• Landscaping Tree
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• v.80 no.5_6
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• pp.17-20
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• 2004

그 동안 우리나라 조경수목의 생산현황에 대한 자료는 현재 산림청, 조달청, 한국조경수협회와 발주처별로 매년조사 되고 있으나 통계조사치의 정확성과 신뢰 등이 낮았고 또한 규격별 조사가 행하여 지지 않고 수목의 수령별, 경급별로 조사되어 실용상의 활용가치가 적었다. (중략)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1996

To figure out the relation between the shade hours and the landscape tree growth in the apartment housing areas, the present sizes and planting positions of 4 tree species in Gwacheon-si apartment housing areas were surveyed. Then, shade hours were analyzed and the data were analyzed by simple linear regression method. As a whole, the R$^{2}$ was too low to generalize the regression equation. Therefore, it was presumed that the gravity of shade hours in landscape tree growth in this sample site was relatively lower than that of any other environmental factors. However, it was presumed that the characteristics of shade intolerant and tolerant tree were turned up, because Pinus strobus showed a low negative correlation with shade housm and Acer palmatum and Magnolia denudata showed a low positive correlation with shade hours generally. And, it was proved that the statistically significant cases were the tree diameter at root collar and tree sidth of Acer palmatum and tree width of Magnolia denudata with shade hours showing a low correlation coefficient less than 0.4.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.91-102
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze the problems on several steps of the establishment of the Nature Ecological Forest in Yeouido Park, Seoul, and also to suggest improved approaches on each step. For execution drawing, planting models and plans seemed to be uncertain, and the quantity and size of planting trees seemed to be impractical. For construction, the woody plants planted on the site were different in species and size from the planting plan. Ecological planting was somewhat limited because of the inappropriate soil properties. For management, replacement of the dead trees was not executed properly, and no management scheme was prepared after the replacement period. We suggested improved approaches for the establishment of ecological forests in urban areas as follows: for execution drawing, overstory, understory and herbaceous ground cover layers should be composed based on standard plant community structures. Trees that are available from tree markets should be specified in the planting plan. For construction, trees for planting need to be tagged to identify species and size. When tree species and size are changed, they should be checked to ensure that they are proper to the plant community model. Soil information should be collected to check that they fit the target plant community model. For management, the proper amount of trees needs to be specified in the planting plan by applying regular discount rates, especially for trees supplied from the government sector. The replacement period should be extended from two years to five years. The change of plant communities should be monitored during first five years after establishment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2023.10a
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• pp.92-93
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.23-41
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• 1987

This study was conducted to investigate the planting status of the woody landscape plant species and to obtain some fundamental informations for improvement of production and sales circulation of the woody landscape plants. The details of 328 landscape projects which were carried out for 2 years from 1983 to 1984 were surveyed to investigate the utilization status of the woody landscpe plants. The results obtained are summarized as fellows ; 1) The utilization rate of the trees to the shrubs as woody landscape plants was 1 : 6 and that of the evergreens to deciduous plants was 1 : 4. The plant species which were most frequently used in landscaping were Buxus microphylla koreana, Juniperus chinensis, Zelkova serrata and Acer saccharinum, howevr, plants which were used in largest quantitites were Ligustrum obtusifolium, Forsythia koreana, Buxus microphylla koreans and Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense. 2) The number of plants planted among 3 shrub species(Ligustrum obtusifolium, Forsythia koreana and Buxus microphylla korana) exceeded half of the total number of shrubs planted for landscping, however, the number of plants planted among 8 tree species including Pinus koreainensis were about half of the total tree species. 3) The number of government price specified plant species was only 20%, but the utilization frequency of the price specified plants was as much as 6 times than unspecified plants and 85% of plants used in landscaping works were the price specified plants. The utilization rate of the price specified plants was significantly high in the shrubs than the trees and in the evergreen than deciduous plants. 4) The amounts in use of the price specified standardized plants were significantly more than those of unstandardized plants. When the plant heights are same, the plants having wider canopy or stem diameter were rather frequently used in the landscaping works. The ratio of the width of the canopy or stem diameter to the stem length of the plants in the Korean standard is significantly greater than that in the Japanese standard.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.27-40
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• 2021

This study was carried out for the description of the conflicts on the measurement of the root collar diameter of the landscape trees that are currently being produced, distributed, and planted in S. Korea, and for determination of the standard for root collar diameter measurement. The difference in consciousness of appropriate measurement of root collar diameter among different ages of landscape practitioners was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. It seemed to be due to the difference in the amount of field experiences among different age groups. On "the ambiguity of measuring the root collar diameter' of landscape trees", the consciousness was significantly different at p<0.05 level among job positions. On "Improvement of measurement criteria for landscape trees," it was significantly different at p<0.05 level among job types. This was thought to be due to the disagreement between the client and the contractor. On "prevention of topsoil removal" when excavating landscape trees, the consciousness was significantly different at p<0.001 level among different age groups, and different at p<0.01 level among different occupations, and different at p<0.05 level among different working area. The consciousness on "removing top soil when excavating landscape trees and rooting after transplantation" was not significantly different. The consciousness on the conflict caused by "ambiguity in root collar diameter measurement criteria" was high with an average of 3.85 for job type, occupation, jop position, and work experience. It was higher for landscape contractors than public institutions. The higher job positions and more experiences, the more conflicts. The consciousness on the appropriate position of root collar diameter measurement for landscape trees revealed that measuring at above-ground part (66.5%) was prefered to the underground part (33.0%). During the excavation of landscape trees for transplant, topsoil removal up to average depth of -2cm to -4cm was favored by 84.0%, and the purpose of removing topsoil was recognized as 'to increase the size and unit cost' by 59.7%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.119-126
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• 2011

The standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was consist of a standard and universal work classification. However, these constructional methods have created a number of problems in utilizing and responding on a variety of recently-developed working methods such as new constructional skills and technologies. This research decided that presenting the amendments of work classification of a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was very important, and investigated those work classifications which required these new amendments. First of all, assessment items were selected through the literature reviews and a preliminary survey. Then, these assessment items were surveyed to the total of 60 professional landscape architecture field. The results of this study were as follows; First, the utilization level of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction was highest in the area of work classification of planting unit manpower and material. Second, the work classifications that needed to be added were recognized as leveling the ground construction, landscape structure construction, paving construction, water facilities construction, and outdoor facilities construction. Third, in the field of the a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction, 66.7% of the respondents replied that some amendments were necessary, and those amendments needed work classifications were identified as work classification of planting unit manpower and material was gigantic plant, topiary tree, temporary planting, exchange dead tree, etc. In the area of digging out was gigantic plant and plastic tree were recognized. The survey respondents also answered that, in keeping and management work classifications some amendments in pruning waste were necessary, and in the fields of rubble masonry work classifications some improvements were required in rubble aperture planting unit manpower and material and sodding and herbaceous sowing was a realistic lawn size unit manpower and material was needed. Based on the results explained above, this study suggests that amendments for a standard unit manpower and material in landscape architectural construction are necessary, especially in the areas of planting size and quality of work classifications unit manpower and material and in the unit manpower and material that affects the quality of lands caping constructions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.59-70
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• 2021

This study was to investigate the measurement point of root collar diameter of landscape trees in Korea. It may contribute to avoiding disputes caused by the difference in measurement criteria of root collar diameter of landscape trees between tree growers and constructors. The difference between landscape trees' root collar diameter measurement point was 3.59cm from 6cm underground to the surface and 1.35cm from 0cm to 6cm above ground. The source root collar diameter measurement point difference was larger in the basement than in the ground. The standard deviation of the root collar diameter of the landscape tree was 0.64 from 6cm underground to the surface, and the difference in standard deviation from 0cm to 6cm above ground was 0.16. The difference by measurement point of the root collar diameter was larger in the basement than in the ground. It has been proposed to set the reasonable measurement point of the landscaping tree root collar diameter at the inflection point where the standard deviation of the tree trunk diameter is the smallest in line with the size change of the standard for each root collar diameter measurement point. By tree species, Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. 18cm above the ground, Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton. 12cm above the ground, Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino. 12cm above the ground, Celtis sinensis Pers. 12cm above the ground, Styrax japonicus Siebold & Zucc. 10 cm above the ground, Cornus officinalis Siebold & Zucc. 10cm above the ground, Acer palmatum Thunb. ex Murray. 6cm above the ground, Ilex rotunda Thunb. 6cm above the ground, Quercus myrsmaefolia Blume. 4cm above the ground, Lagerstroemia indica L. 2cm above the ground The above heights were shown as reasonable measurement points. The difference by landscape tree root collar diameter measurement site showed that the standard deviation was small throughout the tree species, and the reasonable average measurement point with a stable slope of the deviation was 12cm or more on average. It can be said that the reasonable measurement point of the root collar diameter of a landscape tree is set at an average of 12cm above the ground. However, recognizing 30cm, which is a familiar ruler(尺) in traditional practices, is quick, It was recommended to measure at the height of 30cm from the surface for a reasonable measurement point of the root collar diameter of a landscape tree, for the uniformity of measurement standards.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.457-471
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• 2014

This study aims to present an evaluation scheme to improve the problems in tree shapes and tree growth which were identified through shape and growth assessments of landscape trees currently planted in Haedoji Park, Songdo, Incheon Metropolitan City after plant structure status and propriety review for funtion of space and concept of planting. Suitability the planting concept was evaluated according to function of space. The result indicated that the shade planting areas accounted for 29.5% of the the shade spaces area. 58.7%, respectively planting areas of visual landscape. And 11.8%, respectively planting areas of buffer. Because the planting areas was lacked according to the park established spatial configuration of central facilities and the result of plant young trees. Plant structure status required consideration with plant structure, density, size, growth status for improve planting function. The tree assessment was performed on a total of 28 species and 600 trees of which 22 species and 209 trees were planted in the buffer zone, 8 species and 71 trees in the shade zone, 16 species and 266 trees in the visual landscape zone, and 4 species and 54 trees in the ecological landscape zone. The trees were divided into grades based on their assessment score and were statistically grouped by the functional zone in where they are planted and by tree species to verify their significance. The tree shape assessment was an average of 56.6 points and the tree growth assessment was an average of 76.0 points. Using the results of the tree assessments, the tree standards for each functional space were identified and a concept of optimum planting and cultivating was applied. When applying the shape assessment results by zone to the concept of planting, since trees for buffering require high functionality they received E's, the lowest grade; as trees for ecological landscaping require diverseness and naturalness, they received D's; since trees for shading require utilization, they received C's as trees with branching at the main stems were considered; and since trees for visual landscaping required aesthetical value, they received A's and B's. When applying the growth assessment results by zone to the concept of planting, based on planting foundations of favorable and poor, for buffering, visual landscaping, and ecological landscaping, trees from grades A to E could be planted, and for shading, trees from grades A to C could be planted. For a cultivation plan that could improve the growth of the trees, we proposed that the topography of the land be selected considering the tree's characteristics and that a method of pot seeding be used. Also, to improve the shape of the trees, we proposed that poles be used to improve the growth of vertically-straight stems, an appropriate planting density be applied for reasonable branch growth, manage tree shape to maintain good crowning, and better manage fertilization to maintain a reasonable crown density.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.111
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• pp.43-45
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• 2009

예전에 한 아파트 건설현장에 평소에 잘 사용되지 않던 벽오동이 설계에 반영된 적이 있었다. 당시 '시행사명+지명'을 혼합하여 사용하던 아파트 명칭에서 친근함과 의미를 담아 'OO마을'로 명명하기 시작하던 즈음이었다. 오동나무는 봉황의 거처라는 좋은 의미를 가지고 있고, 또한 봉황은 60년만에 열리는 대나무 열매를 먹는다는 전설에 마침맞게 주거동 측벽에는 대나무가 설계되어 있어, 배식설계만으로 보자면 아파트단지에 '봉황'의 의미를 부여하기에 안성맞춤이라고 좋아하였다. 그러나 두세곳의 재배지 검수를 통해 설계도니 규격인 가슴높이지름 8cm의 벽오동을 대하였 때, 도저히 내 현장에 도입할 용기가 나지 않았다. 잎도 얼마 있지 않은 데다가 해당 규격의 벽오동은 마치 길쭉한 뭉둥이 같은 줄기에 맹아지처럼 생긴 가지들이 듬성듬성 달린 모습이었다. 그러한 이유로 결국 녹음이 잘 우거져 당장 심었을 때 효과가 좋은 다른 수종으로 설계변경을 결정할 수밖에 없었다.