• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5422-5429
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• 2015

Main idea of this study is applying The HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) system to Confectionery. LB company, located in Gyeryong-si, Chungnam, provided main ingredients of confectionery, work facilities and workers between September 1, 2014 and January 15, 2015. The manufacturing process was made by Referring to the typical manufacturing process of confectionery manufacturers. Based on the microbiological hazard analysis, egg contained $6.2{\times}10^3CFU/g$ of bacteria, which has most amount of bacteria among agricultural materials. However, the Microbiological hazard analysis of the raw materials and after the baking process of confectionery showed a safe result. As a result, the microbiological hazard should be reduced by systematic cleaning, disinfection and improved sanitary education.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.104-113
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• 1998

In genral, the water process facilities include the purification plant, the waste water plant and the process of this purification plant is consisted of the intake, coagulation, settling, filtration, disinfection. The coagulation is very important in filtration processing plant and is very related to process of turbidity. The coagulation to the turbidity is, however, not yet to be clarified and the amount of coagulant can not be easily calculated. Moreover the coagulant dosing amount has to be decided adaptively according to the qualities of the raw water. So, the automation of chemicals dosing process and the supervisory system were needed to improve the performance of facilities. In this paper, a neural network is employed to model the coagulation to the turbidity of the treated water and the historical jar-test data are used to train the neural network. And also, an automation system to support the coagulant dosing process using the neural network was implemented and was shown by the field test. This automation system for the operator support system was constructed the environment to supervise the state an management of facilities for the maintenance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.4924-4931
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• 2011

This research performed to evaluate a production processes reporting by the HACCP system of green vegetable juice products, containing lactic acid bacteria, stage of processing raw materials agricultural products and production facilities of general bacteria and pathogenic micro organism. General bacteria are found from four samples of storage of agricultural products at process stage and water was detected 8.67~14.67 CFU/ml. However, all samples were detected less than 105 CFU/ml as a legal standards after the process of UV sterilization. For the outcome of experiment of E.coli, E.coli O157:H7, B.cereus, L.moonocytogenes, Salmonella spp, Staph.aureus as the food poisoning bacterial, E.coli was detected until UV pre-step process in storage process and B.cereus was detected partly till 1st washing. Since all bacterial, Yeast and Mold are detected in main materials, pre-control method is a necessary to establish for decreasing with a number of initial bacteria of main materials and it is considered to establish the effective ways of washing and sterilization such as production facilities for cross contamination prevention of bacteria and Sthaphylococcus. Based on above results, the process of UV sterilization should be managed with CCP as an important process to reduce or eliminate the general and food poisoning bacterial of green vegetable juice products, including lactic acid bacteria. Therefore, it is considered to need an exhaustive HACCP plan such as control manual of UV sterilization, solution method, verification, education and training and record management.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.889-900
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• 2010

The experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) have been applied to the investigation of the electro-UV complex process for the disinfection of E. coli in the water. The disinfection reactions of electro-UV process were mathematically described as a function of parameters power ($X_1$), NaCl dosage ($X_2$), initial pH ($X_3$) and disinfection time ($X_4$) being modeled by use of the Box-Behnken technique. The application of RSM using the Box-Behnken technique yielded the following regression equation, which is an empirical relationship between the residual E. coli number and test variables in actual variables: Ln (CFU) = 23.57 - 0.87 power - 1.87 NaCl dosage - 2.13 pH - 2.84 time - 0.09 power time - 0.07 NaCl dosage pH + 0.14 pH time + 0.03 $power^2$ + 0.47 NaCl $dosage^2$ + 0.20 $pH^2$+ 0.33 $time^2$. The model predictions agreed well with the experimentally observed result ($R^2$ = 0.9987). Graphical response surface and contour plots were used to locate the optimum point. The estimated ridge of maximum response and optimal conditions for the E. coli disinfection using canonical analysis was Ln 1.06 CFU (power, 15.40 W; NaCl dosage, 1.95 g/L, pH, 5.94 and time, 4.67 min). To confirm this optimum condition, the obtained number of the residual E. coli after three additional experiments were Ln 1.05, 1.10 and Ln 1.12. These values were within range of 0.62 (95% PI low)~1.50 (95% PI high), which indicated that conforming the reproducibility of the model.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1181-1188
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• 2015

In this study, we discussed about the application of the single physical and chemical treatment processes and the physical-chemical complex treatment processes on the inactivation of Artemia sp. in order to satisfy the USCG Phase II (United States Coast Guard). The results showed that initial disinfection rate of ultrasonic process in single batch process is higher than that of electrolysis. However, the inactivation rate showed slower than electrolysis. The inactivation rate of Artemia sp. on the single continuous treatment process ranked in the following order: homogenizer > electrolysis > ultrasonic process. Inactivation rate of Artemia sp. in continuous homogenizer-electrolysis complex process was reached at 100% immediately. A synergistic effect of ultrasonic-electrolytic complex process was found to be a small. The order of processes in a complex process did not affect the disinfection performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.155-158
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• 1997

정수처리 공정은 응집, 침전, 여과, 살균소독 처리로 이루어지며, 이 가운데 약품주입에 의한 응집 침전 처리는 상수처리시스템에서 가장 핵심 부분이 된다. 투입해야할 약품의 양은 여러 가지 조건에 따라 달라지는데 원수의 탁도, 수온, 그리고 pH등의 여러 요인이 있다. 본 논문에서는 jar테스트의 결과를 이용하여 최초 물의 상태에 따라 약품의 주입량을 간단하게 결정짓는 룰의 유도를 다루고 있다. 이러한 간이룰의 유도를 위하여 엔트로피 이론을 적용하였다. 이 이론을 이용하여 출력변수인 유출수질(탁도)의 만족/불만족의 상태에 따라 입력변수인 유입수질(탁도, 수온, pH 알칼리도 등) 과 결정변수인 약품투입량에 대한 간이룰을 유도하고 시험용 데이터에 이 룰에 적응시켜 그 결과를 알아보았다.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Conventional disinfectants and disinfection method are expensive, hazardous and often require long periods of exposure. Recently, there is growing interest in complex disinfection process as a disinfection technique in medical instruments such as endoscope, hand piece bur to improve the disinfection efficiency and conveniency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new complex process for the purpose of disinfection of Escherichia coli in water. Three single process (electrolysis, UV and ultrasonic process) was combined dual and triple disinfection process. The order of disinfection performance for E. coli in dual process lie in: Electrolysis + UV > Electrolysis + Ultrasonic > UV + Ultrasonic process. Disinfection efficiency of E. coli and degradation of N, N-Dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO, indicating material of OH radical formation) of dual process was higher than that of the triple process (Electrolysis + UV + Ultrasonic process). In electrolysis + UV process, disinfection tendency was well agreed with RNO degradation tendency.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.27 no.A
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• pp.15-18
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• 2007

This study investigated disinfection effect by general water purifier and water purifier with UV light disinfection. The results are as follows : (i) The general bacteria existed plentifully in a storage tank before treatment (ii) Water treated in water purifier did not meet the water treatment regulation standard since the presence of bacteria, whereas with UV light application the regulation standard is totally satisfied. (iii) Photocatalytic disinfection process with UV light in the presence of $TiO_2$ more effectively killed general bacteria than UV light only.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.453-458
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• 2008

Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate disinfection as well as removal of color and residual organics from reclaimed municipal wastewater by electrochemical processes with Nb/Pt anode installed. RNO was rapidly bleached by OH$\cdot$ and the second order rate constants of RNO removal were $\frac{0.223l}{mg{\cdot}min}$, $\frac{1.679l}{mg{\cdot}min}$ and $\frac{2.322l}{mg{\cdot}min}$ with for 5 A, 10 A, and 15 A, respectively, with r$^2$ of > 96%. In batch electrochemical processes, after 15 min at currency of 15 A and initial pH of 5, 7,5 and 9, COD$_{Mn}$ was below 4 mg/L, color unit below 5 degree and general bacteria was not detected, the concentration of which are suitable for drinking water regulation. In the continuous electrochemical process, with HRT of 3.7$\sim$49.2 min, free chlorine were 0.2$\sim$0.7 mg/L, general bacteria was not detected, color unit below 5 degree and THMs was 0.017 mg/L. Therefore, electrochemical process with Nb/Pt anode was employed satisfactory to meet for reusing biologically treated water as well as disinfection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2014

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed as a results of the reaction of residual chlorine, used as a disinfectant in drinking water, with the organic matter in raw water. Although chlorinated and brominated THMs are the most common disinfection byproducts (DBPs) reported, iodinated THMs (I-THMs) can be formed when iodide is present in raw water. I-THMs have been usually associated with several medicinal or pharmaceutical taste and odor problems and is a potential health concern since they have been reported to be more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogs. Currently, there is no published standard analytical method for I-THMs in water. An automated headspace-gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) technique was developed for routine analysis of 10 THMs including 6 I-THMs in water samples. The optimization of the method is discussed. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) range from 12 ng/L to 56 ng/L and from 38 ng/L to 178 ng/L for 10 THMs, respectively. Matrix effects in river water, sea water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluent water were investigated and it was shown that the method is suitable for the analysis of trace levels of I-THMs, in a wide range of waters. The method developed in the present study has the advantage of being rapid, simple and sensitive.