• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.213-237
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• 2017

It is essential in social policy evaluation to examine how effectively they protect people from social risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of five income security programs of Korea in coping with poverty, using KoWEPs data. We analyse the coverage and adequacy of these programs, joint as well as individual, for each sub-groups. As a result, it was found that 35% of the poor get none of the benefits. The coverage and adequacy for the aged is rather high. However, for the working age people, the unemployed in particular, are very poorly covered and average benefits levels are very low. These findings imply that there are much room and demand for improvement of Korean income security program, especially for working age population.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2002

This study compared the financial status between the employed-elderly households and the unemployed-elderly households, focused on income adequacy, expenditure adequacy and net wealth adequacy. Using data from 1997 KHPS, the lower financial status of the unemployed elderly households were found. Nine measures of financial status were used : income, per capita income, income-to-needs ratio, expenditure, per capita expenditure, expenditure-to-needs ratio, net wealth, net wealth-to-income ratio and net wealth- to-expenditure ratio. The results of this study showed that unemployed elderly households had 68%~77% of income adequacy and 72%~83% of expenditure adequacy for employed elderly households. Holding for gender, age, education, earners in the household, living area and home ownership constant, although the gap was getting smaller, significant differences between the unemployed-elderly households and the employed-elderly households were persisted. The result of this study indicated that the unemployed-elderly households and the employed-elderly households can not be regarded ac homogeneous group when public policies are developed.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-39
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• 2006

This paper documents the increase in earnings variability (or earnings risk) during the 1990s in Korea, and investigates whether it can be accounted for by capital market opening. The variances of transitory and permanent innovations in earnings are estimated from repeated cross-section data using a simple econometric framework. The increasing time-series pattern of earnings risk among men follows the increased foreign capital presence reasonably well, but the supporting cross-sectional evidence for a causal relationship between the two is weak. However, foreign direct investment (FDI) is found to have had some non-neutral effects on workers of varying skills in such a way that transitory earnings risk of less-skilled workers relatively increased with FDI. To the extent that transitory innovations are not fully insured, this widening effect of FDI on earnings risk gap may have contributed to widening welfare gap between skilled and unskilled workers in Korea, at least in terms of "risks."

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.32-38
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• 2012

몽골은 석탄 매장량이 매우 풍부하고 석유연료를 전적으로 수입에 의존하기 때문에, 석탄액화플랜트 건설에 필요한 충분한 여건을 갖추고 있다. 본 연구에서는 몽골에 하루 10,000배럴의 석유연료를 생산할 수 있는 석탄액화플랜트를 건설할 경우에 대한 경제성분석을 수행한다. 먼저 기존에 있는 산업계의 석탄액화플랜트 프로젝트 데이터와 학계의 연구결과를 토대로 몽골 석탄액화플랜트 건설에 필요한 비용과 기대수명, 그리고 예상 수명기간 동안 운영했을 때 발생하는 운영비용과 소득을 추정한다. 추정된 비용과 소득을 이용하여 네 가지 시나리오(기본, 악화 1, 악화 2, 매우 악화) 하에서의 경제성 분석을 실시한다. 분석결과 투자수익률이 기본 시나리오에서는 45%에 가까우며, 가장 나쁜 시나리오에서도 5%보다 컸다. 이는 몽골 석탄액화플랜트 건설이 경제적으로 충분히 타당성이 있음을 나타낸다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.57-72
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• 1997

우리나라의 기업들은 외국과는 달리 대주주와 소액주주간의 차등배당을 실시하는 독특한 배당정책을 가지고 있으며, 대주주들이 소액주주들보다 실제적으로 적은 배당금을 지급받는 형태로 운영되고 있다. 대주주들이 차등배당결정에 대한 거부권을 행사할 충분한 능력이 있음을 가정할 때 자신의 부를 감소시키는 배당정책을 스스로 허용하는 이유에 대한 의문이 제기된다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 최초의 연구로 차등배당 지급동기에 대하여 두가지 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째로, 한계세율가설을 들 수 있다. 이는 국내 과세제도가 대주주들에게 적은 배당을 지급하게끔 하는 동인으로 작용한다는 것이다. 우리나라의 과세정책하에서 소액주주들은 그들의 배당소득에 따른 분리과세를 적용받는 반면에 대주주들은 종합과세가 적용되기 때문에 대주주의 배당소득이 더 높은 종합과세율에 적용을 받는 한계소득이라면 대주주들은 소액주주보다 낮은 배당(또는 무배당)을 선호할 수 있을 것이다. 둘째로, 배당재원가설을 들 수 있다. 이는 기업의 수익이 모든 주주들에게 기존의 배당금과 비슷한 배당금을 지불할 정도로 충분치 않을 경우 차등배당을 실시할 수 있다는 것이다. 기업의 이익이 감소하였을 때 대주주에 대한 배당금을 줄임으로써 주식시장의 한계 투자그룹을 형성하고 있는 소액주주들에게는 이전과 비슷한 크기의 안정적인 배당금을 지급 하고자 한다는 것이다. 상기 두가지 가설에 대한 검증을 Logit모형을 이용하여 실증 분석하였으며, 그 결과 배당가능이익의 크기가 작을수록, 그리고 대주주의 한계소득세율이 높을수록 차등배당의 경향이 높은 것으로 나타나 세율과 기업의 수익성이 차등배당의 주요한 동인으로 작용하고 있는 것을 발견하였다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.215-230
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• 2009

In this study, we compared Korean retirees' retirement wealth adequacy with their subjective recognition and examined determinants affecting the retirement wealth adequacy. The data were drawn from the 2007 Korean Retiree Survey carried out by the Korean Investors Education Foundation. The major results of this study were as follows. The analysis suggested that Korean retirees(age 50 and over) were not well prepared financially. When using their assets(except for their residence), only 23.2% had accumulated enough wealth to meet their expenses for the remainder of their life. 25.7% of retirees subjectively considered themselves to be adequately covered. The comparison results showed that 23.8% of retirees' subjective recognition was not in accord with the estimation results. One of the most troubling groups is the 12.9% of retirees who were in the inadequacy group even though they considered themselves to be in the adequacy group. Retirement wealth adequacy determinants were quite different between objective adequacy and subjective recognition. Household income and ownership of a residence have positive effects on the retirement wealth adequacy. Also, the importance of retirement planning to retirement wealth adequacy is statistically confirmed. Based on these findings, This research suggests private retirement planning and political implications for retirees and preretired households.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.327-338
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• 1999

본 연구는 카탈로그와 케이블 TV, 인터넷 홈쇼핑 정보전달 매체별로 의류제품에 대한 소비자의 인식 및 기대 수준을 비교 분석하여 홈쇼핑의 정보전달 매체 개발에 기초적인 자료를 구축하기 위하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 대상자는 20세 이상의 카탈로그 홈쇼핑사 회원 219명, 케이블 TV 홈쇼핑사 회원 213명, 네티즌 972명이었다. 매체별 이용자의 분포는 카탈로그와 케이블 TV 홈쇼핑의 경우 여성과 기혼자가 많았고 직업은 주부와 사무직이 많았다. 반면 인터넷 이용자는 남성과 미혼자가 많았고 직업은 사무직이 많았다. 학력은 세 매체 모두 응답자의 절반 이상이 대졸 이상으로 교육수준이 높았다. 설문조사 결과 의류 홈쇼핑에 대한 매체별 소비자의 인식은 다음과 같았다. 1. 케이블 TV 홈쇼핑 이용자들은 케이블 TV를 통해 판매되는 의류제품이 디자인, 색상이 다양하며, 제품의 소재나 품질, 치수에 대한 정보도 충분하다고 느끼며 의류의 품질 신뢰도와 구매의사도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2. 통신판매를 이용해서 의류를 구매해 본 경험이 있는 집단은 구매를 경험하지 못한 집단보다 구매의사도 높으며 통신판매에 대한 신뢰성도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 케이블 TV 홈쇼핑을 통해 의류제품을 구매해 본 경험이 있는 집단이 의류제품 정보의 다양성에 대한 만족감과 품질 신뢰성이 가장 높았다. 3. 매체와 성별의 차이를 살펴본 결과 케이블 TV를 이용하는 여성은 의류제품의 다양성, 충분한 제품정보, 품질의 신뢰성, 구매의사에 가장 긍정적인 인식을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 케이블 TV를 이용하는 기혼자와 고소득자가 다른 집단보다 의류제품의 다양성, 제품정보와 품질 신뢰성, 구매의사에서 가장 긍정적인 인식을 가진 집단이었다. 본 연구의 결과는 케이블 TV 홈쇼핑은 카탈로그와 인터넷에 비해 소비자의 욕구를 충족시키는 제품과 소개방식으로 의류를 판매하고 있으며, 특히 의류제품 구매 경험이 있고 고소득층이며 기혼인 여성들을 만족시킬만한 다양한 상품을 구비하고 자세한 제품정보를 제공하며 품질에 대한 신뢰를 심어 주어 긍정적인 구매의사를 갖도록 유도하고 있는 것으로 해석된다.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.45-70
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• 2018

After critically assessing the effectiveness of basic income as an alternative to the existing social security system, this article argues that basic income is fundamentally incapable of providing an adequate protection for those in social risks or welfare needs. The proponents of basic income often claims that technological innovations will lead to the end of work and thus that basic income will be required for all citizens in the future. Moreover, they emphasize that labor market flexibility is making a large segment of work forces unstable working poor, what is often called the precariat who are not effectively protected by the existing social insurance programs. For them, basic income is the best source of social protection for the precariat of today and the citizens in the future, freeing them from the necessity of having a paid work. This article, however, points out the ineffectiveness of basic income as social protection due to its unustainably high cost that comes from unconditional benefit provisions regardless of levels of income, social risks, and welfare needs. Also it challenges the simplified 'Luddites' image of workless society in the future, arguning that techological unemployment can be overcome by new job creation as seen in Silicon Valley and job sharing following working time reduction. It maintains that it is more cost-effective and reliable to strengthen the welfare state based on the principle of reciprocity that aims at 'universal sufficient protection for those in social risks and welfare needs.'

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-194
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that interrupt the use of social security of elderly North Korean refugees. As a result of qualitative content analysis using interview data, it is found that the elderly North Korean defectors have a lower access to the social security system. The main reason for hindering the use of social security system is low awareness due to limited information channels, psychological distance to South Korean society and residents. Moreover, this psychological distance is a factor that reduces the geographical accessibility of elderly North Korean defectors by preferring to use services in specific institutions for North Korean, while South Korean elderly people can use the service elsewhere. In addition, there are many cases in which the elderly in North Korean defectors do not receive sufficient social security due to low income. On the other hand, social security systems with high accessibility of older North Korean refugees are characterized by the fact that they are provided by experts who have formed sufficient rapport with North Korean refugees. Therefore, it seems possible to improve the accessibility of elderly defectors' friendly system by professional workers with cultural competence. In addition, a multidimensional approach is needed to fully cope with the complex desires of elderly North Korean defectors and a mechanism should be set up to reflect their opinion in system operation.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.169-188
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• 2019

In this study, the author utilizes longitudinal data of the recent 12 years to verify whether the absolute versus relative income of old age has a significant effect on their life satisfaction of life. The findings of this study show that there is a significant difference in life satisfaction of old age according to respondents' relative income of three reference groups based on their asset quintile and residental area and education. In the correlation analysis using the cross-sectional data, the absolute and relative income level was closely related to the life satisfaction. In the panel regression analysis using the 12 years longitudinal data from the Korea National Labour Panel dataset, the income level of counterparts in those reference groups appeared highly significant in determining the level of life satisfaction of the elderly. However, some demographic variables such as age and marital status did not have a statistically significant effect in the long-term perspective. The income of reference groups in terms of asset levels, education and region as well as their own past life satisfaction level had a significant effect on the elders' life satisfaction determination. These results suggest that the relative income hypothesis in terms of life satisfaction among the elderly is more valid than the previous absolute income hypothesis.