• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.702-709
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• 2014

Luffa cylindrica Roem (sponge gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has been cultivated as an ornamental plant in Korea. Recently, its cultivation area has been increased with an increase in demand for it as an ingredient in cosmetics, herbal medicines, and health supplements. We analyzed inorganic components of sap collected from land race sponge gourds. We also measured antioxidant enzyme activities and antimicrobial activities of the plant, seed, and sap to examine functional properties of sponge gourd. The sap of the sponge gourd contained high levels of K, Ca, P, and Mg, with the most abundant mineral in the sap being K ($470mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The amounts of Ca and Mg were 2 and 1.7 times more than those found in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase was more active than catalase and superoxide dismutase in various plant parts of sponge gourd. Antioxidant activities were much lower in stems than in other plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sap. In addition, sap showed a very low level of antimicrobial activity against two food-borne pathogens, Vibrio parahaemdyticus and Propionibacterium acne, and none against the other eight tested food-borne pathogens. Antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, which causes dermatitis, appeared to be higher in sap than in other parts of sponge gourd plants. Overall, the antimicrobial activity against Malassezia furfur appeared to be higher than against Candida albicans.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2005

Purpose : The pathologic mechanisms of central nervous system(CNS) injuries in human meningitis are not yet completely understood. Recent studies indicate that the host inflammatory responses are as important in brain damage as the infecting organisms and toxins. There have been some reports on the relationship of nitric oxide(NO), macrophage inflammatory protein-$1{\alpha}$(MIP-$1{\alpha}$), and lactoferrin in bacterial meningitis, but few reports in aseptic meningitis. Thus, we investigated the concentrations of NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ and lactoferrin in cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) and serum of patients with aseptic meningitis and control subjects and evaluated their relationship with other parameters of meningitis. Methods : CSF and blood were obtained from 25 subjects with aseptic meningitis and 15 control subjects. After centrifugation, supernatants were stored at $-70^{\circ}C$ and we assayed the concentrations of NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ and lactoferrin with the ELISA method. There were no patients with neurologic sequelae after being recovered from aseptic meningitis. Results : Concentrations of CSF and serum NO, MIP-$1{\alpha}$ were not increased in aseptic meningitis subjects compared to control subjects. Concentration of CSF lactoferrin was significantly elevated in patients with aseptic meningitis and concentration of serum lactoferrin was significantly decreased in patients with aseptic meningitis compared with those in control subjects(P<0.05). CSF lactoferrin level was positively correlated with CSF WBC counts($r_s=0.449$, P=0.007), especially with neutrophil counts($r_s=0.574$, P<0.001) and CSF protein level($r_s=0.508$, P=0.002). Conclusion : Lactoferrin plays an important role in aseptic meningitis and may be released from neutrophils recruited from blood to the CSF through breakdown of blood-brain barrier. NO and MIP-$1{\alpha}$ may not be important factors in the pathogenesis of aseptic meningitis without neurologic sequelae.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.206-216
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the sap flow and composition by tapping date in Acer akamotoanum from an artificial forest in the City of Jinju. The sap was collected from five saplings (diameter at breast height10-20 cm) in two phases with an interval of a month. During phase 1 (January 10, 2019 - February 9, 2019) with daily mean temperature of 1.16±2.15℃, 60.59 liters of sap was collected over 32 days. Phase 2 (February 12, 2019 - February 22, 2019) with daily mean temperature of 2.55±1.30℃ yielded 13.38 liters of sap over 11 days, which was a reduction to 22% of the total sap flow in phase 1. The analysis of sugar composition in the collected sap from phase 1 and 2 showed that sucrose concentration was 2.5% at its highest during the earlier days of collection and decreased to 0.8% at the end. Glucose and fructose concentrations were measured near 0, and were lower than sucrose concentration. The most prominent inorganic elements in the collected sap were potassium (41.69 - 89.75 mg/kg), calcium (24.66 - 48.14 mg/kg) and magnesium (10.18 - 27.25 mg/kg). The contents of sucrose and inorganic components between the samples collected from phase 1 and 2 did not show significant differences. The sap flow amounts of A. okamotoanum from different tapping periods showed a notable variation, but there were no significant differences in the contents of sugar or inorganic elements.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.3 s.30
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• pp.17-26
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• 2005

음양오행설시한의학적기본원리(陰陽五行說是韓醫學的基本原理). 오행포괄목(五行包括木), 화(火), 토(土), 금(金), 수(水), 기상호간구유상생여상극적관계(其相互間具有相生與相克的關係), 인기유불급이보지(因其有不及而補之), 태과이억지적작용(太過而抑之的作用), 고상능유지평형(故常能維持平衡), 인체의차원리(人體依此原理), 역능불급이보지(亦能不及而補之), 태과이억지(太過而抑之). 재차문중주요연구(在此文中主要硏究), 화과성시유수래억제이조절평형적원리(火過盛時由水來抑制而調節平衡的原理). 오행중수배속어신(五行中水配屬於腎), 신주전신지수액(腎主全身之水液). 이신지수액(而腎之水液), 우분화위오종부동형태적오액(又分化爲五種不同形態的五液), 분별배속어오장(分別配屬於五臟). 인차(因此), 연구신수분화위부동형태지오액적과정화분별배속어오장적원리(硏究腎水分化爲不同形態之五液的過程和分別配屬於五臟的原理), 기능설명해제인체중과성적열이유지평형적도리(旣能說明解除人體中過盛的熱而維持平衡的道理).

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2018

This study numerically investigated statistic and dynamic behaviors of the water droplet on plate with or without various structured-pillars at nano-scale by molecular dynamics simulation. This study considered smooth plate, plate with the rectangular-structured pillar, and the plate with dual-structured pillar under various characteristic energy conditions. The static behavior of water droplet depending on the plate shape, plate surface energy, and the pillar characteristics were examined. After the water droplet reaches its steady state, this study investigated the dynamic behavior of the water droplet by applying a constant force. Finally, this study investigated the static and dynamic behaviors of the water droplet by measuring its contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. As a result, we found that the structure was more hydrophobic.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.461-467
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• 1992

Although intravenous fat emulsions are well accepted as a consituent of a total parenteral nutrition regimen it is still controversial how much it can be used and who to use it in consideration of physical situation of useres. In this study the effect of two marketed lipid formulas on serum lipids change was investigated. Each lipid formula was injected to twelve normal adult volunteers and a set of blood samples was drawn at 5 minute interval during the experiment. Changes of triglycerides. free fatty acids free glycerol total cholesterol and phospolipids in the serum wre determined. To calculate serum lipids clearance the phar-macokinetics of serum triglyceride fractional removal rate(k) and half-life time(t/2) were calculated using intravenous fat tolerance-test(IVFTT) None of the parameters determined in this experiment was statistically different between two marketed formulas. In summary the bolus injection of the lipid formulas did not produce any adverse effects and their elimination kinetics from the blood stream were similar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

Closing processes of taping holes and diameter growth of taped trees of Acer mono were investigated to understand the effects of sap taping and number of tapping holes on tree growth and closing speed of holes. Closing processes of tapping holes were faster at trees taped of ten holes than trees tapped of one, three, five holes during the study period, and tapped holes were completely filed up within 15 months. Diameter growth by number of tapped hole were 0.54 mm for control trees, 0.60 mm for trees taped of one hole, 0.64 mm for trees taped of three holes, 0.33 mm for tapped of five holes and 0.31 mm for trees taped of ten holes, respectively. Closing processes of tapping holes by fusion materials was fast in the order of DB ointment, stirofoam, control and bamboo vinegar. Especially, tapped holes in the case of DB ointment was completely healed within 4 months. Therefore, DB ointment should be used to minimize damage on tree growth and secure resources for sap collection of A. mono.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.9-18
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• 1968

Morphological studios on the mouth parts of some aphids belonging to 5 sub-families and on the penetration of stylets into their host plants were carried out in order to find out possible relationship between mouth parts and capability of virus transmission. 1. There were no differences between the aphid species in general morphology of mouth parts. 2. Mouth parts could be observed in detail especially in Toxoptera citricidus and Chaitophorus chinensis. 3. Accessory salivary gland was larger than principal salivary gland in Toxoptera citricidus. 4. In 4 species, e. g. Chaitophorus chinensis, Myzus persicae, Aphis craccivora, Toxoptem citricidus, the stylets were usually inserted in plant tissues intercellularly and reached phloem, however, in Lachnus tropicalis only intracellularly and in Eriosoma clemalis more frequently intracellularly. 5. The stylets tracks of Eriosoma clemalis, Lachnus tropicalis and Myzus persicae were clearly visible but not in Toxoptera citricidus, Chaitophorus chinensis and Aphis craccivora. The tracks were stained with yellowish brown or red brown. 6. Saliva was seceted between the cell walls in most species and some substances in saliva seem to cause loosend cell walls. 7. The penetration of the stylets might cause physiological disturbance to host plants and could make the host plants susceptible to the plant diseases.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.165-170
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• 2020

In this study, after applying VR 360-degree video contents for intravenous infusion education, basic data on whether VR 360-degree video can be applied as educational content in the future is prepared by grasping the empathy and flow of nursing students in graduating grades. The VR 360 degree intravenous infusion educational content was developed in four-step process of planning, production, modification and completion. The design of this study was descriptive research, and the study period was from November 9 to November 22, 2019. The subjects of this study were 4th grade nursing students at a university, totaling 64 students. Nursing students watched VR 360 degree intravenous infusion educational content using HMD(head mounted display) under the safety management of the researcher. As a result of the study, the empathy of nursing students was 5.32±0.88 points and the flow was 6.02±0.84 points out of 7-point scale. The VR 360 degree intravenous infusion educational content developed in this study can be used as an educational medium in subjects and comparative departments, and it is necessary to specifically develop and verify teaching and learning methods in future studies.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.413-416
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• 2009

The sap of the white birch is one of the most widely used herbal medicines to treat gastrointestinal tract, jaundice, and various periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of white birch sap on in vivo immune agents in mice. The treatment of white birch sap on the forced swimming test has been used as a screening model for new immune enhancement agents. The hematological examination was significantly different in neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts between treatment and control groups. Moreover the white birch sap changed the phagocytic index, immobility duration time, and leukocyte counts in mice.