• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.344-346
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• 1998

Early emergence of watermelon seeds was markedly enhanced by SMP treatment though the final emergence percentage was not significantly influenced. Mixing ratios of 10:1:5 and 10:1:6 (seed : Micro-Cel E : water by weight) were found to be most effective in promoting the early emergence of watermelon seeds primed for 72 hrs at $25^{\circ}C$. Even though the hypocotyl elongation was slightly promoted by SMP treatment, the hypocotyl diameter remained uninfluenced. Among the cultivars tested, 'House-Ilpum' and 'Surowang' showed the best response to the SMP treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.212-216
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• 1993

Agricultural and forest wastes were tested as substrate for the production of Flammulina velutipes. Among the meranti, pine tree, mixed sawdust, coffee waste and peanut hull tested, coffee waste was the best basal substrate for the production of basidiocarps. When various supplements, such as ricebran, brewer's grain, defatted corn flour, defatted soybean flour and defatted rapeseed flour were tested, defatted corn flour was chosen for the production of basidiocarps. Maximum yield of basidiocarps(129.38 g/bottle) was obtained from the mixed medium at 4 : 1 ratio of coffee waste and defatted corn flour.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.150-153
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the sap transmission pattern of CGMMV and to select the disinfectant of sap transmission on watermelon cultivation. Being investigated CGMMV occurrence change after transplanting two diseased plants among 47 plants on the watermelon house, disease spread rapidly from early growth stage of 4 % to late growth stage of 83 %. When the grafting knife and topping scissor was dipped onto the several disinfectants before grafting or topping, disease suppressed 87-95 % on whole milk, skim milk, tri-sodium phosphate, and sodium hypo-chloride solution. Disinfection effects of 88.2 % and 91.2 % on whole milk and skim milk were showed when the hand dipped on the disinfectants.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2018

Recently, the interest and consumption of mini watermelon (Citrullus lunatus Thunb.) are increasing due to nuclear family and one person household. However, there's no research for mini watermelon. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop standard cultivation method of mini watermelon. The test cultivar is 'Minimi', which is a small-sized fruit, the rootstock is 'Bullojangsaeng', which is a cucurbit line. Grafted plants were transplanted on April 5, 2017, and harvested in early July. Cultivated types were 3 methods, which are ${\cap}-form$, arched, and runner type, and plant spacing were 40, 60, and 80 cm, respectively. The rowth and yield in ${\cap}-form$ was higher than that of the arched and runner types, and the sugar content was higher a bit. The yield per unit area was about 50% higher than ${\cap}-form$, which can be plant density cultivation than that of the runner type. The number of seeds per fruit of 'Minimi' was similar to that of 'Sambokggul', but seed weight was one third lower than that of 'Sambokggul'. The content of lycopene was 30% higher than that of 'Sambokggul' watermelon, and the main sugar content is similar to or slightly less. In conclusion, the ${\cap}-form$ staking cultivation was superior to the runner type or arched cultivation in terms of fruit setting ratio, yield and quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of concentration of NO$_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ , $K^{＋}$ and $Ca^{＋＋}$ in nutrient solution on the seedlings growth of ‘Mudeungsan’watermelon. Seeds were sown on March 16, 1997. NO$_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ , $K^{＋}$ and $Ca^{＋＋}$ was treated with three different levels, respectively, NO$_{3}$$^{[-10]}$ = 106, 206, 406ppm; $K^{＋}$ = 150, 200, 400 ppm; $Ca^{＋＋}$ = 150, 200, 400 ppm. Plant growth was investigated at four-days interval in 10 days after treatment. Increasing N concentration in the nutrient solution increased the plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoot while high concentration of K and Ca in the nutrient solution decreased the seedling growth in terms of leaf area, leaf dry weight. The uptake of N, K and Mg in petiole sap was positively affected by the adding of 206 ppm of nitrate, 150 ppm of potassium and 200 ppm of calcium levels, respectively. The P and Ca uptake in petiole sap was not affected by the N and K concentrations in the nutrient solution while K concentration above 200 ppm decreased the N and Mg content in petiole sap. High concentration of Ca in the nutrient solution increased the Ca content in petiole sap while Ca concentration above 200 ppm decreased the N content.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 1995

In winter, most of the energy for a greenhouse crop is supplied during the night. Since watermelon is grown under high night temperature, the experiments were set up to investigate night temperature influence on watermelon in order to obtain the best economic output. Day temperatures ranged from $25^{\circ}C$ and 3$0^{\circ}C$ ; night temperatures ranged from 2$0^{\circ}C$ to 3$0^{\circ}C$ at 5$^{\circ}C$ interval. Two cultivars of watermelon(Citrullus vulgaris S. ‘Binna’ and ‘Kamro’) treated with 30/3$0^{\circ}C$ yielded maximum leaf areas, flowers and leaf numbers. 30(14h)/25(10h)$^{\circ}C$ or 30(12h)/25(12h)$^{\circ}C$ grown plants had higher germination ratio and more dry weight and chlorophyll than those of 30/3$0^{\circ}C$ which were the highest temperature integral. Although 25/$25^{\circ}C$ and 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ regime are same average temperature, the growth of watermelons at 30/2$0^{\circ}C$ was significantly higher than 25/$25^{\circ}C$. ‘Binna’ was growing more than ‘Kamro’ at the same temperature. Leaf area ratio(LAR) was reduced with increasing DIF temperature from 30/3$0^{\circ}C$ to 30/2$0^{\circ}C$, but leaf weight ratio(LWR) was increased.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.314-321
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• 2017

Acidovorax valerianellae had been reported a causal agent of bacterial black spot disease on corn salad in France, 2003 and on watermelon in Korea 2011. In this study, difference in host specificity between 2 groups, corn salad strains and watermelon strains, of Acidovorax valerianellae was recognized and compared. In the pathogenicity test, all 5 watermelon strains showed pathogenicity on the 6 Cucurbitaceae plants but not on corn salad, whereas 4 corn salad strains showed pathogenicity only on the corn salad. Utilization of Biolog substrates was different between watermelon strains and corn salad strains on 4 substrates, Malonic Acid, ${\alpha}-Hydroxybutyric$ Acid, ${\alpha}-Keto$ Butyric Acid, and Glycyl-L Glutamic Acid. The phylogenetic tree built with the 16S rDNA sequences showed that all of A. valerianellae stains was grouped into 1 clade separating from the other species of Acidovorax genus. Within A. valerianellae clade, watermelon strains and corn salad strains were separated into 2 sub-groups. REP-PCR analysis also separated the two groups. Host specificity, substrate utilization, and some genetic characteristics suggested that there are two pathogenic groups, watermelon group and corn salad group in A. valerianellae.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.135-136
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• 2003

알코올 분무, 셀로판지 부착 등의 표면처리가 포장김치의 표면갈변과, pH, 산도, 균수 및 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 포장김치는 200 g 들이 플라스틱 용기에 김치를 담은 후 무처리, 70% 알코올로 표면을 1회 분무한 것, 김치표면에 폴리에틸렌필름(두께 0.04 mm)을 부착하여 저장실 (10$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$)에서 21일간 저장하면서 3일 간격으로 조사하였다. 그 결과, 무처리와 알코올을 분무한 경우는 저장 15일째에 pH가 4.0수준에 도달하였으나 김치표면에 polyethylene film을 부착한 경우는 21일째까지도 pH가 4.0 이상을 유지하였다. 산도의 경우도 pH와 동일한 경향을 나타내어 polyethylene film으로 표면처리함으로서 김치의 숙성이 지연되었다. 무처리와 알코올을 처리한 것은 12일째부터 김치표면이 갈변하기 시작하였으며 18일째는 그 갈변정도가 심하였다. 그러나 polyethylene film을 표면에 부착한 경우는 저장 21일째까지도 갈변정토가 미약하였다. 저장기간에 따른 총균수의 변화는 무처리와 알코올을 처리한 경우가 polyethylene film을 부착한 경우에 비하여 증가폭이 컸으나 젖산균수는 반대로 polyethylene film을 부착한 경우가 무처리 또는 알코올을 분무한 경우에 비하여 높아 김치의 품질이 양호하였다. 무처리와 알코올을 분무한 김치의 표면에는 저장 15일 이후에 산막표모 및 곰팡이의 균사체가 번식하는 김치도 발견되었다. 처리별 이미 및 이취의 발생정도를 조사한 결과 무처리와 알코올을 처리한 경우는 저장 15일경에 특히 용기 표면에 위치하는 김치에서 이미와 이취가 있었으나 polyethylene film을 부착한 경우는 이미와 이취가 전혀 나타나지 않았다.채반에 넣고 밀도를 측정한 결과 1.002g/㎤을 나타냈다. 즉 물의 이론밀도인 1g/㎤에 근접한 값을 보여 정확한 밀도 계측이 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 밀도 계측시스템의 측정 반복간 정밀도를 파악하기 위해 수박 6개를 임으로 선정하여 3반복 측정 시험한 결과, 측정표준편차가 0.001~0.004g/㎤로 해상도보다는 다소 높았으나 대체로 양호한 결과를 나타냈다. 수박 35개를 이용하여 개발 계측시스템과 사람이 직접 부력법으로 밀도를 측정 비교한 결과, 계측시스템에 의해 측정된 수박 밀도가 사람이 측정했을 때 보다 낮게 측정되었다. 수박의 외관인자(무게, 길이, 직경, 체적), 밀도와 당도의 상관관계 구명시험을 위해 원예연구소 시험포장에서 재배된 삼복꿀수박 총 74개를 공시재료로 하였고, 시험은 출수일별로 10~14개씩 수확하여 외관인자, 밀도, 당도를 각각 측정하고, 이들 인자들간의 상관관계를 구명하였다. 외관인자들간에는 높은 상관관계를 보였으나, 외관인자들과 밀도, 외관인자들과 당도, 밀도와 당도와는 매우 낮은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 점성에 영향을 미치는 가장 주요한 조건이라고 생각된다.환원당인 sucrose 함량은 계속 증가하였고 fructose, glucose, sorbitol의 함량(추황의 sorbitol을 제외)은 생장이 촉진됨에 따라 증가하다가 다시 점차적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 총당과 환원당의 측정결과와 일치한 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 배의 성장에 따라 산 함량은 감소하였고 당 함량은 증가하였다.luco-pyranoside, quercetin 7-O- -glucopyranoside, acacetin 7-O-$\beta$-D-glucuronide and apigenin-6-C-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-8-C-$\b

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.10
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• pp.1707-1711
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• 2013

In our study, each part (flesh, white rind, and green rind) of watermelon was extracted using hydrothermal extraction method at temperatures ranging from 100 to $300^{\circ}C$ at the intervals of 10, 30, and 60 min. We found that hydrothermal treatment has a significant bearing not only on tyrosinase inhibitory activity but also on neuronal cell protection of watermelon parts. The peak tyrosinase inhibitory activity (about 93%) was observed in both the flesh and green rind extracts at $300^{\circ}C$ for 60 min. In addition, we observed that hydrothermal extracts of watermelon parts at $300^{\circ}C$ for 60 min also evidenced significant protection effect for neuronal cell against $H_2O_2$ in a concentrationdependent manner. The results of this study confirm that hydrothermal treatment may be an efficient processing method for the purpose of obtaining potent bioactive substances from watermelon.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: Organic fertilizers in watermelon cultivation are widely used to supply nutrient and organic matter. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of application rate of organic fertilizer on the watermelon growth and soil chemical properties in greenhouse METHODS AND RESULTS: The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were mixed expeller cake (MEC) and mixed organic fertilizer (MOF). The treatments were conducted with 4 levels (1.0 N, 0.7 N, 0.5 N and 0.3 N) on the basis of soil testing nitrogen fertilization (STNF) using MEC or MOF as the basal dressing, and using chemical fertilizers (CF) as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF. These fertilizations were compared to CF 1.0 N (0.3 N as the basal and 0.7 N as the additional dressing) and non fertilization (NF). The leaf area of watermelon in treatment 0.5 N and 0.3 N using MEC or MOF was similar to CF treatment. The absorbed nutrient amounts by leaf, weight and sugar contents of fruit in the 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments were higher than other treatments. In 0.5 N and 0.3 N treatments using MEC or MOF on the basis of STNF, soil chemical properties such as electrical conductivity (EC), available $P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K concentrations after experiment showed tendency to decreasing or similar level before experiment. CONCLUSION(s): These results suggest that the MEC or MOF application as the basal dressing at the 30~50% level of STNF and CF application as the additional dressing on the rest of STNF be best to maintain adequate nutrient of soil and to increase marketable yield for watermelon.