• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.6 no.3 s.22
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• pp.37-45
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• 2006

In this study, displacement ductility capacity and plastic hinge regions of reinforced concrete multi-column bent with different transverse reinforcement ratio are investigated. The ductility increases remarkably as transverse reinforcement ratio increase and the multi-column bent loaded along transverse direction is more ductile. The plastic hinge length for special detailing requirements of transverse reinforcement is estimated. For high target ductility, plastic hinge length for confinement should be extended with increased transverse reinforcement ratio. The plastic hinge length of multi-column bent loaded along transverse direction is shorter than that along longitudinal direction, because of the different moment distribution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.516-519
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• 1999

스위칭 전원에 사용되는 Mn-Zn 페라이트에 대항하는 고성능화의 요구에 부응하기 위해 그 중요한 요인이 되는 기수가 다른 Mn 산화물에 착목하여 그것들을 이용 제작한 Mn-Zn 페라이트의 자기특성 및 결정구조를 정밀하게 조사함과 동시에 그것들의 상관성을 검토하였다. Mn-Zn 페라이트의 소성 분위기의 변경방식은 소성개시에서 종료시까지 질소 분위기, 냉각시부터 질소분위기로 변경, 소성 개시에서 종료시까지 대기중 소성 세가지를 실험하였고, 소성 온도는 115$0^{\circ}C$, 120$0^{\circ}C$, 125$0^{\circ}C$ 130$0^{\circ}C$ 135$0^{\circ}C$ 및 140$0^{\circ}C$의 6종류의 시료를 제작하였다. 이 결과는 Mn-Zn 페라이트의 소성 분위기 및 온도 최적화는 승온 및 온도 유지 단계에서는 대기중으로, 냉각단계에서는 질소가스 분위기로 치환한 것과 소성 온도는 120$0^{\circ}C$ 이다. 이 분위기에서 Mn-Zn 페라이트를 가수를 다르게 하여 시료의 투자율 및 주파수 특성, 코아로스 주파수 의존성, 코아로스 주파수로 나눈값의 주파수 의존성, 스피넬 구조(311)의 면에서의 회절픽, 자화의 온도 의존성을 분석하였다. 이 결과는 Mn$_3$O$_4$를 출발원료로 사용한 Mn-Zn 페라이트가 투자율 및 한계 주파수 모두 뛰어난 특성을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2008

Cohesive and frictional materials such as concrete and soil are pressure dependent. In general, failure criterion for such materials inclined with respect to positive hydrostatic axis in Haigh-Westergaard stress space. Consequently, inelastic volumetric strain always positive with associated flow rule. In this study, to overcome this shortcoming, non-associated flow rule which controls volumetric component of plastic flow is adopted. Numerical analysis based on a constitutive model using nonuniform hardening plasticity with five parameter failure criterion and non-associated flow rule has conducted to predict concrete behavior under multi-axial stress state and verified with experimental result.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.735-746
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• 2002

The task of plastic theory is twofold: first, to set up relationships between stress and strain that adequately describe the observed plastic deformation of metals, and second, to develop techniques for using these relationships in studying of the mechanics of metal forming processes, and the anlaysis and design of structures. One of the major problems in the theory of plasticity is to describe the behavior of work-hardening materials in the plastic range for complex loading histories. This can be achieved by formulating constitutive laws either in the integral or differential forms. To adequately predict the response of steel members during cyclic loading, the hardening rule must account for the features of cyclic stress-strain behavior. Neithe of the basic isotropic and kinematic hardening rules is suitable for describing cyclic streess-strain behavior, although a kinematic hardening rule describes the nearly linear portions of the stabilized hystersis loops. There is also a limited expansion of the yield surface as predicted by the isotropic hardening rule. Strong ground motions or wind gusts affect the complex and nonproportional loading histories in the inelastic behavior of structues rather than the proportional loading. Nonproportional loading is defined as externally applied forces on the structure, with variable ratios during the entire loading history. This also includes the rate of time-dependency of the loads. For nonproportional loading histories, unloading may take place along a chord instead of the radius of the load surface. In such cases, the shape of the stress-strain curve has to be determined experimentally for all non-radial loading conditions. The plasticity models including two surface models ae surveyed based on a yield surface and a bound surface that represent a state of maximum stress. This paper is concerned with the improvement of a plasticity models of the two-surface type for structural steel. This is follwed by an overview of plasticity models on structural steel. Finally the need for further research is identified.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2019

About 300,000 tones of oyster shell are annually produced in Korea and, thus, a massive recycling plan is required. Many desulfurizing studies using oyster shells with chemical composition of $CaCO_3$ have been performed so far; however, most of them have focused on dry desulfurization. This study investigates the possibility of using oyster shells for wet desulfurization after calcination. For this, a simulated wet desulfurization facility of spray type was devised and compared the SOx-stripping characteristics of calcined oyster shell with those of limestone. The calcined oyster shell slurry indicate a better desulfurizability than the slurries of raw shell or limestone because the oyster shell transformed to a more reactive phase ($Ca(OH)_2$) by the calcination and hydration. Because of this reason, when the calcined oyster shell slurries were used, the reaction residue showed the higher gypsum ($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$) contents than any other cases. In the continuous desulfurization experiments, calcined oyster shell slurry showed a wider pH variation than limestone or raw oyster shell slurries, another clear indication of high reactivity of calcined oyster shells for $SO_2$ absorption. Our study also shows that the efficiency of wet desulfurization can be improved by the use of calcined oyster shells.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.14-19
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• 1992

분말단조 공정의 해석을 위한 기초연구로서 고용 업셋에 의한 다공질 합금강 프리폼의 치밀화와 소성 변형거동에 관하여 조사하였다. 다공질 프리폼의 소성 유동응력은 용도의 상승에 떠라 감소하였고, 변형속도의 증가에 따라 증가함을 보였다. 또한, 다공질 프리폼의 초기밀도가 더 높을수록 동일한 온도와 하중조건에서 더 높은 치밀화를 보였다. 또한, 밀도변화에 따른 프와송 비를 실험치로 부터 구하였고, 배불림 현상과 체적변화를 고려하여 온도에 따른 진응력-진변형률 관계를 구하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.13-27
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• 1996

소성가공이란 원재료를 소성변형(Plastic deformation)을 통해서 고체의 제품을 만드는 가공법이다. 가공중에 물체의 질량과 체적에는 크게 변화가 없다. 소성 가공중 주응력이 어떻게 작용하느냐에 따라서 소성가공을 여러가지로 분류하고 있다. 즉, Metal Forming은 다음과 같이 분류할 수 있다. 1) Compound Forming에는, Rolling, Free forming, Die forming, Stamping, Pressing 2) Tension compression forming에는, Drawing, Deep-drawing, Rimming, Spinning, Bulge forming 3) Tension forming에는 Lengthening, Widning, Deepening 4) Bending에는 Bending with linear tool motion, Bending with rotary tool motion 5) Thrust forming에는 Swaging, Twisting이 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2004

대부분의 금속 재료는 제조 공정 중에 인장, 압축, 압연, 압출, 인발 등 소성 변형을 수반하는 가공의 단계를 거치게 된다. 가공 단계에서 가해준 변형률 및 이에 따라 형성된 전위구조 등은 생산재의 기계적 성질에 많은 영향을 미친다. 그리고 소성 변형이 수반되는 또 하나의 과정은 피로, 크리프 손상 등의 소성 변형을 수반하게 되는 기계적 손상이다 이러한 기계적 손상에 의해서도 전위가 도입되며, 전위의 집적부위에서 균열이 생성되기도 한다. 따라서 기계적 손상을 비파괴적으로 평가하는데 있어서도 소성 변형의 영향을 파악하는 것이 하나의 중요한 문제가 된다.(중략)

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.395-407
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• 2014

In this study, firing temperature of bricks from the Songsanri tomb complex is interpreted based on the mineralogical and physical changes of soil samples fired at different temperature. When soil samples were burned at 500 to $1,200^{\circ}C$, phase transition of clay minerals affected the mineralogical composition and microstructure, which leaded to alteration of physical features as color, water absorption and porosity. Mineralogical composition can be assumed to vary with the temperature by mineral phase stability, however, color, water absorption, porosity and microstructure had slow change under $1,000^{\circ}C$, and had rapid change from 1,000 to $1,200^{\circ}C$. Upon the mineral and physical alteration of soil, firing temperature of bricks from the Songsanri tomb complex were estimated. Some bricks were over fired at temperature more than $1,200^{\circ}C$, some high-burned bricks were fired from 1,100 to $1,200^{\circ}C$, some bricks were fired by 900 to $1,000^{\circ}C$ and some bricks ere assumed not to be fired. Henceforward mineralogical and physical study can be applied to interpretate more precise firing temperature.

• Ceramist
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.44-47
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• 2005