• Title/Summary/Keyword: 소포제

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A Study on the Eco-Toxicity of Silicone-Based Antifoaming Agents Discharging into Marine Environments (해양으로 배출되는 실리콘계 소포제의 생태독성 연구)

  • Kim, Tae Won;Kim, Young Ryun;Park, MiOk;Jeon, MiHae;Son, Min Ho
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2019
  • In order to understand the effects of the main components of antifoaming agents on the marine benthic ecosystem when silicone-based antifoaming agents are discharged into marine environments, eco-toxicity testing was performed on silicone and alcohol-based antifoaming agent by using benthic amphipod (Monocorophium acherusicum) and luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri). The toxic effects of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a main component of silicone-based antifoaming agents on aquatic organisms were also researched. In the results of the eco-toxicity test, luminescent bacteria showed a maximum of 9 times more toxic effects than benthic amphipod for alcohol-based antifoaming agents, and silicone-based antifoaming agents showed a maximum of 400 times more toxic effects than alcohol-based. The $LC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ values of PDMS ranged from 10 to $44,500{\mu}g/L$ in phytoplankton, invertebrate, and fish. In the results of applying PBT (P: persistency, B: bioaccumulation, T: toxicity) characteristics as an index showing the qualitative characteristics of PDMS, persistency (P) and bioaccumulation (B) were confirmed. Thus, when PDMS is discharged to marine environments, it could accumulate in the upper trophic level through bioaccumulation and the food chain, which could have negative effects on benthic organisms. The results of this study may be used for objective and scientific risk assessment, considering the major components of antifoaming agents when investigating the effects of various discharged antifoaming agents in marine ecosystem.

Quantitative Analysis of Silicone Oil in Antifoaming Agent (소포제중 실리콘 오일의 함량에 대한 분석)

  • Kim, Kyeong Sook;Yang, Seug Ran;LIm, Chun Sik;Park, Hyun Joo
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.44 no.4
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    • pp.337-342
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    • 2000
  • Many kinds of experiments were performed for the quality control of antifoaming agents used in thermal power pIants of KEPCO. We tried to establish more convenient ans more accurate quantitative analytical method to determine the amount of silicone oil in silicone oil type antifoaming agent regardless of the amount and/or the type of involved surface active agents. First, the amount of silicone oil was measured by gravimetric method or centrifugal method using very simple apparatus, and then was compared to the results of FT-lR spectroscopy. The centrifugal method was turned out a poor method depending upon the recovery test and virtual experiments. Some antifoaming agents showed very similar results between gravimetric method and spectroscopic methods, and the others gave very different results. We concluded that FT-lR spectroscopy is the most convenient and reliable methodto determine the amounts of silicone oil in the antifoaming agents.

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Effect of Surfactant and Anti-foaming Agent on the Properties of Silicone Rubber Impression Material (계면활성제와 소포제가 실리콘 고무인상재의 물성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Nam;Cho, Lee-Ra;Oh, Young-Il;Kang, Seung-Kyung;Chung, Kyung-Ho
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.102-110
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    • 2001
  • The three types of surfactants such as nonylphenoxy poly(ethylene) ethanol homologues, caster oil poly(ethylene) ethanol homologues, and sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylates are used to improve the wettability of rubber impression material. Among the surfactants, the usage of sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylates containing fluoro group resulted in the lowest surface energy of impression material and the result gave the positive effect on the wettability of rubber impression material to teeth. Also, the anti-foaming agents were used to reduce or remove the hydrogen gas generating on the impression material by reaction. In the case of rubber impression material containing sodium perfluoroalkyl carboxylate as a surfactant, it was found that the tear strength of rubber impression material increased over 3 N/mm with the addition of anti-forming agent. Therefore, the anti-foaming agent could contribute to the mechanical property of rubber impression material without the change of surface property.

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Antifoaming Properties for Aliphatic Antifoamer Formula (지방족 소포제 조성물의 소포특성)

  • Jeong, Noh-Hee;Park, Gor-Soon;Park, Joon-Suk;Nam, Ki-Dae
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.147-153
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    • 1999
  • As main components of antifoamers, we were used fatty alcohols, fatty acid and fatty acid esters. Then the antifoaming properties on the particle size distribution, temperature and concentration for antifoamers was measured by Air Injection Method of ASTM under 1L/min air flow rate condition, and was measured surface tensions and emulsifying power of antifoamers. The antifoaming properties on the particle size distribution of antifoamers showed excellent antifoaming properties in the range of emulsion particle size from 5.5 to 6.8${\mu}m$. Surface tensions on the $10^{-2}$wt% aqueous solution of antifoamers was $33{\sim}34$ mN/m. And emulsifying power of fatty alcohol antifoamers showed good.

Preparation and Antifoaming Properties of Long Chain Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (고급지방산 메틸 에스테르류의 합성 및 소포특성)

  • Park, Jong-Kwon;Kim, A-Ram;Hwang, Jun-Bae;Jeong, Noh-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.72-77
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    • 2015
  • In this study, anti-foaming agents of a fatty acid methyl esters was synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR and $^1H-NMR$ spectroscopy. Synthesized material of characteristic of -C=O group having a $1740cm^{-1}$ and -C-O group $1175cm^{-1}$ peak by using FT-IR, and it was confirmed that k. Surface tensions were measured by surface tensiometer CBVP-43. Their surface tension values was 17.7 to 21 dyne/cm. Anti-foaming abilities in the SLS solution was measured through the Ross-Miles method. Performance of the 4 type of anti-foaming agent was determined and the best anti-foaming agent was prepared using stearic acid methyl.

The Ultrastructure of the Cutaneous Cells in Rana temporaria dybowskii Guenther (북방산개구리 피부 색소세포의 미세구조)

  • Kim, Han-Hwa;Chi, Young-Duk;Moon, Young-Wha
    • The Korean Journal of Zoology
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.137-150
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    • 1985
  • The dorsal skin of Rana temporaria dybowskii Guenther was examined under electron microscope. The results of the fine structures in the xanthophores, iridophores and melanophores were as follows: Xanthophores: Xanthophores were filled with pterinosomes and carotenoid vesicles. Type I pterinosomes had a clear limiting membrane. Type II pterinosomes had the inner fibrous structures. Tyep III pterinosomes were characterized by a few superficial lamellae and type IV pterinosomes by multiple concentric lamellae. Especially typical type II and type III pterinosomes were evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. Iridophores: Iridophores were situated between a xanthophore and a melanophore in the outer part of the dermis just below the basement membrane. Iridophores were filled with reflective platelets, each of which is rectangular and convex lens-like in shape. These platelets were closely contiguous and leave no interspace between them. Endoplasmic reticulum and a few mitochondria were observed in the supranuclear cytoplasm. Melanophores: Dermal melanophores contained numerous melanosomes. The dendritic precesses of the melanophore containing the melanin granules extented up the lateral sides of the iridophore. Epidermal melanophores were filled with melanin granules which appered as the same electron density. A few melanin granules were observed in a cornified surface cell.

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Strength Development and Permeability of Latex-Modified Concrete with Rapid-Setting Cement (초속경시멘트를 이용한 라텍스개질 콘크리트의 강도 및 투수특성)

  • 윤경구;홍창우;이주형;최상릉
    • Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.299-306
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this research was to develop a rapid setting cement latex modified concrete (RSLMC) for bridge deck repairing and overlaying. The main experimental variables were latex contents, antifoamer contents and water-cement ratioes. The workability, strength development and permeability were measured as responses. The results showed that latex content increased the slump and reduced the unit water required for same workability. The air contents were measured as 8.0∼9.0% and 2.0∼3.0% without antifoamer and with 1.6∼3.2% of antifoamer, respectively. This resulted in the increment of compressive strength development by 10∼20 %. The flexural strength of RSLMC increased greatly as the latex content increased, but not in compressive strength. The compressive strength and flexural strength developed enough for opening the overlayed RSLMC to the traffic after 3 hours of RSLMC placement. The permeability of RSLMC was evaluated as negligible due to its very low charge passed. Thus, RSLMC could be used at repairing or overlaying the concrete bridge deck at fast-track job sites.

A Study on the Properties and Preparation of Silicon-based Defoamer Used in the Purification of Wasted-Water Extruded in the Paper-Fabrication (제지공장의 폐수처리에 사용되는 실리콘계 소포제의 제조 및 물성에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Sang-goo;Lee, Nae-Taek
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.614-619
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    • 2005
  • The water-soluble defoamers were fabricated by the mixing polyol, modified silicon resin, silicon resin and surfactant. For the defoamers, the various properties such as phase-separation time, viscosity and defoamerability were examined. The phase-saparation time of PPG mixtures was found to be PPG 400>PPG 3,000>PPG 1000. When PPG 1000 was mixed, mixtures represented the excellent defoamerability. The phase-saparation time of silicon resin mixtures was TSF-451-350>TSF-451-200>TSF-451-50. As more of high molecular silicon resin was mixed, the resulting mixtues showed reduced defoamerability. When the TSF-451-50 was mixed, the mixture's volume was increased because of the reduction of solubility. The modified silicon resin was smoothly dispersed in water, but the compatibility with PPG was not good. The defoamerability of surfactant was SPAN 20>SPAN 60>SPAN 80. SPAN 80 showed good miscibility for the silicon resin, but not good for YAS 6406 or PPG 1000.

Effect of Antifoam Agents on $\Delta^1$-Dehydrogenation of Hydrocortisone (Hydrocortisonee 의 $\Delta^1$-Dehydrogenation 에서 소포제의 영향)

  • Chung, Bong-Hyun;Son, Jung-Duk;Park, Young-Hoon
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.219-223
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    • 1989
  • Effect of antifoam agents, silicone oil and neolin 302, was investigated on the production of prodnisolone by microbial $\Delta$$^1$-Dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone. The microbial process was conduct-ed by using a pseudo-crystallofermentation. By the hydrophobic-hydrophobic interaction, the steroid crystals aggregated with the antifoam agents. The aggregation resulted in a decrease of total mass transter area of substrate particles which is proportional to the dissolution rate of the solid substrate, and it consequently led to a significant decrease of the bioconversion rate. The bioconversion with neolin proceeded more slowly than with silicone oil. Increase of the concentration of the antifoam agents also yielded a significant decrease of the bioconversion rate.

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