• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.531-543
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• 2009

This study identified what cognitive attributes are required of eighth graders to solve geometrical problems such as 'Recall,' 'Analyze,' 'Justify,' 'Synthesize/Integrate,' and 'Solve Non-routine Problems' by using the cognitive diagnostic theory. The five attributes are proved as the skills for solving the geometric problems. Many students have not fully mastered the attributes of 'Justify' and 'Synthesize/Integrate'. There was high correlation between these attributes. 'Analyze' best predicted the changes in the geometric achievement. And while students with high levels of geometrical achievement have mastered all the five attributes, those in the mid- and low-level range of performance have mastered fewer attributes.

• (The)Korea Educational Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.183-204
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• 2017

Since the development of Smart technology and the advent of various Smart media, a learning environment for individual learners and the school has been changing. In the stream of changing learning environments, in 2011, the government announced SMART education strategies, introducing the term officially, "SMART education." With the governments' efforts to develop and implement SMART education in school, many policies has been enacted and many research has been conducted and increased gradually. However, as policies of SMART education have initiated in situation where there is no clear understanding in regard of SMART education, many researchers and teachers confused of SMART education and its identity and attributes, even though it has been 6 years since the concept was introduced. Unfortunately, SMART education has been implemented as one type of instructional methodology as utilizing Smart technology. Thus, in this research, we tried to build theoretical foundation of SMART education through analyzing former research on SMART education to define the attributes of SMART education. To examine how SMART education has been implemented in terms of its attributes, also, we analyzed research that conducted instructional design and implementation on SMART education in actual learning environments. As the results of former research analysis, the attributes of SMART education include Information and Communication Technology, open learning environment, self-directed learning, customized learning, and social learning. In majority of research, SMART education focused on utilizing Smart technology and media in teaching and learning environments but self-directed, and customized learning were less adapted in SMART learning environments. In the following research, how to improve educational benefits of SMART education through adapting original attributes of SMART education need to be examined.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.528-530
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• 2022

심층강화학습에 완전 연결 신경망과 합성곱 신경망은 잘 활용되는 것에 반해 순환 신경망은 잘 활용되지 않는다. 이는 강화학습이 마르코프 속성을 전제로 하기 때문이다. 지금까지의 강화학습은 환경이 마르코프 속성을 만족하도록 사전 작업이 필요했다, 본 논문에서는 마르코프 속성을 따르지 않는 환경에서 이러한 사전 작업 없이도 순환 신경망의 은닉 상태를 통해 마르코프 속성을 학습함으로써 학습 성능을 개선할 수 있다는 것을 소개한다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.267-275
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• 2015

This research purports to find out the characteristics of Korean students cognitive attributes and compare it with that of high-achieving countries who took TIMSS 2011 based on the Cognitive Diagnostic Theory. Based on TIMSS 2011 Science framework, nine cognitive attributes were extracted and the researcher analyzed that 216 of the TIMSS 2011 science items require these attributes. This analysis was conducted to come up with a Q-matrix. After producing the Q-matrix, multi-level IRT was used to figure out each countries' characteristics for each of the cognitive attribute. According to the study results, four attributes, such as 'Use Models,' 'Interpret Information,' 'Draw Conclusions,' and 'Evaluate and justify' were easier attributes for Korean middle school students. However, the other five attributes such as 'Recall/Recognize', 'Explain', 'Classify', 'Integrate', 'Hypothesize and Design' were considered as harder attributes compared to other countries. Korean students also considered 'Interpret Information' as the easiest attributes, and 'Explain' as the hardest attributes of all. For Korean students, those attributes considered to be easy were the easiest and hard attributes as the hardest compared to other countries, showing very extreme cases. Therefore, to give students more meaningful learning experience, it is better to use all the attributes altogether rather than use specific attributes while constructing Science curriculum or textbooks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.304-306
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• 2013

선박의 대형화, 고속화로 인한 해난 사고 증가에 대응하기 위해 전자해도 도입이 되었다. 전자해도는 속성정보와 공간정보로 구성되는 안전을 위한 GIS 데이터다. 전자해도 객체는 200여 가지로 각 객체별 다양한 속성으로 구성된다. 국제수로기구는 전자해도 객체에 포함되는 속성값 입력을 표준적으로 수행하기 위해 전자해도 객체 입력 지침(Use of Object Catalogue)를 정의 하였다. 전자해도 제작을 위해서 전자해도 객체지침서 교육이 필요하며, 교육 시에는 UOC가 사용되었다. 한편, UOC의 교육 효율성을 높이기 위해서 많은 요구사항이 제안 되었다. 본 연구에서는 UOC의 교육 효율성을 높이기 위해 지원 도구를 설계 및 개발 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.99-101
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• 2014

불안정한 네트워크 환경 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안된 Delay Tolerant Network(DTN)에서는 안정적인 통신을 위해 저장 및 전달(store-carry-forward) 방식의 라우팅 프로토콜을 사용한다. 이중 노드의 속성 정보를 이용하여 추후 네트워크 상황을 예측하고 라우팅을 하는 예측 기반 라우팅 프로토콜은 GPS와 같은 위치 서비스의 발전으로 인해 DTN에 효과적으로 적용 될 수 있다. 이러한 예측 기반 라우팅 프로토콜에서는 중계 노드의 효율성이 네트워크의 상황에 따라 달라지기 때문에 위치 서비스를 통해 받는 노드의 속성 정보를 분석하는 연구가 제시되어야 한다. 본 논문은 노드의 속성 정보를 네트워크의 환경 정보에 따라 분석하여 효율적인 중계 노드를 선택하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 노드의 속도, 방향, 위치 등의 속성 정보를 네트워크의 정보에 따라 가중치를 두어 다양한 네트워크 환경에서 더 효율적인 노드를 선택할 수 있도록 한다. 본 논문은 제안하는 알고리즘을 사용한 라우팅 프로토콜이 기존 라우팅 프로토콜에 비해 전송률, 지연시간, 오버헤드 측면에서 향상됨을 검증한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.106-108
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 노드의 로드밸런싱 속성을 이용하여 분산경로를 설정하는 L.T(Load Tolerance)알고리즘을 제안한다. 모바일 애드 혹 네트워크(Mobile Ad hoc Network)는 유동성을 가진 노드들로 구성된 네트워크로 토폴로지의 변화가 빈번하여, 기존 알고리즘에서는 라우팅 경로를 유지하기 위한 계층적 네트워크연구가 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 계층적 네트워크에서 특정 클러스터 헤드노드에게 로드밸런싱이 집중될 경우, 클러스터 헤드노드의 제한된 로드밸런싱을 초과되어 통신이 단절된다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 유효한 통신 반경 안에 존재하는 클러스터 헤드노드들의 로드밸런싱을 측정한다. 클러스터 헤드노드의 로드밸런싱이 높을 경우, 소속된 클러스터 멤버노드는 클러스터 헤드노들의 로드밸런싱과 동적속성을 분석하여 L.T 속성을 계산하며, 계산된 L.T 속성을 이용하여, 노드의 분산경로를 설정한다. 모의실험을 통해 클러스터 헤드노드의 로드 밸런싱이 높을 경우, 로드밸런싱이 낮은 분산 경로를 제공함에 따라 향상된 패킷 전송률을 보일 것으로 기대된다.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2002

By entering the information society, the trend of increasing use of the cyber education to deliver high-Quality educational programs is likely to continue. For instance, supported by the government agencies, central officials training institute is expending vast amounts of money for the installation of cyber education programs. However, much of the research that has been done concerns the discrepancy between the potential and the actual use of technology in the field of education and training. The intent of this study was to identify the decision of the adoption of cyber education among national officials who had just peceived the existence the cyber education programs which would be used for their professional training and development, and to investigate the relationships between the Rogers' five attributes of innovation (relative advantage, compatibility, easy of use, observability, trialiability) and their decision of adoption. The results of the study generally concurred with Rogers diffusion of innovation theory revealing that perceived compatibility, easy of use, and observability of cyber education are significant predictors of decision to participate in cyber education.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-159
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors which promoting career development of scientist and engineer laborforce. We made up three logit analysis models to figure out the factors affecting the career of scientist and engineer laborforce. Dependent variables were composed of job attributes in 2011, current job attribute, changing of working conditions, efforts of job seeking, university education, and personal characters. Three analysis model were composed of demand side model which including job attributes factors, supply side model which focus on employment or university education characters and total model including the demand and the supply factors. The results showed a stable career to the development of scientist and engineer laborforce's job attributes on the demand side than the supply side, such as a college education even more important. After all, the initial stable jobs and good matching policy were the most important policies to be seated in the science and engineering professions.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.51-69
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• 2012

The cognition of an intrinsic attribute play an important role in the process of theoretical generalization. It is the aim of this paper to study how the theoretical generalization is made. First of all, we suggest the What-if-only-strategy(WIOS) which is the strategy helping the cognition of an intrinsic attribute. And we propose the process of the theoretical generalization that go on the cognitive stage, WIOS stage, conjecture stage, justification stage and insight into an intrinsic attribute in order. We propose the process of generalization adding the concrete process cognizing an intrinsic attribute to the existing process of generalization. And we applied the proposed process of generalization to two mathematical theorem which is being managed in middle school. We got a conclusion that the what-if-only strategy is an useful method of generalization for the proposition. We hope that the what-if-only strategy is helpful for both teaching and learning the mathematical generalization.