• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2015

According to Korea Social Trends 2012 report presented in National Statistical Office, based on 2010, single-person household out of all households in Korea ratio is 23.9%, not only this ratio is beyond a family of four's ratio (22.5%) but also overtake couple-person household. Last year, according to financial industry and National Statistical Office, Korea's single-person household is estimated 4 million Five hundred and thirty thousand nine thousand family (25.3%). this mean is Korea's One of four household furniture is single-person household. Furthermore. According to National Statistical Office's report 'Future household projections 2010~2035 Report', In 2035, Korea's single-person household is assumed to increase by 34.3%. Korea's causes an increase of single-person household causes an increase is reduced marriage, increase in divorce, low fertility, increasing older singles etc. also Around the World as well as Korea single person household is increase. Based on 2011, single-person household is reached at 2 hundred million 42 million furniture (This ratio is 13%), China and U.S.A's single-person household ratio close in upon 30%. Sweden and Norway, the Philippines, Denmark is also approximately 40% of all households. Up to now, Not reached at OECD average, but this is increasing at a very fast pace. and then It will overtake this ratio. so government, regarding single-person household upsurge, try to find definitive solution. Appeared to statistics through the data, this find out the single-person household characteristics. Using association rule, the association between consumption trend and single-person.

• Economic Analysis
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-53
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• 2019

This paper examines monetary policy quantitatively in a two-agent and small-scale New-Keynesian economy with debt-constrained households that cannot smooth their consumption intertemporally and frictionlessly since highly indebted households are not allowed to borrow above a certain debt ceiling in incomplete financial markets without additional risk premiums due to information asymmetry between savers and borrowers. We find that, in the event of cost shocks, the asymmetric responses of borrowing households without, and saving households with, dividend incomes lead to different labor supplies and consumptions over heterogeneous households, and eventually to an extension of the monetary policy transmission channels. The income effect and low elasticity of the labor supply play key roles in such asymmetric responses over heterogeneous households. We also find that the social welfare in a flexible inflation targeting (FIT) monetary policy, in which both the inflation gap and the output gap are considered in an integrated manner when policy-making, is similar to that of the Ramsey optimal monetary policy (ROP), in which the shares of debt-constrained households, as well as all economic states, including both the inflation gap and output gap, are considered comprehensively for policy-making, and that it is greater than that of simple inflation targeting (SIT) monetary policy, in which only the inflation gap is considered mechanically for policy-making. Such social welfare implies that a FIT policy may still work even in an economy with a sizable number of debt-constrained households. Further, the responses of cost shocks to consumption and labor supply are dying out more slowly under FIT and ROP policies than under an SIT policy.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2012

To determine sulfate uptake and assimilation of various rape cultivars (Brassica napus L.) under different S levels, the activity of ATP sulfurylase, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ uptake and glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured in different age of leaves. In this study, ten rape cultivars (Mokpo, Tamra, Youngsan, Naehan, Saturnin, Akela, Mosa, Capitol, Pollen, and Colosse) showed various sulfate uptake and assimilation capacity in response to inefficient sulfate supply. Under inadequate sulfate conditions, a greater ATP sulfurylase activity in young leaves was observed in all cultivars compared to that of old leaves. In addition, GSH concentration was considerably increased in young leaves when S supply was declined from 2.0 to 0.2 mM. These results suggested that rape cultivars differ in their capacity to utilize sulfate under limited S conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.579-579
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• 2016

물이 상품에 내재되어 국가간 이동을 한다는 가상수 개념은 기후변화로 인해 물부족 현상이 심화되면서 세계 각국의 관심을 얻고 있다. 향후 물부족 현상 및 가상수 이동과 관련해 국제적인 물거래에 대한 전세계적 차원의 조치가 있을 가능성이 예상되면서 가상수의 국제적인 이동 추이에 대한 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 가상수 교역에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지에 대한 연구는 아직 미비하다. 따라서 본 연구는 가상수 이동에 영향을 미치는 요인을 사회경제적 요인을 중심으로 탐색한다. 사회경제적요인으로서 국가의 경제위기 경험 유무, 경제규모, 생활수준, 경제성장속도, 그리고 수자원 정책기조를 선정하고, 이러한 요인들이 전세계국가 및 한국의 가상수 교역량 변화에 어느 정도나 영향을 미치는 지를 분석했다. 가상수 교역량에 대한 자료는 UNESCO, UN, FAO의 자료를 토대로 데이터셋을 구축해 활용했다. 총 10개 농축산 품목을 대상으로 산정한 가상수 교역량에 대해 1989년부터 2013년까지 총 24년간의 자료를 분석했다. 분석 결과 아시아 외환위기, 미국발 경제위기 등 세계적 수준의 경제위기는 전반적으로 가상수 교역추이에 큰 영향을 미치지는 않았으나, 미국발 경제위기는 가상수 교역흐름 완화와 일정 정도 관련성을 보였다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 경제규모와 가상수 교역량은 전반적으로 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 한국의 경우에는 경제규모 및 생활수준 모두 가상수 교역량과 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 반면 경제성장속도는 가상수 교역량과 큰 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 시간적으로 보았을 때 한국의 경우 생활수준은 2007년도 이후에 가상수 교역량과 매우 큰 상관관계를 보였다. 경제적 요인, 특히 경제규모가 가상수 교역량과 높은 관계를 보이는 것은 경제력이 상승하면서 생활습관이 변화해 육류소비가 많은 것과도 관련이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 사회적 요인과 관련해 분석한 수자원 정책의 기조변화는 가상수 교역량 변화에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.219-243
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• 2018

This study focused on the rapidly growing Chinese market by developing an evaluation model for overseas direct sales websites for Chinese consumers. In addition, we developed specific strategic alternatives for each sub-market by conducting multi-group analysis for each consumer's characteristics. Results showed that the level of concern about site use had a stronger impact on persistent use behavior. In addition, among antecedents that affect the level of assurance and concern, we found that these includes not only the perceived benefits and perceived risk factors identified in previous studies but also social-cultural factors. In addition, this study compares the evaluation of overseas direct sales website according to the level of involvement of users. This study analyzes the differences in coefficients among the paths and suggest practical implications for each group.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.389-410
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• 1995

Large metropolitan areas in the US are distinguished by highly fragmented fiscally independent suburban municipalities and special districts. The suburban fragmentation implies the congregation of similar socio-economic groups escaped from central cities and the disparity of geographical resources among local government jurisdictions. This study examines St.Louis County suburbs as a case study for the implictions of suburban governmental fragmentation and the fiscal disparities across local governmental boundaries by analyzing their relationship with public service provision using police and public school services as examples. The distribution of fiscal resources across political boundaries, the processes which created them, and public service inequalities reproduced from the disparity of fiscal resources reveal the causes and consequences of suburban governmental fragmentation. The central part of suburban fragmentation is the segregation of public goods consumption reproduced from the disparity of local fiscal resources, and it acts as a basic geographical segregating force in the suburban spatial organization.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate consumer's preference and purchase behavior of pork including perception of brand-pork in Korea. A total of 504 respondents were surveyed and collected from December, 2007 to February, 2008. Among total respondents, 62.55% (n=314) responded that they liked the pork and respondents who were higher education level showed higher preference (p<0.05). Majority of consumers (61.16%) did not like imported pork. In addition, one who had lower education level and living in rural area disliked more the imported pork. Most consumers preferred to the belly (58.57%) and results indicated that the people who were higher education level preferred a discount mart but who were living in rural area preferred a butcher's shop. Among the purchasing area, a big discount mart was the most preferred (44.64%) and this was also different among the education level (p<0.001) and living areas (p<0.05). The consumers preferred to purchasing a 600 g pack for a single purchase. Among total respondents, 42.71% of consumers responded that their priority was reliability of meat quality on choosing the place for purchasing the pork, and the significant difference was highly found in living area groups (p<0.001). The perception of carcass grading system was common scores with the average of 2.79, and there was highly significant difference among education level groups (p<0.001). The average of 3.50 among 5 points for branded pork were evaluated by a total of consumers but the significant differences were not found in all three groups.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2009

This study attempted to investigate the perception and usage status for meat products of dietitians in the food service business in Seoul and Gangwon province. 32.8% of dietitians decided the menu reflecting the taste of students. Most of the dietitians (89.2%) checked the manufacture date of the processed meat products when they were supplied. To address the question as to whether they could distinguish the difference among ham, pressed ham, and sausage, most of them answered; 'can distinguish a little' (47.5%) or 'can't distinguish' (36.7%). The most frequently provided processed meat products were ham (33.9%), followed by sausage (21.7%). However, it is assumed that the dietitians might have mistaken the pressed ham for the classic ham. The most common frequency of the serving processed meat product in the food services was once a month (41.6%). Most desired aspect of quality improvement for the processed meat products was answered as 'hygiene/safety' (31.5%), and followed by 'higher quality' (26%). In conclusion, the improvement of the product quality and the strengthening of public information would be prerequisites for expanding the use of processed meat products in the food services and business-to-business (B2B) market in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2016

The objective of this research was to determine the effects of harvesting frequency and fertilization levels on botanical composition, dry matter yield, and forage feed compositions of Alpine grassland at 800 m altitude. This research lasted for three years at National Alpine Agricultural Research Institute in Pyeongchang with two harvesting frequency schedules (two and three times annually) and two levels of fertilizer application (conventional level of fertilizer at 280-200-240 kg/ha and a lower level of fertilizer at 200-200-200 kg/ha for N, $P_2O_5$, and $K_2O$). Mixture combinations with seeding rate (kg/ha) were as follows: Orchardgrass 18, Tall fescue 9, Timothy 8, Kentucky bluegrass 3, and Ladino Clover 2. The gramineae ratio ranged from 93.2 to 95.3%. Therefore, gramineae forage was considered as the dominant plant in this experiment. No significant (p>0.05) difference was observed in forage dry matter yield between the two harvesting frequency treatments (two times at 9.8 ton/ha and three times at 8.6 ton/ha). However, forage dry matter yield in the two times of harvesting frequency tended to be greater than that in the three times of harvesting frequency. Significantly (p<0.05) higher forage dry matter yield in the standard fertilization level group than the lower fertilization level group (9.8 ton/ha vs. 8.7 ton/ha) was observed. However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in forage crude protein concentration between the two harvesting frequency treatment groups, although the concentration in the group with three times of harvesting frequency tended to be higher. In contrast, crude fiber concentration in the group with two times of harvesting frequency tended to be higher, although the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, and organic matter concentrations were not significantly (p>0.05) different between the two groups with different fertilization levels. Based on these results, it was concluded that the group with two times of harvesting frequency with conventional fertilization level might be proper for obtaining better forage productivity for Alpine grassland at 800 m altitude.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.481-491
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• 2016

This study analyzed the customer's revisit concepts and storytelling by restaurant customers to identify the elements that can attract the attention of customers. The restaurant concept or advertising, restaurant decor will also have to change to emphasize the comparative advantage of the features in the menu of a restaurant or other restaurants / service that tells a story. Membership cards or money, or the same convenience and use of the restaurant non-monetary 'transition cost' can compensate for the negative emotions and low satisfaction level of restaurant customers and help them choose to revisit the restaurant. Therefore, if such a transition takes full account of the effects of the cost to the customer, it can be used as an effective means. In class restaurants, such as the food and customer service, the increased levels of the restaurant atmosphere and empirical elements, such as store concept and physical environment, can improve the positive consumer sentiment, strengthen the customer satisfaction and have a positive effect on the customers' revisit intention. It is also important to improve the level of visual texture using light. In addition, positive consumer sentiment can be induced using the store concept, the physical environment, and experiential elements. In other words, membership cards, mileage points, and various financial and non-financial inducements as a marketing tool will have a positive impact on the customer's revisit intention.