• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.177-179
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• 2012

이 연구의 목적은 우리나라 해상교통 안전확보를 위하여 전국 주요 항만 해역에 대한 수로측량의 긴급성과 중요성의 기준을 객관적으로 마련해 보는 것이다. 즉 전국의 관할 항만 해역별로 중요성과 위험성, 다양한 이용 고객들 수요의 긴급성과 중요성 등을 고려하여, 수로측량 우선순위(survey priorities)를 설정하고 객관적이고 합리적인 모델을 만들어 보는 것이다. 이를 위해 항만해역 수로측량의 변천과 현황, 기존의 문제점을 살펴보고, 문헌연구와 해외의 해양선진국 수로측량 사례를 통하여 잠정기준을 도출하였다. 그리고 이를 전문가 설문조사 및 분석을 통해 우선순위를 도출하였다. 그 결과 우리나라 주요 항만해역의 수로측량 우선순위로는 해저지형 변화, 해상교통량, 기존 수로측량 실적, 이해당사자/이용자의 요구, 해양사고, 해양환경 및 생태자원 보존 등으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구는 우리나라에서 향후 수로측량을 보다 과학적이고 체계적인 방법으로 수행하기 위한 모델을 만들어보고, 여러 정책적 제안을 하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.154-163
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• 2015

This study is based on deductions from analysis of historical changes in hydrographic surveys, the problems with the existing system in Korea and analysis of the literature, including foreign cases. Using these criteria, we created and administered a survey of marine professionals of Korea, and based on the results, established an order of priority for hydrographic surveys, as follows: changes in the seabed, quantities of marine traffic, existing performance data from hydrographic survey, consumer's demand, marine accidents, conservation of oceanic environment, and natural resources. The study also deduced, based on a survey of experts, the relative importance ranking of the major ports in South Korea and suggests policy implications and a priority decision model to conduct future hydrographic surveys in a more scientific and systematic way.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.560-566
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• 2010

Port of Samcheonpo, designated as a Trading Port, is constructing New Port for the increase in trade and the requirement of maritime safety is growing. To meet these requirement for maritime safety, hydrographic surveying around south sea area of Samcheonpo using Multibeam Echo Sounder(MBES), DGPS etc was conducted. In this study, major item of hydrographic surveying such as sounding data was acquired and analyzed depth data comparing with vertical uncertainty in the special publication for hydrographic minimum specification published in Feb, 2008 by International Hydrographic Organization. By analyzing the depth data with 3 steps procedure, the port and starboard beam by removing the outskirts of the data processing could improve the efficiency and accuracy. The error of south sea were about 0.2m and the upper central part of the error were within 0.2m. Depth data of the study area are included in the 99% of 1st order and satisfied with a 100% tolerance of special order based on the international hydrograhic survey standard. This study will be a good case to support efficient decision-making for safe navigation, coastal management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.218-223
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• 1999

국제 수로 기구(IHO, International Hydrographic Organization)에서는 해도제작을 위한 해양조사의 기준을 마련하고, 전세계적으로 사용되는 해도의 정확도를 표준화하고 있다. IHO에서는 탐사 기술의 발달을 반영하여, 기존의 단 빔 음향 측심기 이외에도 멀티 빔 음향 측심기(Multibeam Echo Sounder)와 사이드 스캔 소나(Side Scan Sonar)를 이용한 해양 탐사 시에 요구되는 정확도와 탐사 자료에 대한 메타 데이터(Metadata)의 작성을 요구하고 있다. 본 논문은 수로 측량에서 얻어진 측량 자료들의 처리절차와 자료관리 기법에 대한 연구이다. IHO 해양탐사 기준에 맞는 탐사 자료 처리와, 메타 데이터를 자동으로 생성하여 측량자료관리 DB구축 및 관리를 주 기능으로 하는 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 특히, 본 논문은 해양 탐사 자료 처리 시스템을 개발하기 위하여, 해양 자료 처리 과정을 표준화하고, 국제적 해양 자료의 교환 표준인 MGD77과 호환 가능한 메타 데이터를 자동 생성하며, 1Hz로 수집되는 GPS 측위자료로부터 특징점(Waypoint)을 정의하고, 이를 추출하여 측심선을 벡터화 (Trackline Vectorizing) 하는 알고리즘을 구현한다. 개발된 시스템은 현재 국립 해양조사원의 해양2000호에서 획득된 탐사자료에 적용, 운영되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-178
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• 2009

The introduction of a world geodetic system for cadastral survey will be started the enactment of the law on survey, hydro-graphical examination and cadastre. However, the cadastral control points are not homogeneous and correspond with national control points because of various reasons. To cope with this problem, the 1,600 high accurate control points, which can be interlocked with national GPS control points, has selected from existing 20,000 cadastral control points. These selected control points were calculated as an accurate world geodetic system and it makes a homogeneous cadastral survey network. Through these measures, for the future carrying out national project, this study will be effectively contributed to establish the cadastral infrastructures for the Korea cadastral reform project.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2021

최근 물 사용에 대한 각 부문 간의 경쟁이 심화되고 있으며, 미래 기후변화에 대응하기 위해 체계적이고 효율적인 수자원 활용이 요구되고 있다. 농업용수는 우리나라 수자원의 40% 이상을 차지하고 있지만, 생활용수, 공업용수와 달리 경험에 기반한 관행적 관리가 이루어지고 있어 체계적인 관리가 필요하다. 농업용수의 체계적 관리와 분석을 위해 최신화된 수혜면적 파악 및 수혜구역 내 수로 네트워크 구축은 필수적 요소이다. 현재 활용하고 있는 농업용 저수지 수혜면적 및 수로 자료는 한국농어촌공사의 RIMS 자료를 기반으로 하고 있다. 하지만 기존 자료의 경우 준공 당시 설계기준으로 작성되거나 수년 전 갱신된 자료로 최신현황을 반영하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 문제점을 보완하기 위해 직접 측량을 통한 자료 취득 또는 농림축산식품부의 스마트팜맵과 같은 대체, 보완자료가 활용되고 있다. 직접 측량의 경우 최신화된 정확한 자료 취득이 가능하지만, 많은 시간이 소요되며, 스마트팜맵의 경우 취득 주기가 1~2년으로 주기에 따라 최신자료의 활용이 어려울 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 자료 산정 시간 단축 및 최신자료 취득을 위해 고해상도 영상을 활용하고자 하였으며, 여주시 삼합저수지를 대상으로 검증하였다. 영상자료로는 위성영상, 항공영상, 드론영상을 활용하였으며, 위성영상의 경우 구글어스 프로의 2020년 11월 고해상도 영상, 국토리지정보원의 2019~2020년 51cm급 항공 영상, 2020년 10월 촬영한 4cm급 드론영상을 사용하였다. 수혜면적 산정은 기존 RIMS 자료와 스마트팜맵을 통해 확인한 수혜면적에서 영상을 통해 확인한 토지이용 변경지역을 추출하여 재산정하였으며, 수로 네트워크의 경우 RIMS 자료를 기반으로 드론영상을 통해 확인된 수로 추가 및 DEM (Digital Elevation Model) 영상을 활용한 용수 흐름도 작성을 통해 구축하였다. 본 연구에서 재산정한 수혜면적과 수로 네트워크는 정확한 용수 수요량 및 공급량 산정, 관개 효율 분석 등과 같은 농업용수 분석 전반에 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Multi-beam echo sounder is more precise and efficient than single beam echo sounder relatively because it is able to survey a wide area with 3 times or 4 times swath width as much as the depth of water using multi-beam echo sounder. It is sure to be needed to control supplementary equipment accurately, however, because the principle of creation and measurement of the beam is elaborate and influenced a great deal by vessel's motion. We analyzed using visual and statistical methods in both sections of the depth of water where were the places of the center of the beam and ± 45° angles from the central beam to improve the precise of Multi-beam echo sounder in this study. In result, it was required to control supplementary equipment because of errors from the vibration of an inertia governor and misalignment of extra units. Therefore, we reduced the vibration from the vessel's engine by sticking rubbers to the inertia governor and measured the offset values of extra units accurately, converted them to the values of horizontal position and lined up. In result, the precise in sounding the depth at the place of ± 45° from the center of the beam was improved from the level of the 1st order to the special order in a hydrographic survey of the IHO S44 standards and a phenomenon of ripple patterns in the overlapped area by misalignment was decreased remarkably.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2013

In hydrographic survey, data surveyed with multibeam system includes various errors due to multiple factors. These are corrected by a calibration called patch test, and if existing method is used, the test needs to be conducted for about 8 times for precise system calibration. For more prompt and precise multibeam system calibration, the exact offset of a ship was determined using terrestrial laser scanning and TS surveying, which was used as the initial input for the patch test. In the result, the error of closure was 0.001 m or less for TS surveying and backsight error was 0.005 m or less for scanning. All the surveying data based on the same local coordinate was converted into vessel reference coordinate during which R-square for all rotation angles was 0.99 or higher and standard deviation was 0.008 m or less. Finally, in a patch test using calculated offset of sensors and motion sensor offset, the offset of MBES transducer satisfied manual on hydrography only with 1-time calibration. With these results, it is thought that terrestrial laser scanning and TS surveying can fully be utilized for multibeam system calibration.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.135-145
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• 2022

This study aims to verify the Drone utilization and the accuracy of the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), Drone RGB (Photogrammetry) (D-RGB), and Drone LiDAR (D-LiDAR) surveying performance in the downstream reaches of the local stream. The results of the measurement of Ground Control Point (GCP) and Check Point (CP) coordinates confirmed the excellence. This study was carried out by comparing GNSS, D-RGB, and D-LiDAR with the values which the hydraulic characteristics calculated using HEC-RAS model. The accuracy of three survey methods was compared in the area of the study which is the ownership station, to 6 GCP and 3 CP were installed. The comparison results showed that the D-LiDAR survey was excellent. The 100-year frequency design flood discharge was applied in the channel sections of the small stream. As a result of D-RGB surveying 2.30 m and D-LiDAR 1.80 m in the average bed elevation, and D-RGB surveying 4.73 m and D-LiDAR 4.25 m in the average flood condition. It is recommended that the performance of D-LiDAR surveying is efficient method and useful as the surveying technique of the geospatial information using the drone equipment in stream channel.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5D
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• pp.739-747
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• 2011

The paper presents implementation & evaluation of survey method with tilted transducer of Multi Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) to increase horizontal & vertical coverage over obstructed port environments with limited physical properties of MBES. Proposed method ($25^{\circ}$ titled transducer) have some discrepancy of bathymetric profiles between normal and tilting method, but we proved average difference is less than IHO Special Order requirements with survey data at port of Dong Ho Port, Masan, Korea. For horizontal mapping coverage of total survey area ($114,961m^2$), normal method covered 53%, $60,895m^2$ of total area but tilting method covered 75%, $5.933m^2$. It is 22% efficient than normal method with similar environments. For vertical mapping coverage of total vertical structure face ($7,421m^2$), normal method covered 14%, $1,046m^2$, proposed methods covered 60%, $4,450m^2$. And we adapt longitudal steel bar to validate MBES results, and provide calibration method with titled transducer of MBES.