Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2014.36.1.35

Analysis of Trace Levels of Lodinated Trihalomethanes in Water Using Headspace - GC/ECD  

Son, Hee-Jong (Water Quality Institute, Water authority)
Song, Mi-Jung (Water Quality Institute, Water authority)
Kim, Kyung-A (Water Quality Institute, Water authority)
Yoom, Hoon-Sik (Water Quality Institute, Water authority)
Choi, Jin-Taek (Water Quality Institute, Water authority)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.36, no.1, 2014 , pp. 35-41 More about this Journal
Abstract
Trihalomethanes (THMs) are formed as a results of the reaction of residual chlorine, used as a disinfectant in drinking water, with the organic matter in raw water. Although chlorinated and brominated THMs are the most common disinfection byproducts (DBPs) reported, iodinated THMs (I-THMs) can be formed when iodide is present in raw water. I-THMs have been usually associated with several medicinal or pharmaceutical taste and odor problems and is a potential health concern since they have been reported to be more toxic than their brominated and chlorinated analogs. Currently, there is no published standard analytical method for I-THMs in water. An automated headspace-gas chromatography/electron capture detector (GC/ECD) technique was developed for routine analysis of 10 THMs including 6 I-THMs in water samples. The optimization of the method is discussed. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) range from 12 ng/L to 56 ng/L and from 38 ng/L to 178 ng/L for 10 THMs, respectively. Matrix effects in river water, sea water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluent water were investigated and it was shown that the method is suitable for the analysis of trace levels of I-THMs, in a wide range of waters. The method developed in the present study has the advantage of being rapid, simple and sensitive.
Keywords
Iodinated Trihalomethanes; Headspace; Disinfection By-products; Gas Chromatography;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Richardson, S. D., Fasano, F., Ellington, J. J., Crumley, G. F., Buettner, K. M., Evans, J. J., Blount, B. C., Silva, L. K., Waite, T. J., Luther, G. W., McKague, B. A., Miltner, R. J., Wagner, E. D. and Plewa, M. J., "Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection by-products in drinking water," Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8330-8338(2008).   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Bichsel, Y. and von Gunten, U., "Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes during disinfection and oxidation of iodide containing waters," Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2784-2791(2000).   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Hua, G., Reckhow, D. A. and Kim, J., "Effect of bromide and iodide ions on the formation and speciation of disinfection by-products during chlorination," Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 3050-3056(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Plewa, M. J., Wagner, E. D., Richardson, S. D., Thruston, A. D., Woo, Y. T. and Mckague, A. B., "Chemical and biological characterization of newly discovered iodoacetic drinking water disinfection by-products," Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4713-4722(2004).   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Hansson, R. C., Henderson, M. J., Jack, P. and Taylor, R. D., "Iodoform taste complaints in chloramination," Water Res., 21(10), 1265-1271(1987).   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Cancho, B., Fabrellas, C., Diaz, A. and Ventura, F., "Determination of the odor threshold concentrations of iodinated trhalomethanes in drinking water," J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 1881-1884(2001).   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Allard, S., Charrois, J. W. A., Joll, C. A. and Heitz, A., "Simultaneous analysis of 10 trihalomethanes at nanogram per liter levels in water using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography mass-spectrometry," J. Chromatogr. A, 1238, 15-21(2012).   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Krasner, S. W., Weinberg, H. S., Richardson, S. D., Pastor, S. J., Chinn, R., Sclimenti, M. J., Onstad, G. D. and Thruston, A. D., "Occurrence of new generation of disinfection by-products," Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7175-7185(2006).   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Hua, G. and Reckhow, D. A., "DBP formation during chlorination and chloramination: effect of reaction time, pH, dosage, and temperature," J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 100, 82-95(2007).
10 Goslan, E. H., Krasner, S. W., Bower, M., Rocks, S. A., Holmes, P., Levy, L. and Parsons, S. A., "A comparison of disinfection by-products found in chlorinated and chloraminated drinking water in Scotland," Water Res., 43, 4698-4706(2009).   DOI   ScienceOn
11 WHO, Chloroform, Geneva(2004).
12 Son, H. J., Roh, J. S., Kim, S. G., Bae, S. M. and Kang, L. S., "Removal characteristics of chlorination disinfection byproducts by activated carbons," J. Kor. Soc. Environ. Eng., 27(7), 762-770(2005).
13 US EPA, Drinking Water Criteria Document for Brominated Trihalomethanes, EPA-882-R-05-011, Washing, D.C., (2005).
14 Cancho, B., Ventura, F. and Galceran, M. T., "Solid-phase microextraction for the determination of iodinated trihalomethanes in drinking water," J. Chromatogr. A, 841, 197-206(1999).   DOI   ScienceOn