분에 척추마취 레벨, 수축기 및 이완기 혈압, 맥박 그리고 호흡수를 조사한후 morphine 10 mg을 정맥내로 주사후 20분후에 척추마취 레벨과 혈압, 맥박, 호흡수를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 척추마취 레벨은 morphine 투여진 $T_{7.5{\pm}0.32}$에 비해 morphine 투여 20분후에 $T_{6.0{\pm}0.31}$로 의의있게 상승하였다 (p<0.005). 2) 수축기 및 이완기 혈압과 맥박수는 morphine투여전과 투여후에 의의있는 변화가 없었다. 3) 호흡수는 morphine 투여전에 비해 투여후 감소가 있었다(p<0.005). 이상의 결과로 척추마취하에서 수술을 시행할 때나 통증치료시 전신적으로 morphne을 투여하여 마취와 진통부위를 넓일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.