• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to systematically review sex differences in episodic memory. Methods : We searched previous studies published in all electronic databases between 2010 and 2019. The key terms used in the search were 'sex differences' or 'gender differences' and 'episodic memory' or 'autobiographical memory'. 8 studies were finally extracted for analysis. Results : The 8 studies had evidence levels of II (67.5%) and III (37.5%), which are quite high. Healthy younger adults or healthy adults were recruited to examine sex differences in episodic memory. Assessment methods for episodic memory were mainly divided into cognitive tasks or standardized tests using visual or auditory stimuli. Subjects were instructed to memorize the stimuli and asked to recall them after some time. Overall females outperformed male. In particular, there were significant sex differences in verbal episodic memory. In contrast, there was no significant sex difference in visual episodic memory. Conclusion : To identify sex differences in episodic memory, a variety of test methods were used in various ways. Overall, females showed higher episodic memory than males. These findings suggest a need for cognitive intervention considering sex differences in the clinic. In the future, episodic memory tests with high ecological validity should be conducted to investigate sex differences in episodic memory.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.229-252
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• 2013

In this study, WSS developmental checklist and nursery maladaptive test were conducted and applied to 203 multicultural children and non-multicultural children. The children were 3-5years old and were attending 34 kindergartens located in Gimpo-si and Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do to investigate the developmental level and status of adaptation to the nursery in multicultural children. The result shows that there is no difference in the development of scientific thinking and mathematical thinking while developmental level is lower in personality, sociality, language, reading and writing area in multicultural children compared to non-multicultural children. According to age, there is no difference in the development between 4~5-year-old multicultural children and non-multicultural children while there is a difference in the development between 3-year-old multicultural and non-multicultural children. It also shows that there are no significant differences in nursery adaptation between multicultural children and non-multicultural children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.146.1-146
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• 2003

연근의 박피에 따른 감모율은 10%를 넘지 않는 낮은 수준으로 우엉과 마찬가지로 brushing에 의한 박피가 가장 효과적이어서 감모율이 5.1% 수준으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 박피 처리후의 수분함량 변화도 근채류 전용박피기가 89.24∼87.27% 수준으로 차이가 가장 적게 나타났으며 박피 처리후의 갈변도도 0.02∼0.09 수준이었다. pH 변화도 근채류 전용 박피기에서 6.0∼6.5 수준이었으나 그 밖의 처리구에서는 거의 변화가 없었다. 한편, 마에 있어 박피 감모율은 우엉 및 연근과 비슷한 경향을 보여 brushing 처리에 있어 3.28% 수준, 근채류 전용박피기에서도 5.23%로 낮은 감모율을 나타내었다. 또한, 수작업에 의한 박피 시료는 brushing과 근채류 전용 박피기로 처리한 시료와 비교하여도 처리후의 수분함량 변화, 갈변정도, pH변화 등의 품질적으로 크게 차이가 없었으나 감모율은 9％ 수준으로 높게 나타났다. 그리고 실험에 사용한 6가지 근채류 중에서 화학적 박피가 가장 효과적인 품목으로 가열 온도 및 시간의 영향을 크게 받지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.407-412
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• 2006

기업이 추구하는 경쟁우위요소에 따라 추구하는 경쟁전략유형을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 또한 경쟁전략유형에 따른 경영품질 수준의 차이도 분석하였다. 그리고 추구하는 경쟁우위요소와 추구하는 경쟁전략유형이 적절히 조화를 갖춤이 경영품질 수준에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 분석하였다. 분석의 결과는 본원적 경쟁전략의 이론이 우리나라 기업에서도 그대로 적용됨을 확인하였으며, 경쟁전략의 유형에 따라 경영품질 수준에도 차이가 있음을 확인하였으며, 경쟁전략의 적합성이 맞은 기업의 경영품질 수준이 그렇지 않은 기업의 경영품질 수준보다 높음을 확인하였다. 따라서 기업은 추구하는 경쟁전략요소에 적절한 경쟁전략유형을 선택하여 추구함으로서 경영품질 수준을 향상시키고, 보다 나은 경영성과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-201
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• 2013

This study aimed to investigate the differential effects of individual's cultural disposition (individualism-collectivism or horizontal-vertical thinking) and need for cognitive closure(NFC) on framing effects. For this purpose, the participants were divided into 4 different cultural disposition groups based on Singelis et al.'s[1] INDCOL scale, and 2 different NFC groups based on Lee's[2] NFC Scale, and then asked to respond on 5 decision making scenarios. The results can be summarized as followings. First, participants preferred risk-avoidant option in gain frame, whereas risk-seeking option in loss frame. Second, there are no difference of cultural disposition on framing effects, but high NFC group showed larger framing effects than low NFC group in loss frame. Third, collectivism and vertical thinking in high NFC condition showed larger framing effects than low NFC condition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 1982

The average weight of larvae, the percentage of survival larvae and the percentage of moth emergence in first and second generation of striped rice borer showed lower values in Akibare(Japonica variety) compared with those in Milyang 23 (Indica variety). At higher nitrogen level the larvae weight in second generation of striped borer was increased. The percentage of survival larvae in second generation was gradually decreased by applying the silicate fertilizer in both cultivars. The moth emergences in both generations of striped rice borer were also lower at high levels of silicate fertilizer. The percentage of white head of rice plant was reduced by the application of silicate fertilizer. The ratio of SiO$_2$ to T-N of the rice stem was related negatively with the percentage of survival larvae and the moth emergence in second generation of striped rice borer, and also with the percentage of white head of rice plant.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare participants' perceived emotion following harmonic changes in music. In this study, 144 participants, aged 19 to 29 years, listened to music online that included low to high harmonic progression in tonal music (major-minor). After listening to each piece of music, participants were asked to rate 4 items using a 7-point Likert scale: emotional potency, arousal, degree to which the harmony impacted the listener's emotions, and listener's preference for the music. There were significant differences between each of the four items upon the level of harmonic progression. When the participants were divided into two groups (i.e., those with a background in music and those with no background in music), there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of emotional potency, but there was no significant interaction effect. This study confirmed that various emotional responses in listeners can be induced by controlling the exogenous variables in musical excerpts. Based on this, it is expected that the harmonic progression level can be provided to the client to be used as an effective therapeutic tool in music therapy intervention.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1995

본연구의 목적은 아동의 환경의식과 처분행동을 조사하여 환경문제에 대한 아동의 역할을 조명하고 조기환경교육의 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다 조사도구는 질문지를 이용하 였고 분석방법은 SAS통계프로그램을 이용하였다 환경의시과 처분행동의 차이는 ANOVA와 Tukey test를 지역간(도시, 농촌)의 차이는 t-test 와 $\chi$2 검정을 사용하였다 분석에 이용된 자료는 도시 311부 농촌 299부로 총 610부였다 본연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다 1) 도시와 농촌간의 환경의식은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없이 모두 높게 나타났다 2) 인구통 계변수에 따른 환경의식은 생활수준과어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 높았으며 주거형태별로 는 아파트 거주자가 높게 나타났다 3) 도시와 농촌간의 처분행동은 유의적인 차이를 보였는 데 도시 지역이 높게 나타났다 4) 인구통계변수에 따른 처분행동은 환경의식과 마찬가지로 소득과 어머니의 교육수준이 높을수록 높았으며 아파트 거주자와 종교가 있느 아동이 높게 나타났다 이러한 결과는 환경을 고려하는 행동양식의선행변수가 교육임을 재확인해주었다

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2012.07a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2012

이 연구에서는 학습전략 게임 활용 학습에서 자기조절학습능력의 효과를 분석하였다. 그리고 학습전략 게임 활용 학습이 학습자의 학습전략 수준에 따라 자기조절학습능력 신장에 주는 효과성을 검증하여 효과적인 게임 활용 학습 환경 설계에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 연구대상으로서 103명의 초등학생에게 학습전략의 수준을 측정하고 4주간 10차시에 걸쳐 학습전략 게임 활용학습을 실시한 후 자기조절학습능력의 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 학습전략 게임 활용 학습은 실험집단과 통제집단의 자기조절학습능력에 있어서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 특히 인지조절, 동기조절에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 학습전략 게임 활용 학습은 학습전략 수준별 상, 중, 하 집단의 자기조절학습능력의 향상 차원에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 특히 중 집단에서 유의한 차이가 있었다.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.238-250
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze foodservice and culinary arts majors' career preparation behavior by grade and career decision-making self-efficacy levels. Toward this end, 250 students majoring in foodservice and culinary arts were selected as a sample from three universities located in Chungcheong province. A total of 217 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed after excluding 33 copies. The results of this study are as follows. First, upper-grade students were more actively engaged in career exploration, information collection, experiencing behavior, and career preparation behavior than lower-grade students. Second, the level of career preparation behavior of the group with higher career decision-making self-efficacy was higher than the other with lower career decision-making self-efficacy. Third, the interactive effects of career decision-making self-efficacy and grade on career preparation behavior proved to be statistically insignificant Thus, career decision self-efficacy should be improved and the foundation of structured career education should be established according to grade.