• Title/Summary/Keyword: 손실수두

Search Result 93, Processing Time 0.032 seconds

Estimation of Head Loss Coefficient Empirical Formulas Using Model Experimental Results in a 90° Angle Dividing Channel Junction (90도 각도를 갖는 분기수로에서 모형실험결과를 이용한 손실계수 경험식 산정)

  • Park, Inhwan;Seong, Hoje;Kim, Hyung-Jun;Rhee, Dong Sop
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.37 no.6
    • /
    • pp.989-999
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, hydraulic experimental studies were conducted to estimate the empirical formulas of loss coefficient, which is necessary to calculate the energy loss occurred in the dividing channel junction of sewer system. The experimental apparatus was consisted of two outflow conduit with a $90^{\circ}$ angle to the inlet conduit, and the pressure and velocity heads are measured to analyze the energy losses in the branch. The measurements of the hydraulic grade line show that the hydraulic grade line was steeply descended at the dividing point due to the head loss, and the decreasing amount of velocity head increased with the increase of flowrate ratio. The head loss exponentially increased in the outlet with larger runoff as the increase of flowrate ratio and Froude number, and the head loss coefficient also increased. On the other hands, the head loss coefficients decreased in the outlet with smaller runoff as the increase of the flowrate ratio and Froude number. Using the experimental results, the empirical formulas of loss coefficient was suggested for each outlet, and the error of empirical formula was 3.91 and 5.19%, respectively. Furthermore, the total head loss coefficient calculated by the two empirical formulas was compared with the experimental results, and the error was 3.62%.

The Estimation of Friction Velocity by Hydraulic Parameters Reflecting Turbulent Flow Characteristics in a Smooth Pipe Line (매끄러운 관수로 내 난류흐름특성을 반영한 수리학적 매개변수에 의한 마찰속도의 산정)

  • Choo, Tai Ho;Son, Jong Keun;Kwon, Yong Been;Ahn, Si Hyung;Yun, Gwan Seon
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
    • /
    • v.16 no.4
    • /
    • pp.614-623
    • /
    • 2016
  • Grid(pipe network) design is an important element of Smart Water Grid, which essential to estimate hydraulic parameters such as the pressure, friction factor, friction velocity, head loss and energy slope. Especially, friction velocity in a grid is an important factor in conjunction with energy gradient, friction coefficient, pressure and head loss. However, accurate estimation friction head loss, friction velocity and friction factor are very difficult. The empirical friction factor is still estimated by using theory and equation which were developed one hundred years ago. Therefore, in this paper, new equation from maximum velocity and friction velocity is developed by using integration relationship between Darcy-Weisbach's friction head loss equation and Schlichting equation and regression analysis. To prove the developed equation, smooth pipe data areis used. Proposed equation shows high accuracy compared to observed data. Study results are expected to be used in stability improvements and design in a grid.

Numerical Analysis on the Determination of Head Loss by Perforated Vertical Walls (연직 유공벽의 수두손실 결정을 위한 수치해석)

  • Chun, In-Sik;Lee, Seong-Yeop;Park, Kyung-Soo;An, Dong-Keun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
    • /
    • v.19 no.3
    • /
    • pp.194-204
    • /
    • 2007
  • A numerical analysis and hydraulic experiments were undertaken to investigate the head loss occurring when a flow passes through vertical perforated walls. The numerical analysis applied continuity, momentum and energy equations to the control volumes that were set near the perforated wall. Non-dimensional equations were then derived to calculate both upstream depth and head loss for the given values of downstream depth and velocity. The hydraulic experiments were performed with several single and triple perforated plates varying their opening ratios and intervals. The numerical results with the single plates were compared with the experimental results, and it was shown that the contraction coefficient of the vertical line jet formed after the perforated plates relies on downstream Froude number as well as opening ratio. Based on the experimental results, empirical formulas were formulated. Finally, the formulas were applied to the triple plates sequentially from downstream side to upstream side, and it was found that in general the predicted values nicely agreed with the experimental results.

Development of the Seepage Flow Monitoring Method by the Hydraulic Head Loss Rate (수두손실률에 의한 침투류 감시기법 개발)

  • Eam, Sung-Hoon;Kang, Byung-Yoon;Kim, Ki-Wan;Koo, Ja-Ho;Kang, Shin-Ik;Cha, Hung-Youn;Jung, Jae-Hyun;Cho, Jun-Ho;Kim, Ki-Soo
    • Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
    • /
    • v.26 no.5
    • /
    • pp.37-48
    • /
    • 2010
  • In this study, the seepage flow monitoring method by the hydraulic head loss rate was developed for the purpose of application to offshore construction site enclosed by cofferdams in which seepage force varies periodically. The amount of the hydraulic head loss rate newly defined in this graph was in a range between 0 and 1. The zero of the rate means the existence of flow with no seepage resistance. The 1 of the rate means no seepage flow through the ground. The closer to 1 the coefficient of determinant in the hydraulic head loss graph is, the more the ground through which seepage water flows is stable. The closer to 0 the coefficient of determinant in the hydraulic head loss graph is, the more the ground through which seepage water flows was unstable and the higher the possibilities of existence of empty space or of occurrence of piping on the seepage flow pass in the ground is. The hydraulic head loss graph makes it possible to monitor sensitively the situation of seepage flow state, and the graph helps to understand easily the seepage flow state at the specific section on the whole cofferdam.

3개 저수지 유입시 정상상태 만관흐름해석

  • Won, Seo-Yong;Bok, Choi-Chae
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2007.05a
    • /
    • pp.810-814
    • /
    • 2007
  • 최근 제방개수 혹은 하폭확장과 같은 기왕의 제방대책을 적용하기 힘든 도시지역의 홍수피해 저감방안의 일환으로 개수로 혹은 지하터널 형식의 방수로와 같은 구조적 대안이 제시되고 있다. 현재 국내에서 검토되고 있는 방수로의 형식은 주로 유입부와 유출부의 양 지점 수두차에 의한 만관 상태의 흐름형식이다. 본 연구에서는 수두차에 의한 만관 상태의 흐름을 가지고 있으며, 3개 지점이상의 유입부를 가진 지하터널 형식의 방수로 계획시 마찰손실, 유입손실, 만곡부손실 등을 고려하여 유입부, 유출부 지점 계획에 따른 터널의 연장, 직경 등 제원 결정을 위하여 기존에 제시되어 있는 2개 저수지 유입시 정상상태 만관 흐름해석방법을 확장하여 3개 이상 저수지 유입시 정상상태 만관 흐름해석을 할 수 있도록 하였다.

  • PDF

Analysis of Stream Characteristics at Combine Junction Manhole Using Fluent Model (Fluent 모형을 이용한 합류 맨홀에서의 흐름특성 분석)

  • Kim, Jung-Soo;Chio, Hyun-Soo;Kim, Hyung-Min;Yoon, Sei-Eui
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2010.05a
    • /
    • pp.649-653
    • /
    • 2010
  • 일반적으로 계획 또는 설계 단계에서 수행되고 있는 관거 시설의 수리계산에는 연결관 내에서의 마찰손실만을 감안하여 수행하고 있으며, 맨홀에서의 에너지 손실은 고려되지 않는 실정이다. 그러나 연결관 내부와 맨홀의 내부는 여러 가지 수리학적 조건이 다르므로 에너지 손실이 발생하게 된다. 더욱이 직선으로 연결된 중간맨홀보다 두 개의 유입관과 한 개의 유출관으로 구성된 합류맨홀은 연결 구조상 유수교란에 의한 에너지 손실이 커질 것으로 예상됨에도 불구하고 현재 실무에서 우수 배수시설의 설계 시 직선 연결맨홀과 합류맨홀의 손실을 구별하지 않고 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 합류맨홀에서 우수 관거 시스템의 우수 배제 능력을 증가시켜 도심지의 침수를 방지하기 위한 관거시설의 적정 설계 기준이 필요하며, 합리적인 설계 기준을 제시하기 위하여 합류 맨홀 내에서의 수두 손실을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리 모형 실험의 물질적, 시간적 한계를 극복하기 위하여 일반적으로 3차원 유체거동의 특성분석에 많이 사용되는 Fluent 6.3 모형을 이용하여 과부하 합류 맨홀에서의 흐름특성을 수치모의 하였으며, 맨홀 내 손실수두의 변화를 계산하여 손실계수를 산정하였다. 계산된 손실계수는 수리모형 실험을 통하여 산정된 손실계수와 비교하였다. 또한 동일한 수치모의 해석 조건을 실제 합류맨홀에 적용하여 실제 합류 맨홀의 규모 변화에 따른 손실계수를 산정하였다. 수치모형의 적용 결과 맨홀 내에서의 유속변화, 수심변화 및 압력변화에 대해서는 수리모형 실험 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있으며, 수치모형에 의하여 산정된 합류 맨홀에서의 손실계수 값과 수리모형에 의하여 산정된 손실계수 값이 거의 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 동일한 수치모의 해석 조건을 실제 합류맨홀에 적용하여 합류맨홀의 규모 변화에 따른 손실계수를 산정하였으며, 산정된 손실계수는 우수관거 시스템의 설계 및 평가에 사용가능하리라 판단된다.

  • PDF

An Estimation of Head Loss Coefficients at Surcharged Manhole with 90 Degree Bend Using Numerical Model (수치모형을 이용한 과부하 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀에서의 손실계수 산정)

  • Kim, Jung-Soo;Lim, Ga-Hui;Han, Chyung-Suck;Yoon, Sei-Eui
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
    • /
    • 2011.05a
    • /
    • pp.165-165
    • /
    • 2011
  • 현재 계획 또는 설계 단계에서 수행되고 있는 관거 시설의 수리계산에는 연결관 내에서의 마찰손실만을 감안하여 수행하고 있으며, 맨홀에서의 에너지 손실은 고려되지 않는 실정이다. 그러나 연결관 내부와 맨홀의 내부는 여러 가지 수리학적 조건이 다르므로 에너지 손실이 발생하게 된다(최원석과 송호면, 2002). 더욱이 직선으로 연결된 중간맨홀보다 유입관과 유출관이 $90^{\circ}$의 각도로 접합된 합류맨홀은 연결 구조상 유수교란에 의한 에너지 손실이 커질 것으로 예상됨에도 불구하고 현재 실무에서 우수 배수시설의 설계 시 직선 연결맨홀과 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀의 손실을 구별하지 않고 사용하고 있는 실정이다. 그러므로 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀에서 우수관거 시스템의 우수 배제 능력을 증가시켜 도심지의 침수를 방지하기 위한 관거시설의 적정 설계 기준이 필요하며, 합리적인 설계 기준을 제시하기 위하여 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀 내에서의 수두 손실을 분석할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 수리모형 실험의 물질적 및 시간적 한계를 극복하기 위하여 일반적으로 3차원 유체거동의 특성분석에 많이 사용되는 Fluent 6.3 모형을 이용하여 과부하 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀에서의 흐름특성을 수치모의 하였으며, 맨홀 내 손실수두의 변화를 계산하여 손실계수를 산정하였다. 맨홀 및 접합 관거의 기하 모형의 격자망은 수치해석의 안정성 확보를 위하여 그림 1과 같이 6면체 격자로 구성하였다. 또한 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀에서 급격한 와류에 의해 발생하는 에너지 손실을 저감하기 위하여 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀의 내부 형상 및 접합 조건을 변화시켜 손실계수를 산정하였다. 수치모형의 적용 결과 맨홀 내에서의 유속변화, 수심변화 및 압력변화에 대해서는 수리모형 실험 결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내고 있으며, 수치모형에 의하여 산정된 $90^{\circ}$ 접합맨홀에서 에서의 손실계수 값과 수리모형에 의하여 산정된 손실계수 값이 거의 유사하게 나타났다.

  • PDF

Characteristics of Depth Filtration for Various Filter-Bed Configurations (심층여과지의 여층구성에 따른 여과특성 비교)

  • An, Jong-Ho;Yun, Jae-Heung
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
    • /
    • v.34 no.5
    • /
    • pp.459-472
    • /
    • 2001
  • The objective of this study is to evaluate the filtration efficiency of deep-bed filters by comparing to single and dual media filters. Pilot-plant tests using four-filter columns were conducted for the comparison of head loss development and filtered water quality. The dual-media filter showed greater initial head loss, but less rate of head-loss development than those of the coarse-sand-0deep-bed filters. For 180 m/day of filtration rate, the dual-media filter produces larger unit production rate by 30-40%, and the turbidities of filtered water were below 0.1 NTU. The initial breakthrough could be effectively controlled by the dual-media filter rather than coarse-sand-deep-bed filters.

  • PDF

A Study on Applicability of Coagulant Mixer and Flow Analysis of the Non-powered Vortex Mixer using CFD (전산유체역학(CFD)을 이용한 무동력 와류 혼화장치의 유동해석 및 응집제 혼화장치 적용 가능성 연구)

  • Kim, Soo Yeon;Chae, Jong Seong;Kim, Sin Young;Zhang, Meng Yu;Ohm, Tea In
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
    • /
    • v.39 no.12
    • /
    • pp.706-713
    • /
    • 2017
  • This study compared and analyzed the water treatment efficiency and the applicability of water treatment plant using the existing Mechanical Rapid-Mixer by introducing the Non-powered Vortex Mixer to the domestic water treatment plant. For this study, fluid flow characteristics and head loss of a Non-powered Vortex Mixer are calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)respectively. The head loss rate inside the mixer was 11.30% when the inflow velocity was 0.5 m/sec, 16.27% at 0.6 m/sec and 21.44% at 0.7 m/sec, the head loss rapidly increased at the optimal velocity of 0.5 m/sec. For the inflow velocity of 0.5 m/sec, the turbulent intensity at the inlet was 2.37% and at the outlet was 7.83%, so there was sufficient mixing strength for the particulate matter and the coagulant. The result of the water quality of the treatment plants with the inflow velocity of 0.38 m/sec that was operated in three years after replacing all 12 units of the existing Rapid-Mixer with the Non-powered Mixer met the standards. Hence, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption of 64,143 ~ 65,306 kWh/year since the Rapid-Mixer is replaced by the Non-powered Vortex Mixer.

A Study of Head Loss with Geometry Modification of Bifurcation (수압 분기관 형상 변화에 따른 수두손실 고찰)

  • Kang, Seung-Kyu;Yoon, Joon-Yong;Kang, Sin-Hyoung;Sung, Nak-Won
    • 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2005.12a
    • /
    • pp.789-795
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study proposes a modified bifurcation model with a computational fluid analysis according to variation of a bifurcation geometry. FLUENT is used for a calculation of the head losses in case of a generation and a pumping. The pressure, velocity field and turbulent intensity are simulated in a bifurcation. With consideration about these flow properties, we propose the modified model to improve a flow efficiency and reduce a sound. The proposed model is able to cut down a head loss by 45% when a generation and 36% when a pumping.

  • PDF