Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate depression and suicide ideation according to socioeconomic changes after COVID-19 among Korean adolescent. Methods : Data on the study population were obtained from the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS). The KYRBS is a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (aged 12-18 years) that originally included over 103 questions in 15 domains of health-risk behaviors. In the 16th KYRBS, a total 54,948 students from 793 schools responded to the survey. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted regarding depression and suicide ideation. Results : This study suggests that changes in the family household before and after COVID-19 pandemic are also affecting the mental health of the adolescents. The study shows that worse change of family household is significant associations with suicidal ideation and depression. Adolescents reporting worse (AOR 1.38; 95% CI 1.38-1.57) and much worse (AOR 2.07; 95% CI 1.87-2.29) were significantly more likely to report depression. Adolescents reporting worse (AOR 1.34; 95% CI 1.34-1.60) and much worse (AOR 2.01; 95% CI 1.76-2.29) were significantly more likely to report suicide ideation. Conclusions : In this study, it was confirmed that young people from socially disadvantaged backgrounds are at high risk of suicide ideation and more depression. The results of this study suggest that we should consider improving the screening and prevention of mental health problems for adolescents with poor socioeconomic changes of COVID-19.
Yoon, Ho-Sung;Do, Jeong-Mi;Jeon, Byung Hee;Yeo, Hee-Tae;Jang, Hyeong Seok;Yang, Hee Wook;Suh, Ho Seong;Hong, Ji Won
Journal of Life Science
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v.32
no.7
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pp.578-587
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2022
Korea, as the world's 7th largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has raised the national greenhouse gas reduction target as international regulations have been strengthened. As it is possible to utilize coastal and marine ecosystems as important nature-based solutions (NbS) for implementing climate change mitigation or adaptation plans, the blue carbon ecosystem is now receiving attention. Blue carbon refers to carbon that is deposited and stored for a long period after carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed as biomass by coastal ecosystems or oceanic ecosystems through photosynthesis. Currently, there are only three blue carbon ecosystems officially recognized by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrasses. However, the results of new research on the high CO2 sequestration and storage capacity of various new blue carbon sinks, such as seaweeds, microalgae, coral reefs, and non-vegetated tidal flats, have been continuously reported to the academic community recently. The possibility of IPCC international accreditation is gradually increasing through scientific verification related to calculations. In this review, the current status and potential value of seaweeds, seagrass fields, and non-vegetated tidal flats, which are sources of blue carbon on the east coast, are discussed. This paper confirms that seaweed resources are the most effective NbS in the East Sea of Korea. In addition, we would like to suggest the direction of research and development (R&D) and utilization so that new blue carbon sinks can obtain international IPCC certification in the near future.
Intentionality judgement in criminal cases is a core area of fact finding that is root of guilty and sentencing judgment on the defendant. However, the third party is not sure the intentionality because it reflects subjective aspect of agent. Thus, mechanism behind intentionality judgment is an important factor to be properly understood by the academia and the criminal justice system. However, previous studies regarding intentionality judgment models have shown inconsistent results. Mental-state models proposed foreseeability(belief) and desire of agent at the time of the offence as key factors in intentionality judgment. These factors consistent with central things on intentionality judgment in criminal law. However, key factors in moral-evaluation models are blameworthiness of agent and badness of outcome reflected on the consequent aspect of act. Recently, deep-self concordance model emerged suggesting important factors on intentionality judgment are not mental states and moral evaluations but individual's deep-self. However, these models are limited in that they do not consider the important features of criminal cases, that the consequence of the case is inevitably negative, and therefore the actor who is a party to legal punishment rarely expresses his or her mental state at the time of the act. Therefore, this study suggests that, based on the existing intentionality judgment studies and the characteristics of the criminal case, the inference about who the agent was originally will play a key role in judging the intentionality in the criminal case. This is the moral-character model. Futhermore, In this regard, this study discussed what the media and criminal justice institutions should keep in mind and the directions for future research.
Lee, Ji Eun;Park, Ju Hyun;Kim, Kwang Soo;An, Da Hee;Cha, Young Lok
Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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v.49
no.1
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pp.74-81
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2022
Brassica napus, an oil crop that produces rapeseed oil, is an allotetraploid (AACC, 2n = 38) produced by natural hybridization between B. rapa and B. oleracea. In this study, microspore was cultured using the F1 developed from a cross between 'EMS26' line with high oleic acid content and 'J8634-B-30' lines. The flower bud size showing the nuclear development at the late uninucleate and binucleate stage with high embryogenesis rate was 2.6 ~ 3.5 mm. Microspores were cultured using only this size and after then most microspore embryo developed into secondary embryos and then regeneration plants obtained from the developed multilobe. The analysis of the ploidy of the plants revealed that 66.7% and 27.8% of the total lines were tetraploids and octoploids, respectively. The sizes of stomatal cells in tetraploids, octoploids, and diploids were 25.5, 35.6, and 19.9 ㎛, respectively, indicating that ploidy level was positively correlated with cell size. Furthermore, 62 tetraploid doubled haploid (DH) lines were selected. The average oleic acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3) concentrations of DH were 72.3% and 6.2%, respectively. Oleic acid and linolenic acid concentrations exceeded the two parental values in 5 and 14 DH lines, respectively, suggesting that these two fatty acids had transgressive segregation. Therefore, the DH population can be utilized for the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in rapeseed and related genes. It can also be used as a breeding material for varieties with high oleic acid concentrations.
Kim, Yun-Hee;Ji, Chang Yoon;Kim, Ho Soo;Chung, Jung-Sung;Choi, Sung Hwan;Kwak, Sang-Soo;Lee, Jeung Joo
Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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v.49
no.2
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pp.118-123
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2022
To obtain information on the molecular mechanism underlying the low temperature tolerance of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam], the proteome expressed in the sweet potato cultivar Xushu 15-1 with high cold storage tolerance and in the cultivar Xushu 15-4 with low cold storage tolerance was analyzed using 2-D and MALDI-TOF/TOF analyses. Compared with the control (without cold treatment), four protein spots were newly expressed in Xushu 15-1. The expression level of one protein spot was higher in Xushu 15-4 than in Xushu 15-1. Spot 2, which was newly expressed in Xushu 15-1, was identified as sporamin. Assessment of the change in protein expression levels over 8 weeks in the storage roots of the two cultivars treated at 4℃ revealed no significant difference in the expression levels in Xushu 15-1 over time. However, in Xushu 15-4, the expression level of one protein spot increased, while those of four spots decreased. Of the proteins with reduced expression levels, spots 7 and 8 were identified as actin and spots 9 and 10 were identified as fructokinase-like proteins. The present results are expected to enhance the understanding of the complex mechanism underlying the low temperature tolerance of sweet potatoes during storage and can be used to identify candidate genes for the development of new varieties of sweet potatoes with improved low temperature tolerance during cold storage in the future.
In this study, to biosynthesize PHA with properties more similar to polypropylene, a Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain that biosynthesized poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was isolated from soil. Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain biosynthesized PHBV containing 1.3% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) using reducing sugar contained in Makgeolli lees enzymatic hydrolysate (MLEH) as a single carbon source. As the amount of propionic acid, which was added as a second carbon source, increased, the content of 3HV also increased. PHBV containing up to 48.6% of 3HV was synthesized when 1.0 g/l of propionic acid was added. Based on these results, the strain was cultured for 72 hr in a 3 l fermenter using reducing sugar in MLEH (20 g/l) and propionic acid (1 g/l) as the main and secondary carbon sources, respectively. As a result, 6.4 g/l DCW and 50 wt% of PHBV (MLEH-PHBV) containing 8.9% 3HV were biosynthesized. Through gel permeation chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis, it was confirmed that the average molecular weight and the decomposition temperature of MLEH-PHBV were 152 kDa and 273℃, respectively. In conclusion, the Bacillus sp. EMK-5020 strain could biosynthesize PHBV containing various 3HV fractions when MLEH and propionic acid were used as carbon sources, and PHBV-MLEH containing 8.9% 3HV was confirmed to have higher thermal stability than standard PHBV (8% 3HV).
Kim, Jong Geun;Kim, Hyun Rae;Jeong, Eun Chan;Ahmadi, Farhad;Chang, Tae Kyoon
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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v.42
no.2
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pp.73-78
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2022
This experiment was conducted to establish the technology for artificial hay preparation in Korea. Using far-infrared heater, a device that can control temperature, airflow, and far-infrared radiation was produced and conducted on the fourth harvested alfalfa. The drying conditions were carried out by selecting a total of four conditions. For each condition, the radiation rate was set to around 40% (33-42%), and the temperature was set at 58~65℃, and the speed of the airflow was fixed at 60m/s. The overall drying time was set to 30 min in the single and 60 min (30-30 min) and 90 min (30-30-30 min) in the complex condition, and the radiation rate and temperature were changed by time period. In the case of drying condition 1, the final dry matter (DM) content was 46.26%, which did not reach a DM suitable for hay. However, all of the alfalfa corresponding to the remaining drying conditions 2 to 7 showed a DM content of 80% or more, resulting in optimal alfalfa hay production. In power consumption according to the drying conditions, the second drying condition showed the lowest at 4.7 KW, and the remaining drying conditions were as high as 6.5 to 7.1 KW. The crude protein content was found to be high at an average of 25.91% and it showed the highest content in the 5th drying condition (26.93%) and the lowest value in the 6th drying condition (25.16%). The digestibility showed a high value with an average of 84.90%, and there was no significant difference among treatments (p>0.05). Considering the above results, it was judged that drying condition 2 was the most advantageous.
This study investigated correlations between egg quality indicators to identify external egg quality traits to predict internal egg quality using non-destructive and convenient measurements. Thirteen indicators, including Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, eggshell color (CIE L*, CIE a*, CIE b*), and reflectivity value, egg weight, egg length, egg width, shape index, and yolk color, were investigated. A total of 180 brown eggs were obtained from one 27-week-old flock of Hy-line brown-laying hens raised in a cage system. Correlations were evaluated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The results showed strong correlations between Haugh unit and albumen height, eggshell color CIE L* and reflectivity, egg weight and width, egg weight and length, eggshell color CIE L* and CIE a*, eggshell color CIE a* and reflectivity, and shape index and egg length (P<0.001). Moderate correlations were observed between eggshell breaking strength and eggshell thickness, eggshell color CIE a* and CIE b*, and shape index and egg width (P<0.001). Eggshell color CIE L* was correlated with eggshell breaking strength (P<0.01), and eggshell color CIE a* was correlated with Haugh unit, albumen height (P<0.01), and eggshell breaking strength (P<0.001). The present study showed significant correlations between eggshell color and other quality indicators. Thus, this study suggests that eggshell colors based on reflectiveness and the CIE L*a*b* value can be used to estimate the Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell breaking strength, and thickness.
Purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different veneering methods on the tensile bond strength between polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) and denture base resins. Materials and methods. A total of 80 PEKK T-shaped specimens were fabricated and the primer (Visio.link) was applied after airborne-particle abrasion with 110 ㎛ alumina oxide powder. According to the veneering method, the specimens were divided into four groups (n = 20) to be veneered with the gingival colored packable photopolymerized composite resin (SR Adoro); flowable photopolymerized composite resin, (Crea.lign); heat-polymerized resin (Vertex); and self-polymerized resin (ProBase Cold). Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10) according to the artificial thermal aging. After the tensile bond strength measurement via universal testing machine, the fracture sections of all specimens were observed. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post hoc test were used for the statistical analysis (α = .05). Results. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in the tensile bond strength according to the veneering method and artificial thermal aging of denture base resins (P<.001). The highest tensile bond strength showed in the packable photopolymerized resin group before and after the artificial thermal aging. The lowest tensile bond strength showed in the heat-polymerized resin group. The mixed and adhesive fracture showed in all groups. Conclusion. The veneering method and artificial thermal aging can influence in the tensile bond strength between the resin and PEKK. The artificial thermal aging can reduce the tensile bond strength.
Li, Yan Fen;Wang, Li Li;Yu, Young Sang;Jeong, Eun Chan;Ahmadi, Farhad;Li, Sang Hoon;Kim, Jong Geun
Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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v.42
no.2
/
pp.89-95
/
2022
This experiment was conducted to investigate the change in the productivity of Italian ryegrass seeds according to the inter-row spacing in the southern region of the Korean Peninsula. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) 'Green Call' variety was sown in Jinju, Gyeongnam in the fall of 2020 with three inter-row spacings (20, 30 and 40 cm). The experiment was arranged a randomized block design with three replications. The ryegrass was sown on October 17, 2020, and the harvest was on May 31, about 60 days from the first heading stage. There was no difference among treatments with an average of April 27th in heading stage. Plant height was significantly longer at 30 cm seeding interval and the shortest in 20 cm treatment. The length of the spike was the longest in the 40 cm seeding interval, and the number of seeds per spike was the highest in the 20cm seeding interval, but there was no significant difference among treatments. The seed yield was the highest at the 20 cm sowing interval (2,180 kg/ha), and decreased as the spacing increased. The dry matter content of seeds and straw was found to be 44.90% and 45.51% on average, and there was no significant difference among treatments. The amount of remaining straw after harvesting was found to be 7,506 kg/ha on average on DM basis, and was high at the 20 cm seeding interval. In view of the above results, it was found that it is most advantageous to sow at intervals of 20 cm when producing Italian ryegrass seeds through autumn sowing in the southern region.
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