• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

This study was conducted for the purpose of examining stable disposal of foodwaste and possibility of multilateral use of its by-product by mixing earthworm powder and by-product generated from food waste disposal for making feed for sea fish. As a result of the study, content of crude protein (25.93%, 69.72%), crude lipid (16.91%,6.39%) crude ash (15.38%, 5.30%) in by-product of food waste and earthworm powder was higher than that in fish meals manufactured in the country, and it was judged that it is available to make good feed as a source of fatty acid as it contained C18:1n9c, 1n9t and c16:0. As for stability as a raw material for feed, it was shown that the stability was high when using the product as a raw material for feed not exceeding the standard of test items, and though change of content and ingredients to mixing ratio, it was shown that mixed specimen of fertilizer (S6) was higher, showing that it has great utilization in the future. Also, as it has more content of registered ingredients than any other raw materials for feed manufactured in the country, it is possible to be used as a substitute when manufacturing feed for sea fish. Therefore, it is judged that various studies such as economic analysis and technology of possible manufacturing will be needed in the future.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.15-22
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• 2019

Coal combustion products are generated during coal combustion and can be grouped into fly ash and bottom ash depending on collection methods. Fly ash and bottom ash can be recycled for various purposes based on their characteristics. Australia is the fourth largest coal production country in the world and reuses coal ash as cement, concrete, mine filler, and agricultural soil amendment. When fly ash is used as a supplement for cement and concrete, strength of the cement and the durability of the concrete can be improved. Use of coal combustion product for mine backfill stabilizes underground mine voids and stores a large amount of coal ash in the voids. Because of alkalinity of coal combustion products, it can neutralize acid mine drainage when used for mine backfill. In addition, it can be used as an agricultural soil amendment to improve acidity and physical properties of the soil and to supply plant nutrients. Recycling of fly ash in Australia will be further expanded because of its low trace element contents that can be toxic to plants and low radioactive element contents existing within soil background concentrations. The characteristics of coal combustion products are related to the characteristics of the coal used for combustion, and since Korea imports coal from Australia, Korean coal combustion products also can be recycled for various purposes.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.153-170
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• 2019

With the breathtaking stride beingmade in the field of biotechnology, biocatalyst research using genetically modified microorganism (GMM) is actively being pursued in food industry. However, domestic food and food additive regulation standards and the number of examination management examples currently used in industry is lacking significantly. Up till now, there are only 6 examples of domestic GMM examination and approval cases for food production purposes and furthermore they are limited to the production of functional sweeteners. Domestically, although GMM is developed as a processing aid (contained use), if they are used in the production of food, the safety of GMM, including environmental safety, is evaluated. Also the produced food or food additives using GMM need to be separately examined and approved as a novel food. On the other hand, imported products produced using GMM need to gain approval for the final product only. Thus the expense and the time to obtain regulatory approval is advantageous for imported products versus domestically produced products. This commentary is written to create the opportunity to reform the current domestic food GMM regulation by comparing and discussing domestic and foreign case analyses of safety evaluation of GMM and related regulations.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate state-anxiety, dyadic adjustment and pregnancy stress in pregnant women and to identify factors influencing pregnancy stress. Data were collected 158 pregnant women. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise regression analysis. There was statistically significant difference in state-anxiety on variable such as age. There were statistically significant difference in dyadic adjustment on variables such as education, religion, income. There was not statistically significant difference in pregnancy stress on variables. Pregnancy stress was positively correlated with state-anxiety. Pregnancy stress was negatively correlated with dyadic adjustment. State-anxiety was negatively correlated with dyadic adjustment. Factor influencing pregnancy stress was state-anxiety, which explained 25.1%. Findings provide useful information for further studies in pregnancy stress of pregnant women. Therefore, to reduce pregnancy stress of pregnant women, it is necessary to standardized nursing intervention program.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.373-394
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• 2020

The strengthening of multilateral international sanctions against North Korea has raised questions as to how effective they are in exerting pressure on the country's economy. In this paper, we address this question by examining their impact on the country's integration into regional and global apparel production networks. North Korea has in the past decade become an increasingly competitive exporter of apparel on the basis of consignment-based processing arrangements. Official trade data shows a sharp drop in North Korean exports of clothing since the sectoral ban in 2017. There is evidence to suggest, however, that exports have continued on a more informal and clandestine basis. North Korea's integration into apparel production networks has also taken the form of the dispatch of workers to factories in China's northeastern border regions. Yet there is evidence that the recent sanctions imposed on such practices has similarly led to illicit practices such as working on visitors' visas, often with the help of Chinese enterprises and local government. The resilience of North Korea's integration into apparel production networks follows a capitalist logic and is result of the highly profitable nature of apparel production for all actors concerned and a correspondingly strong desire to evade sanctions. As such, the analysis contributes to the literature on sanctions that suggests that the measures may contribute to emergence of growing informal and illicit practices and to the role of the clandestine economy.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.235-240
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• 2022

This study aimed to replace the imported Chinese complete medium for Lentinula edodes with a newly-developed complete medium that is suitable for export as well. Three media compositions that supported fast mycelium growth and higher density, compared to that in the control, were chosen. Culture in the T13 medium reduced the incubation period for 'Nongjingo' by 12 days and for 'Cham-aram' by 10 days, compared to that required for the control; in addition, the number of days required for browning was greatly reduced for both varieties. The quantity of each mixed medium was increased according to the composition from the 1^st to the 5^th cycle by 5.9% for 'Nongjingo' and 12.6% for 'Cham-aram' in T13, compared to that in the control. A mixed medium comprising oak sawdust + Douglas fir sawdust + corn flour (40:40:20, v/v) was selected as the most suitable complete medium.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.383-393
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• 1991

Lodging of rice plant is the most important damage by unfavourable weather conditions in rice cultivation. High levels of nitrogen application and growing of Japonica rice variety is one factor to increase the lodging damage. Lodging of rice plant decreasing grain yield; 34% at milky. 21% at dough. 20% at yellow stage. decreasing grain Quality. increasing green rice. and increasing labor cost to harvest. To decrease lodging damage. the lodging resistant varieties will be selected and cultural practices such as amount and time of nitrogen application. planting density. water management. and disease and pest control methods have to be study for the short and strong culm. and good rooting system. Also. application methods such amount and time of plant growth regulators and new types of chemicals will be develop for the reducing lodging of rice plant. To decrease the lodging damage in direct seeding cultivation. first identifying the differences of lodging mechanisms between hand transplanting and direct seeding, second establish the suitable direct seeding methods such as seedling establishement. fertilization. and water menagement.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.19
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• pp.281-315
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• 2009

Korean traditional music has been a process art which has been changed and re-created by musicians to mirror the musical aesthetics of contemporary people. Form court music, which has tried to keep the "authentic" form as much as possible, to folk music, which is closely associated to the people's life style, traditional music has expressed the life of the Korean people. From the early 20th century, traditional music faced a totally new music culture due to the Japanese annexation and rapid westernization. A new music network was established by modern theater and broadcast system. Many gayageum (12-stringed zither) masters were able to develop their own music in this new music culture. Female musicians came to exist because of a new music education system, called gwonbeon (school for female entertainers). Due to the rapid westernization, traditional music was becoming 'extinct'. The government's new system of Intangible Cultural Heritage tried to preserve traditional culture. Traditional music came to revive but became fossilized in order to preserve the 'archetype'. The so-called Living Human Treasures took power and became a social problem. The modern school education system was one of major factors for promotion of traditional music. However, it became one of main reasons for musicians to lose their musical creativity. Today, many performers and composers try to make a new composition and renovated musical instruments to suit the contemporary musical aesthetics.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.464-475
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• 2023

In this study, based on an analysis of two DNA barcode markers (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and cytochrome b genes), we performed species identification and monitored labeling compliance for 50 commercial pufferfish products sold in on-line markets in Korea. Using these barcode sequences as a query for species identification and phylogenetic analysis, we screened the GenBank database. A total of seven pufferfish species (Takifugu chinensis, T. pseudommus, T. xanthopterus, T. alboplumbeus, T. porphyreus, T. vermicularis, and Lagocephalus cheesemanii) were identified and we detected 35 products (70%) that were non-compliant with the corresponding label information. Moreover, the labels on 12 commercial products contained only the general common name (i.e., pufferfish), although not the scientific or Korean names for the 21 edible pufferfish species. Furthermore, the proportion of mislabeled highly processed products (n = 9, 81.8%) was higher than that of simply processed products (n = 26, 66.7%). With respect to the country of origin, the percentage of mislabeled Chinese products (n = 8, 80%) was higher than that of Korean products (n = 26, 66.7%). In addition, the market and dialect names of different pufferfish species were labeled only as Jolbok or Milbok, whereas two non-edible pufferfish species (T. vermicularis and T. pseudommus) were used in six commercial pufferfish products described as JolboK and Gumbok on their labels, which could be attributable to the complex classification system used for pufferfish. These monitoring results highlight the necessity to develop genetic methods that can be used to identify the 21 edible pufferfish species, as well as the need for regulatory monitoring of commercial pufferfish products.

• Proceedings of the Korean Aquaculture Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2003

우리나라는 해방 후 어려웠던 경제난국에서 벗어나 산업발전기에 접어들면서 수산물보다는 식탁에서 육류의 섭취가 상대적으로 많이 증가되었다. 그러나 최근에 들어와서는 외식산업의 현저한 발달과 더불어 즉석편리식품이나 육류의 소비가 증가함에 따라 비만, 동맥경화 및 영양의 과잉공급에 따른 각종 성인병이 만연하고 있는 실정이단, 이러한 시점에 수산물이 가지고 있는 건강기능성이나 생리효과가 식품관련 연구자들에 의해 밝혀지면서 생선회가 건강지향성과 기호성이라는 측면에서 두 가지 조건 모두를 만족시키는 식품으로 자리잡아 외식산업의 한 축을 이루어 생선회의 소비는 급증하고 있으나, 자연산 활어는 남획에 따른 자원고갈 및 어장축소 등 여러 가지 이유로 현재 유통되고 있는 생선회의 90% 이상은 양식산 활어이며, 양식 활어의 생산량 또한 1980년대 후반에 비하여 10배 이상 증가되어 있을 뿐만 아니라 가까운 중국이나 일본 등지에서 생선회로 먹기 위하여 많은 량의 활어가 수입되고 있는 실정이다 이렇게 생산된 활어는 활어시장에서 활어의 품질에 관계없이 중량을 기준으로 거래되고 있어 여러 가지 문제를 야기시킬 수 있다. 그러므로, 활어 품질판정 기술의 개발은 우리나라 양식업의 대외경쟁력을 갖추게 할 뿐만 아니라 어민소득을 향상시킬 수 있다. 또한 활어의 유통 질서를 갖추기 위해서 양식활어 근육의 품질을 정확하고도 신속하게 판정할 수 있는 기술을 개발하고자 하였다. 그러므로, 육질의 판정을 위한 기초자료로써 사육수조에서 운동여부와 운동횟수에 의한 양식 활어의 품질을 비교 검토하였다. 운동사육구(2회/1일, 0.5m/s)와 비운동사육구의 초기수분함량은 각각 73.44±0.87%, 72.88±0.25%의 함량이였다. 운동사육시간이 길어질수록 운동사육구에서는 수분함량이 운동5일째에는 73.56±0.22%였으며, 운동 20일에는 75.88±0.94%로 초기수분함량보다는 3%정도 증가하였다. 반면, 비운동사육구에서는 큰 변화를 나타내고 있지 않았다(p<0.05). 운동과 비운동시킨 참돔의 지질 함량의 변화는 운동시킨 참돔은 운동으로 인한 에너지 소비로 인하여 함량이 유의적으로 감소했으며(r=-0.35), 비운동사육구에서는 절식으로 인하여 지질함량이 감소하였다(r=-0.38). 파괴강도와 가장 밀접한 영향을 가지는 콜라겐은 운동과 비운동 모두 사육기간동안 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 초기의 파괴강도값은 1.45±0.02kg(운동사육구), 1.36±0.18kg(비운동사육구)이였으며 사육기간동안 운동사육구는 파괴강도값이 증가한 반면, 비운동수조에서는 참돔의 파괴강도는 사육기간동안 큰 유의차가 없었다. 각 성분간의 상관도를 살펴보면, 수분함량과 파괴강도는 상관성을 가졌으며, 지질함량과 파괴강도도 같은 경향은 나타내었다. 운동기간동안의 파괴강도와 콜라겐 사이에는 상관성의 거의 없었다. 이는 운동기간에 따른 파괴강도의 증가가 콜라겐의 함량의 증가보다는 지질함량의 감소와 수분함량의 증가와 같은 성분과의 상관성이 크다고 판단된다. 다음으로는, 운동횟수에 의한 영향으로써 운동시간을 1일 6시간으로 설정하여, 운동횟수를 결정하기 위하여 오전, 오후에 각 3시간씩 운동시키는 방법과 오전부터 6시간동안 운동시키는 두 방법을 이용하여 품질을 비교하였다. 각 조건에 따라 운동시킨 참돔의 수분함량을 나타낸 것으로, 2회(오전 3시간, 오후 3시간)에 나누어서 운동시키기 위한 육의 수분함량은 73.37±2.02%를 나타냈으며, 1회(6시간 운동)운동시키기 위한 육은 71.74±1.66%을 나타내었다. 각각의 운동조건에서 양식된 참돔은 사육초기에는 큰 변화가 없었으나, 사육 5일 이후에는 수분함량이 증가하여 15일에는 76.40±0.14, 75.62±0.98%의 수분함량을 2회와 1회 운동시킨 참돔의 육에서 각각 나타났다. 운동횟수에 따른 지질함량은 2회 운동시킨 참돔은 5.83±2.08, 1회 운동시킨 참돔은 6.72±1.84%을 나타났으며, 사육기간이 증가할수록 함량은 감소하였다. 하루 1회운동시킨 참돔은 지질 함량의 감소율이 2회 운동시킨 참돔보다는 작았지만, 1회 운동시킨 참돔과 마찬가지로 운동기간동안 지질은 감소하였다. 운동횟수와 상관없이 운동기간동안 콜라겐의 함량은 큰 증가를 보이지 않았다. 파괴강도값은 운동횟수가 많을수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 운동시킨 참돔은 운동횟수에 상관없이 지질 함량이 감소할수록 파괴강도값이 증가하였으며, 운동횟수가 하루 2회인 참돔에서는 지질함량과 파괴강도값이 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 있다(p<0.05, r=0.866(2회/1일). 운동기간과 파괴강도의 값, 운동기간과 수분함량, 운동기간과 지질함량간의 상관성은 운동횟수에 상관없이 높은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한, 콜라겐함량은 운동기간과 상관관계 없이 상관성이 낮았다. 그러므로, 본 실험의 목적인 양식산 활어의 품질판정을 하기 위한 요인으로 동일 어종에는 콜라겐보다는 파괴강도, 수분함량 및 지질함량과의 관계를 상관성을 가지므로, 양식 활어의 품질판정 요인으로 선정하였다.