• Title/Summary/Keyword: 소화율

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Effects of Extruding Process of Soybean Meal on the Dietary Digestibility of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (대두박의 엑스트루더 처리가 무지개송어의 소화흡수율에 미치는 영향)

  • JEONG Kwan-Sik
    • Journal of Aquaculture
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 1992
  • Digestion rates of protein, carbohydrate, and lipid in the two kinds of extruding processed soybean meals, heated (H-SBM) and raw (R-SBM), were tested for evaluate the effectiveness of soybean meal in the rainbow trout diet. The relation between digestion rate of protein and trypsin inhibitor (TI) was also determined. The protein digestion rate of both H-SBM and R-SBM were increased up to $95{\%}$ by extruding process compared to the none treated soybean meal. The digestion rate of carbohydrate in R-SBM was increased by extruding process whereas the one in H-SBM was not. The activity of trypsin inhibitor was almost diminished by the extruding process and digestion rate of dietary protein was improved. However, the reason of this improvement was not clear whether caused by the deactivation of trypsin inhibitor.

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The Characteristics of Alkaline Pretreatment Methods of Cellulosic Biomass (섬유소계 바이오매스의 분별을 위한 다양한 알칼리 전처리 특성)

  • Kim, Jun Seok
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.303-307
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    • 2013
  • This study compares the efficacy of soaking and percolation pretreatments with alkaline solutions for lignocellulosic biomass. Various biomass such as rice straw and barley were pretreated by soaking processes in various alkaline solutions including sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia and sodium carbonate. The enzymatic digestibility of rice straw and barley that had been pretreated by soaking in aqueous ammonia was over 80%. Eucalyptus residue, Larix leptolepis and Pinus rigida exhibited relatively low enzymatic digestibility. Nevertheless, the enzymatic digestibility of pretreated eucalyptus residue was increased by five times compared to that of the initial biomass. And, the enzymatic digestibility of the percolation pretreated eucalyptus residue was increased 12 times.

Effects of Fermented Diets Including Liquid By-products on Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Growing Pigs (착즙부산물을 이용한 발효사료가 육성돈의 영양소 소화율 및 질소균형에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Je-Hyun;Jung, Hyun-Jung;Kim, Dong-Woon;Lee, Sung-Dae;Kim, Sang-Ho;Kim, In-Cheul;Kim, In-Ho;Ohh, Sang-Jip;Cho, Sung-Back
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fermented diets including liquid by-products on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in growing pigs. Treatments were 1) CON (basal diet), 2) F (fermented diet with basal diet), 3) KF (fermented diet with basal diet including 30% kale pomace), 4) AF (fermented diet with basal diet including 30% angelica keiskei pomace), 5) CF (fermented diet with basal diet including 30% carrot pomace) and 6) OF (fermented diet with basal diet including 30% grape pomace). A total of 24 pigs (41.74kg average initial body weight, Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Duroc), were assigned to 6 treatments, 4 replicates and 1 pig per metabolic cage in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. Pigs were housed in $0.5\times1.3m$ metabolic cage in a 17d digestibility trial. During the entire experimental period, Digestibility of dry matter (p<0.05) of treatment CON, F and CF were higher than other treatments. In crude protein digestibility, treatment F was higher than treatment AF and GF (p<0.05). Treatment GF showed the lowest digestibility of crude fiber among all treatments (p<0.05). In ether extract digestibility, treatment AF and CF showed higher than other treatments (p<0.05) except KF treatment. CF treatment showed the best digestibility of ash among all treatments (p<0.05). Whereas, For Ca and P digestibility, CF and OF treatments were improved than other treatments (p<0.05). Energy digestibility (p<0.05) of CON, F and CF treatments were higher than KF, AF and GF treatments. In total essential amino acid digestibility, F treatment was improved than AF, CF and GF treatments (p<0.05). In total non-essential amino acid digestibility, F treatment was higher than CON, AF and GF treatments (p<0.05). In total amino acid digestibility, F treatment was higher than AF and CF treatments (p<0.05) and GF treatment showed the lowest digestibility (p<0.05). In fecal nitrogen excretion ratio, GF treatment was greatest among all treatments (p<0.05) and F treatment was decreased than other treatments (p<0.05). In urinary nitrogen excretion ratio, CON and GF treatments showed the lowest among all treatments (p<0.05). In nitrogen retention ratio, CON treatment showed the high and KF treatment showed the lost among all treatments (p<0.05). Therefore, this experiment suggested that fermented diet could improve nutrient and amino acid digestibilities of growing pigs.

Changes of the Microbial Population and Determination of Pepsin and In vitro Digestibilities of Pasteurized and Cured Food Wastes (살균${\cdot}$숙성된 남은 음식물의 공정별 미생물 분포 및 Pepsin과 In vitro 소화율 평가)

  • Baik, Y. H.;Ji, K. S.;Kwak, W. S.
    • Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.125-134
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to evaluate changes of microbial population, pepsin digestibility of protein and in vitro digestibility of nutrients of food waste mixture pasteurized and cured using a rotary drum system. A pasteurization process (30 min at $80^{\circ}C$) tended to decrease microbial populations and eliminated (P<0.05) molds in food waste mixture. The subsequent curing process increased (P<0.05) lactic acid bacteria counts which were reduced by the heated pasteurization process. The heated pasteurization process decreased (P<0.05) pepsin digestibility of protein in food waste mixture. In vitro digestibilities of dry matter and organic matter were high in the order of bakery by-product, wheat bran, food waste (=barley bran). These results indicate that food waste mixture pasteurized and cured using a semi-dehydration rotary drum system may be an effective animal feed resource.

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Studies on the Improvement of Utility Value of Corn Grains by Different Processing Methods I. Effects of Different Corn Processing Methods on In situ and In vitro Digestibilities in Hanwoo (옥수수 알곡의 가공처리에 의한 영양소 이용성 향상에 관한 연구 I. 한우에 있어서 옥수수 알곡의 가공처리가 In situ 및 In vitro 소화율에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, W.Y;Kim, H.W.;Lee, J.H.
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.116-131
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    • 2001
  • Experiments were conducted to determine effects of whole and processed corns on in situ disappearance rates of nutrients in the rumen and in vitro degradability of dry matter by rumen microorganisms. Whole corn(WC) was processed into four different types; ground corn(GC), cracked corn(CC), flaked corn(FC), and soaked corn(SC). In the in situ experiment, the rate of ruminal DM disappearance after 48 hour incubation was highest in GC(76.1%) and lowest in WC and SC(12% ; P<0.01). The rate of ruminal CP disappearance after 48 hour incubation was highest in GC and CC(48 and 38%, respectively; P<0.01). The rate of ruminal OM disappearance after 48 hour incubation was highest in GC(76.14%) and lowest in WC and SC(11.82 and 12.26%, respectively; P<0.01). In the in vitro experiment, the two-stage incubation technique was used to measure digestibilities of whole and processed corns. The digestibility of DM was higher in GC, CC and FC(86.95, 85.84 and 82.29%, respectively) than in WC(15.36%; P<0.01).

Comparison of Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility, and Nitrogen Balance in Spotted Deer (Cervus nippon) fed Forest by-product Silage, Arrowroot (Pueraria thunvegiana) Silage and Oak Browse (Quercus aliena) Hay (꽃사슴에 있어서 육림부산물 사일리지, 칡 사일리지 및 갈잎건초 급여에 따른 건물채식량, 소화율 및 질소출납의 비교)

  • Jeon, B.T.;Kim, Y.H.;Lee, S.M.;Kim, K.H.;Moon, S.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2002
  • A comparison of intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance in spotted deer(Cervus nippon) fed forest by-product silage(FBS), arrowroot silage(ARS) and oak leaf hay(OLH) was made to examine the feeding value of forest by-product silage. Dry matter digestibility of ARS was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) than that of OLH while crude protein digestibility was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) in ARS and FBS than in OLH. The digestibility of crude fiber was highest in FBS. Dry matter intake of OLH was significantly higher(p$<$0.05) than that of ARS, and there was no significant difference with FBS. Nitrogen intake was higher in OLH and ARS than in FBS, but there was no significant difference. Fecal nitrogen was highest(p$<$0.05) in OLH and urinary nitrogen was highest(p$<$0.05) in ARS. Retained nitrogen was highest in FBS, however, there was no significant difference among treatments. In Conclusion. FBS was estimated as a useful roughage source for deer, showing high digestibility, dry matter intake and nitrogen utilization.

Effects of Supplementary Levels of Deep-stacked Broiler Litter on Digestibility, Dry Matter Intake, and Nitrogen Balance by Male Spotted Deer(Cervus Nippon) (육계분 발효사료의 첨가수준이 숫꽃사슴의 소화율, 건물채식량 및 질소출납에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, B. T.;Kwak, W. S.;Kang, S. K.;Lee, S. M.;Moon, S. H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.79-86
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    • 2003
  • To determine nutritive value and suitability of deep-stacked broiler litter for deer, the influence of supplementary levels of broiler litter on digestibility, dry matter intake, and nitrogen balance was investigated in male spotted deer (Cervus nippon) fed a commercial mixed(complete) ration. The deep-stacked and ground broiler litter was supplemented at the level of 0%(Control), 15%(T1) and 30%(T2) on the basis of fresh matter to the mixed ration. All treatments had similar palatability at about 3% body weight of dry matter intake. Dry matter digestibility was highest in Control and lowest in T2(P<0.05). Digestibility of crude protein was lowest(P<0.05) in T2. Dry matter and digestible dry matter intake was similar in all treatments. Daily body weight gain was not affected by treatments. Feeding 15 or 30% of broiler litter to male deer resulted in similar nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen excretion and daily nitrogen retention(g/d), compared with feeding Control. These results suggest that up to 30% of broiler litter may be fed to male deer without deleterious effects on deer performance.

Effects of Intake on Digestibility of Grass Silage Harvested at Different Cutting Dates (예취시기를 달리한 Silage의 섭취량이 소화율에 미치는 영향)

  • 성경일;김창주;김동암
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.176-179
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    • 1985
  • Digestion trials were conducted to evaluate intake and digestibility of grass harvested at different dates. Silage was prepared from first-growth forage (predominantly timothy) which cutting dates; 4 June (vegetative, called early-cut) and 30 June (heading, called late-cut). The silage was fed to wethers at restricted and ad libitum levels of intake. The crude protein and crude fat of silage decreased with advancing maturity, while contents of fibre increased. DM intake of early-cut and late-cut silage were $99g/W_{kg}^{0.75}\;and\;75g/W_{kg}^{0.75}$, respectively. In digestibility and TDN, significant differences (p<0.01) between early-cut and late-cut silage were found. There was no significant difference in DM digestibility of early-cut silage between restricted and ad libitum feeding, but DM digestibility was decreased markedly in ad libitum feeding that out of account in fecal condition. Digestibility of all composition in early-cut silage, except for hemicellulose, was not observed with increasing levels of intake. Digestibility of crude protein, NDF and hemicellulose in late-cut silage were decreased (p<0.05) in ad libitum when compared with restricted feeding. Results of this study suggest that digestibility of early and late forages harvested as silage varies with levels of intake. Thus, relationship levels of intake and digestibility must be considered cautiously.

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섭취방법에 의한 polymannuronate의 생리효과 비교

  • 김인혜;이동수;남택정
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.107-108
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    • 2003
  • 갈조류 알긴산은 혈청 지질 조성의 개선효과 등 기능성과 관련하여 많은 보고들이 있다. 흰쥐에 대한 급이 실험에서 알긴산이 혈청 및 간장 지질의 콜레스테롤 농도를 현저히 감소 시킨다고 하였고, 건조 다시마 분말을 흰쥐에 급이한 결과 체중과 사료의 소화율이 감소하고 소장, 대장 및 맹장 등의 소화기관의 증대 및 체중과 사료의 소화율 감소에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있다. (중략)

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